Ch 13 Notes
•Name the structures composing
the cardiovascular system.
 Heart
 Vessels
 Arteries
 Capillaries
 Veins
•Identify the function of the
cardiovascular system.
 Transport
 Oxygen
 Nutrients
 Waste

Particularly CO2
Journal 4/28 - Sketch a frontal
section view of the heart and label
the following:
 Right atrium
 Aortic valvle
 Left atrium
 Pulmonary valve
 Right ventricle
 Aorta
 Left ventricle
 Vena cavae (2)
 Tricuspid valve
 Pulmonary veins
 Mitral (bicuspid) valve
 Pulmonary artery
•Distinguish between the coverings
of the heart...
 Fibrous pericardium
 Perietal pericardium
 Pericardial cavity
 Visceral pericardium
...and layers that compose the wall
of the heart
 Epicardium
 Myocardium
 Endocardium
•Identify and locate the major
parts of the heart, and discuss the
functions of each.
 Right atrium
 Aortic valvle
 Left atrium
 Pulmonary valve
 Right ventricle
 Aorta
 Left ventricle
 Vena cavae (2)
 Tricuspid valve
 Pulmonary veins
 Mitral (bicuspid) valve
 Pulmonary artery
Trace the pathway of blood
through the heart and the vessels
of coronary circulation.
 Vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right
ventricle -> pulmonary valve -> pulmonary artery ->
capillaries in the lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left
atrium -> mitral (bicuspid) valve -> left ventricle ->
aortic valve -> aorta -> body cells
Trace the pathway of blood
through the heart and the vessels
of coronary circulation.
 Pulmonary vs Systemic
 Pulmonary = anything having to do with the lungs.

Purpose: to oxygenate the blood and get rid of waste
 Systemic = the rest of the body

Purpose: to carry oxygen to the rest of the body
The heart’s own blood supply.
 The heart itself needs blood in addition to the blood
that’s flowing through it for the rest of the body.
 Coronary arteries – branch directly from the aorta;
feed the heart with oxygenated blood
 Coronary veins – drain unoxygenated blood into the
coronary sinus.
 Coronary sinus – collects unoxygenated blood and
pushes it back into the right atrium.
•Describe the cardiac cycle...
See page 567
Atrial systole – blood
moves from atria to
ventricles.
AV valves are open.
*AV valves close.
“lubb”
Atrial and Ventricular
diastole –
both are relaxed, and all
valves are closed as atria
refill with blood
Ventricular systole –
blood moves from
ventricles to aorta and
pulmonary trunk.
Semilunar valves are open.
*Semilunar valves close.
“dubb”
...and the cardiac conduction
system.
...and the cardiac conduction
system.
 SA node, AV node, AV bundle
and branches, and Purkinje
fibers are located in the
myocardium of the heart wall.
Identify the parts of a normal ECG
pattern and discuss the significance
of this pattern.
 P – depolarization of atria
 QRS – depolarization of
ventricles
 T – repolarization of
ventricle
 See pg 567
 Video
Explain the control of the cardiac
system.
 Heart rate is controlled in medulla oblongata in
coordination with the cerebrum and hypothalamus.
 Factors that influence heart rate
 Physical activity
 Emotional upset – either increases or decreases
 Temperature changes
 Potassium and calcium ions.
Journal 4/29
 Trace the pathway of blood through the heart.
 Start with un-oxygenated blood
 End with it going out to the body
Compare the structures and
functions of the major type of
blood vessels.
 Together, they form a closed tube that carries blood
away from the heart, to cells, and back again.
 Arteries – carry blood away from the heart.
 Arterioles – smaller branches off of the arteries.
 Blood is moved by blood pressure
Compare the structures and
functions of the major type of
blood vessels.
 Capillaries – Transfer oxygen to the cells and moves
blood to the veins.
 Venules – Connect to capillaries and carry blood to
veins.
 Veins – Carry un-oxygenated blood back to the heart
 No blood pressure; must be “pushed” through.
 Valves keep blood from moving backward.
Describe how substances are
exchanged between blood in capillaries
and the tissue fluid surrounding body
cells.
 Oxygen and nutrients coming from the arteries diffuse
into the tissue and fluids that need them based on
pressure differences.
 Carbon dioxide and other wastes diffuse from the
tissue and fluids into the blood base on pressure
differences as well.
 Other materials are exhanged through filtration and
osmosis.
Explain how blood pressure is
produced and controlled.
 Blood pressure = the force of blood against the inner
walls of any blood vessels.
 What we refer to as “blood pressure” is really arterial
pressure.
 Rises and falls with ventricular systole and diastole.
 Surge of blood that occurs during ventricular systole is
a pulse.
Describe the mechanisms that aid
in returning venous blood to the
heart.
 Contractions of skeletal muscles.
 Differences in thoracic and abdominal pressure.