CELL
SB 1 a Explain the role of cell organelles for
both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells,
including the cell membrane, in maintaining
homeostasis and cell reproduction.
CELLS UNIT
Cell = the smallest unit that can
carry on all the processes of life
CELL DIVERSITY
- cells are limited in size by their surface
area to volume ratio
- at some point, a cell can’t take in
enough energy quickly enough to live
- organelles = cell components that
perform specific functions for the cell
- two types:
eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Ribosomes
Nucleus
No Nucleus
Membrane-bound
organelles
No membrane-bound
organelles
Largest
Smallest
Single or Multi Celled
Single Celled
ex: plants, animals
ex: bacteria
MULTICELLULAR ORGANIZATION
Cells
(smallest) (simple)
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organism
(largest) (complex)
PARTS OF THE
EUKARYOTIC
CELL
CELL MEMBRANE
SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE = ONLY
CERTAIN THINGS CAN ENTER / EXIT THE
CELL
CELL MEMBRANE
CYTOPLASM
Contains the organelles of
the cell
Contains cytosol = a gelatinlike aqueous fluid which
organelles are in
CYTOPLASM
CENTRIOLES
•Organelles found in animal
cells.
•They are used during cell
reproduction.
CENTRIOLES
CYTOSKELETON
•Intracellular matrix that
supports cell shape and
function.
CYTOSKELETON
NUCLEUS
Stores the hereditary
information in its
DNA; controls the cell
(brain of the cell)
NUCLEUS
NUCLEOLUS
Site where
ribosomes are
made
NUCLEUS/NUCLEOLUS
RIBOSOMES
Most numerous
organelle;
synthesize proteins
RIBOSOMES
MITOCHONDRIA
Sites of chemical reactions –
supply energy to cell
(powerhouse)
More numerous in cells with high
energy requirements
MITOCHONDRIA
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM (ER)
Functions as a highway along
which molecules move from one
part of the cell to another
Two types:
1) Rough ER (has ribosomes)
2) Smooth ER (no ribosomes)
ROUGH ER
SMOOTH ER
ROUGH AND SMOOTH ER
GOLGI APPARATUS
The processing,
packaging, and
secreting
organelle of the
cell
GOLGI APPARATUS
LYSOSOMES
Organelles that contain
enzymes that digest stuff
Common in cells of animals,
fungi, and protists, but rare in
plant cells
LYSOSOMES
MICROTUBULES
Contributes to
the support,
movement, and
division of the cell
MICROTUBULES
FLAGELLA
Whipping action
propels cells
and makes
them move
FLAGELLA
CELL WALL
Rigidity helps
support and
protect the plant
cell
CELL WALL
PLANT CELLS WITH CELL WALL
VACUOLE
Fluid filled
organelle that
stores enzymes,
metabolic wastes,
and water
VACUOLE
VACUOLE (IN A PLANT CELL)
CHLOROPLAST
used to trap energy
of sunlight during
photosynthesis with
chlorophyll and
convert to energy
CHLOROPLAST