Creating a New Government
• Let’s just say that we have just broken
away from our current government and
are ready to establish a new “order.”
You being so knowledgeable about
governmental structures have been given
the task of creating a new and improved
governmental system. Briefly outline your
system of government. If you choose to,
you can develop your system of
government with a partner.
Creating a New Government
• Learning Targets:
• 1. evaluate the political ideas that were reflected
in state constitutions and eventually implemented
into the Constitution.
• 2. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the
Articles of Confederation.
• 3. interpret how certain events will expose the
weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation which
will bring about a need to create a new form of
government.
Some thoughts about
Government
• 1. While Democracy must have its
organization and controls, its vital
breath is individual liberty.
—Charles Evan Hughes
• Government is a trust, and the officers
of the government are trustees; and
both the trust and the trustees are
created for the benefit of the people.
—Henry Clay
Creating a New Government
I. Ideas of Government
A. Locke’s Social Contract
1. People Sovereign Rulers
John Locke
B. Montesquieu- Separation &
Balance of Powers
C. Virginia Statue of Religious Freedom
D. Republican Motherhood
E. Each state had its own written
constitutions
Charles de Secondat Montesquieu
Original System of
Government
• II. Articles of Confederation
• John Dickinson
•
A. Loose Alliance
•
B. Power given to state
•
C. One State = One Vote
•
D. Many Restrictions of the Federal
Government
John Dickinson
A Young Nation in Turmoil
III. A Need for Change
A. Shay’s Rebellion
B. 1787 to revise the Articles of
Confederation
1. George Washington Chairman and
55 or 54 delegates
2. Set Guidelines
Image from Shay’s Rebellion
Constitutional Convention
•
•
•
•
•
QuorumMay 25, 1787
Philadelphia
12 of 13 states
(No Rhode
Island) extra
credit if you can
tell me why they
were a no show
• Guidelines
• 1. hold secret
sessions
• 7 states as a
quorum
• 1 state 1 vote
• Majority vote
needed to make
decisions
Delegates to the Constitutional
Convention, 1787
CONNECTICUT: 1 of 3
Oliver Ellsworth
William Samuel Johnson
Roger Sherman
DELAWARE: 3 of 5
Richard Bassett
Gunning Bedford
Jacob Broom
John Dickinson
George Read
MARYLAND: 1 of 5
Daniel Carroll
Daniel of St. Thomas
Jenifer
Luther Martin
James McHenry
John Francis Mercer
NEW JERSEY: 3 of 5
David Brearly
Jonathan Dayton
William Churchill
Houston
William Livingston
William Paterson
NEW HAMPSHIRE:2of 2 NEW YORK: 2 of 3
Nicholas Gilman
Alexander Hamilton
John Langdon
John Lansing
Robert Yates
GEORGIA: 2 of 4
PENNSYLVANIA: 4 of 8
Abraham Baldwin
George Clymer
William Few
Thomas Fitzsimons
NORTH CAROLINA: 3
William Houstoun
of 5
Benjamin Franklin
William Pierce
William Blount
Jared Ingersoll
William Davie
MASSACHUSETTS:3of 4 Thomas Mifflin
Alexander Martin
Gouverneur Morris
Elbridge Gerry
Richard Dobbs Spaight
Robert Morris
Nathaniel Gorham
Hugh Williamson
James Wilson
Rufus King
Pierce Butler
Caleb Strong
South Carolina 2 of 4
Charles Pinckney
Charles Cotesworth
Pinckney
John Rutledge
VIRGINIA: 3 of 7
John Blair
James McClurg
James Madison
George Mason
Edmund Randolph
George Washington
George Wythe
DELAWARE: 3 of 5
Richard Bassett
Gunning Bedford
Jacob Broom
John Dickinson
George Read
What are we going to
learn today???
• 1. Explain how the Virginia Plan called
for a stronger federal government
• 2. Outline the major compromises that
were reflected in the Constitution.
• 3. Discuss why the Antifederalists
opposed the Constitution, and how the
Federalists responded.
• 4. Recount why it was important that
all 13 states ratified the Constitution.
What were the big
debates?
• How much power to be given to the
people?
• The representation of the small
and large states?
• How to regulate commerce and the
slave trade?
Will We Really Last as a
New Nation?
C. Compromises
1. Virginia Plan
(presented by Randolph,
drafted by Madison)
a. Federalism
b. 3 Branches of
Government
c. two-houses based on
population
2. New Jersey Plan
(Patterson)
a. One House
b. Equal Representation
Edmund Randolph
William Patterson
James Madison
Can’t We All Just Get
Along?
3. Great Compromise
(Sherman)
a. Bicameral- two houses
b. upper –(equal)
lower – (population)
Roger Sherman
Other Compromises
4. 3/5 Compromise (Slavery) (N v. S)
James Wilson and Roger Sherman
a. taxation
b. representation
5. Restriction of the Slave Trade
a. importation of slaves until
end of 1807
James Wilson
b. slave owners could pursue
runaway slaves
Another Major Compromise
6. Compromise over commerce
(N v. S)
Economic Differences
a. tariffs
b. imports not exports
Ratification
• IV. What was/is Ratification?
• A. Federalists-(Strong National Government)
• B. Anti-Federalists-(Strong State Government)
• C. June 21, 1788 ratified by 9 states
Why was it important that all the states ratify
the Constitution?
State by state, the constitution was approved.
Date Approved
1. Delaware
2. Pennsylvania
3. New Jersey
4. Georgia
5. Connecticut
6. Massachusetts
7. Maryland
8. South Carolina
9. New Hampshire
10. Virginia
11. New York
12. North Carolina
13. Rhode Island
Vote for Ratification
For
12/7/1787
12/12/1787
Against
Unanimous
46
23
12/18/1787
Unanimous
1/2/1788
Unanimous
1/9/1788
128
40
2/6/1788
187
168
4/28/1788
63
11
5/23/1788
149
73
6/21/1788
57
46
6/26/1788
89
79
7/26/1788
30
27
11/21/1789
197
77
5/29/1790
34
32
Adopted: July 2nd, 1788
In Effect: March 4th, 1789
Constitution
Homework Assignment

You are to create a piece of literary work or
some kind of artwork which will be supportive
for either Federalist
 Anti-Federalist