Matter can be described by its PHYSICAL
or/and CHEMICAL properties.
MASS is an EXTENSIVE property of matter that is
defined as the amount of material contained in a
body/object.
LENGTH is an EXTENSIVE property of matter that
deals with the measurement of the objects
dimensions.
VOLUME is an EXTENSIVE property of matter
that tells about the amount of space it occupies.
FOR REGULAR OBJECTS
vol of rectangular solid = (l)(w)(h)
vol of cube = (side) (side) (side)
vol of cylinder = πr2h
FOR IRREGULAR OBJECTS
Water displacement method
DENSITY is the ratio of a material’s mass to its
volume. It is an INTENSIVE property of matter
•
Density = Mass / Volume
MELTING POINT is the temperature at which
substances change from solid to liquid is an
INTENSIVE property of matter.
BOILING POINT is the temperature at which a
substance begins to bubble up and vaporize is
another INTENSIVE property of matter.
SOLUBILITY is an INTENSIVE property of matter
that tells about the ability of substance to
DISSOLVE in another substance.
ODOR, COLOR, SPECIFIC GRAVITY and
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY are other
INTENSIVE properties of matter.
Chemical Properties of matter describe the
behavior of a substance with another and involve
changes in the composition of a material.
coal (substance)
burning/combustion
– Milk substances - curdles
in vinegar
SPECIAL /SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF
SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GAS
SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
Hardness – property to resist being scratched
or deformed.
Tenacity – resistance of solid to being pulled
apart.
SPECIAL /SPECIFIC PROPERTIES
OF SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GAS
• Malleability
ability to be
hammered
into thin
sheets.
• Ductility
property to be
drawn into fine
wires.
IMPENETRABILITY is
when two objects
cannot occupy the
same space at the
same time.
POROSITY is the
presence of pores or
spaces between
particles of matter.
Elasticity – ability of some solids to return to
their former size and shape when the
deforming force is removed.
Plasticity – allows solid to be formed or shaped
in different ways.
Flexibility – ability of solids to be bent without
breaking.
SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF
LIQUIDS
– EVAPORATION
– DIFFUSION – mixing of liquids from a greater
concentration to a lower concentration.
– OSMOSIS – diffusion through a MEMBRANE.
– CAPILLIARITY
– ADHESION
– COHESION
SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF
LIQUIDS
• VISCOSITY – thickness
of a liquid
SURFACE TENSION
• BUOYANCY – pressure
exerted by liquid
molecules in all
directions; upward force
(push) of water molecules
• EXPANSION – movement
of molecules of liquid due
to heat
MISCIBILITY is the ability of a liquid to DIFFUSE
in another liquid
Immiscible
liquids (oil
and water)
SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF
GASES
–
–
–
–
Gases are often INVISIBLE but
PERCEPTIBLE.
COMPRESSIBILITY – property of
gases to be squeezed or
compressed, thus, its volume
decreases.
BUOYANCY – upward force
exerted by molecules of gases
PRESSURE – force exerted by the
molecules of gas over an area.