Section 1: Properties of Matter
Most common substances exist as solids, liquids, and gases, which
have diverse physical and chemical properties.
K
What I Know
W
What I Want to Find Out
L
What I Learned
• 4(A) Differentiate between physical and chemical changes and
properties.
• 3(A) In all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific
explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and
experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides
of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to
encourage critical thinking by the student.
• 4(B) identify extensive and intensive properties.
• 4(C) compare solids, liquids, and gases in terms of compressibility,
structure, shape, and volume.
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Properties of Matter
Essential Questions
• What characteristics identify a substance?
• What distinguishes physical properties from chemical
properties?
• How do the properties of the physical states of matter differ?
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Properties of Matter
Vocabulary
Review
New
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states of matter
solid
liquid
gas
vapor
physical property
extensive property
intensive property
chemical property
Properties of Matter
Substances
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter is everything around
us. Matter with a uniform and unchanging composition is a substance. Much of
your chemistry course will be focused on the composition of substances and how
they interact with one another.
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Properties of Matter
States of Matter
The physical forms of matter, either solid, liquid, or gas, are called the states of
matter.
Solids are a form of matter that have their own definite
shape and volume.
Liquids are a form of matter that have a definite
volume but take the shape of the container.
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Properties of Matter
States of Matter
Gases have no definite shape or volume. They expand
to fill their container.
Vapor refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is
a solid or liquid at room temperature.
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Properties of Matter
Three Common States of Matter
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Properties of Matter
Physical Properties of Matter
A physical property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured
without changing the sample’s composition.
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Properties of Matter
Physical Properties of Matter
Extensive properties, such as mass, length, and volume, are dependent on the
amount of substance present.
Intensive properties, such as density, are dependent on the what the substance
is not how much there is.
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Properties of Matter
Chemical Properties of Matter
The ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other
substances is called a chemical property. Examples include:
• Iron forming rust
• Copper turning green in the air
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Properties of Matter
Observing Properties of Matter
A substance can change form—an important concept in chemistry. Both physical
and chemical properties can change with specific environmental conditions, such
as temperature and pressure.
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Properties of Matter
Review
Essential Questions
• What characteristics identify a substance?
• What distinguishes physical properties from chemical
properties?
• How do the properties of the physical states of matter differ?
Vocabulary
• states of matter
• solid
• liquid
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• gas
• vapor
• physical property
• extensive property
• intensive property
• chemical property
Properties of Matter
Video Lab