Chapter 23
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
Section 1: Objectives
•
List four main parts of the cardiovascular
system, and describe their functions.
•
Describe the two types of circulation of
blood in the body.
•
List four cardiovascular problems.
Cardiovascular System
•
The cardiovascular system consists of
the heart and the three types of blood
vessels that carry blood throughout your
body.
•
The blood vessels—arteries, capillaries,
and veins—carry blood pumped by the
heart.
Cardiovascular System

Your heart is an organ made mostly of
cardiac muscle tissue. It is about the size
of your fist and is almost in the center of
your chest cavity.
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System
•
Arteries are blood vessels that carry
blood away from the heart and to the
body’s organs.
•
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that
allow the exchange between body cells
and blood.
Cardiovascular System

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood
back to the heart.
Cardiovascular System
•
Pulmonary circulation is the flow of
blood from the heart to the lungs and
back to the heart through the pulmonary
arteries, capillaries, and veins.
•
Systemic circulation is the flow of
blood from the heart to all parts of the
body and back to the heart.
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System

Atherosclerosis happens when
cholesterol builds up inside of the blood
vessels. Artherosclerosis is a major cause
of heart diseases.
Cardiovascular System
Hypertension is abnormally high blood
pressure.The higher the blood pressure,
the greater the risk of a heart attack,
heart failure, kidney disease, and stroke.
 A heart attack happens when heart
muscle cells die and part of the heart
muscle is damaged. Heart failure happens
when the heart cannot pump enough
blood to meet the body’s needs.

Section 1 Pop Quiz
1) List the 3 types of blood vessels.
 2) List 1 place where cardiac muscle is
located.
 3) What is the difference between ateries
and veins?
 4) What is artherosclerosis?
 5) What is hypertension?

Section 2: Objectives
•
Identify the four main components of
blood.
•
Describe three functions of blood.
•
Explain how blood pressure is measured.
•
Explain what the ABO blood types are and
why they are important.
Blood Components
•
•
Blood is a connective tissue that carries
gases, nutrients, and wastes through the
body.
Plasma is the fluid part of blood.
• Plasma is a mixture of water, minerals, nutrients,
sugars, proteins, and other substances.
•
Red Blood Cells Most blood cells are red
blood cells (RBCs).
• RBCs take oxygen to every cell in your body.
Blood Components
Platelets are pieces of larger cells found
in bone marrow.
 When you cut yourself, platelets help
blood clot.

Blood Components
•
White Blood Cells (WBCs) help keep
you healthy by destroying pathogens.
WBCs also help clean wounds.
•
WBCs also keep you healthy by
destroying body cells that have died or
been damaged.
Blood Components

Your blood does more than supply your
cells with oxygen and nutrients.

It also helps regulate your body
temperature.

The force exerted by blood on the inside
walls of arteries is called blood
pressure.
Blood Components
Every person has one of four blood types:
A, B, AB, or O.
 Your blood type refers to the type of
antigens you have on the surface of your
RBCs.

Blood Components

A transfusion is the injection of blood or
blood components into a person to
replace blood that has been lost.

Blood type is an important consideration
of a blood transfusion.
Section 3: Objectives
•
Describe the relationship between the
lymphatic system and the circulatory
system.
•
Identify six parts of the lymphatic
system, and describe their functions.
The Lymphatic System

The lymphatic system is the group of
organs and tissues that collect excess
fluid and return it to your blood.
The Lymphatic System

The smallest vessels of the lymphatic
system are lymph capillaries. The fluid and
particles absorbed into lymph capillaries
are called lymph.
The Lymphatic System
•
•
•
Bone Marrow is the soft tissue inside of
bones.
Bone marrow is where most red and
white blood cells, including lymphocytes,
are produced.
Lymph Nodes are small, bean-shaped
masses of tissue that remove pathogens
and dead cells from the lymph.
The Lymphatic System
•
The thymus is the gland that produces T
cells that are ready to fight infection.
•
Your spleen is the largest lymphatic
organ.
•
The spleen stores and produces
lymphocytes.
The Lymphatic System
Tonsils are lymphatic tissue
in the nasal cavity and at the
back of the mouth on
either side of the tongue.
Tonsils help defend the
body against infection.

Section 4: Objectives
•
•
•
•
Describe the parts of the respiratory
system and their functions.
Explain how breathing happens.
Discuss the relationship between the
respiratory system and the cardiovascular
system.
Identify two respiratory disorders.
The Respiratory System
•
Respiration is the process by which a body gets
and uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide and
water.
• Breathing is only one part of respiration.
•
The second part of respiration is cellular
respiration, which involves chemical reactions that
release energy from food.
•
The respiratory system is the group of organs
that take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide.
The Respiratory System
Your nose is the main
passageway into and out
of the respiratory system.
From the nose, air flows
into the pharynx, or
throat. The larynx is
the part of the throat
that contains the vocal
chords.

The Respiratory System
The larynx guards the entrance to a large
tube called the trachea, or windpipe.
 The trachea splits into two branches
called bronchi.
 One bronchus connects to each lung.
 In the lungs, each bronchus branches into
bronchioles, which branch to form
thousands of tiny sacs that are called
alveoli.

The Respiratory System
The Respiratory System




Breathing is done by the diaphragm and rib
muscles.
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle
beneath the lungs.
In cellular respiration, oxygen is used by cells
to release energy stored in molecules of
glucose.
When you breathe, you take in oxygen,
which diffuses into red blood cells and is
carried to tissue cells.
The Respiratory System
The Respiratory System
•
Respiratory disorders include asthma,
emphysema, and severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS).
•
Asthma causes the bronchioles to
narrow. An asthma attack may be
triggered by irritants such as dust or
pollen.
•
SARS is caused by a virus.
Circulatory/Respiratory Concept
Map
Circulatory/Respiratory Concept
Map