Review…
Let’s look at…
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•
•
•
Figure 1-8
Figure 1-13
Figure 1-9
Figure1-10
The
CIRCULATORY system…
• “Closed”… an understanding achieved by
William Harvey in the seventeenth century.
• Circulates blood.
• Blood is a tissue.
• What is a tissue, what is in this tissue,
and how do we know?
Definition… (examine it critically)
•Blood: the fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries,
capillaries, and veins of a vertebrate animal carrying
nourishment and oxygen to and bringing away waste
products from all parts of the body
•Lymph: a pale, coagulable fluid that bathes the tissues,
passes into lymphatic channels and ducts, is discharged into
the blood by way of the thoracic duct, and consists of liquid
portion resembling blood plasma and containing white blood
cells but normally no red blood cells.
•Plasma: the fluid part of blood or lymph as distinguished
from suspended material
•Serum: The watery portion of an animal fluid remaining after
coagulation.
“Formed elements” = cells
• There are two types of cells:
• red blood cells (or erythrocytes)
• white blood cells (or leukocytes)
– There are two types of leukocytes:
» Granulocytes (70%)
» Agranuloctyes (30%)
Granulocytes are:
neutrophils, eosinophils, & basophils
Agranulocytes are:
lymphocytes & monocytes
“THE CENTRAL CELL OF THE
IMMUNE SYSTEM IS THE
LYMPHOCYTE, WHICH
ACCOUNTS FOR ROUGHLY
25% OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS
IN THE BLOOD AND 99% OF
THE CELLS IN THE LYMPH.”
• An average sized, adult, human male has about 6 quarts (5.6
liters) of blood.
• RBC: about 4.5 - 6 x 106 / cubic millimeter; exchange O2 and
CO2; develop in bone marrow; 120 day life time; destroyed in
spleen...
•
leukocytes: about 5,000 - 10,000/ cubic millimeter; (the number
increases with infection)
• leukemia: an extraordinary and prolonged proliferation of
leukocytes; usually fatal...
• leukopenia: a sharp decrease in number of leukocytes;
also fatal due to a loss of defense...
Note these equivalencies…
1
liter
= 1000
cubic centimeters = 1000 milliliters
1 milliliter
= 1
cubic centimeter
1 milliliter
= 1000
cubic millimeters
1 microliter = 1
cubic millimeter
OK… that’s who the cells are…
But where do they originate?
http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/primer.htm
Stimuli
• Multi Lineage Colony Stimulating Factor
(Multi-CSF) a.k.a. IL-3 (interleukin-3)
• Granulocyte-Macrophage Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)
• Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor
• Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor
• ErythroPOietin (EPO)
(M-CSF)
(G-CSF)
Where do the cells go?