George Washington
• Washington- elected 1789
• The Electoral College
• First Actions
– Bill of Rights
– Create a cabinet
• Two of key members of
Washington’s cabinet
were Thomas Jefferson,
Alexander Hamilton
The Whiskey Rebellion
• In 1791, Congress imposed a direct tax on the
manufacture of whiskey
• Western farmers, the main manufactures of whiskey,
rebelled against the tax in 1794
• You are President Washington, in charge of a new
country, what would you do? Keep the people
happy, or show them who is boss – why.
• Washington orders 15,000 troops to put down the
rebellion
• The rebels disperse without fighting, ending the
rebellion
What message did the new government send by ordering
troops to put down the rebellion?
FOCUS- Who would have agreed with this
opinion…A Federalist or DemocraticRepublican?
1. Only a strong central government will promote
prosperity.
2. The country’s success is dependent on the farmers,
not on the growth of cities and manufacturing.
3. The Federal Government, if it becomes too
powerful, will trample peoples’ rights.
4. We need to loosely interpret the Constitution and
give flexibility to the power of the Federal
Government.
What did Washington do?
• He was AGAINST political parties
• SO…do you think he joined one?
• Along with addressing the nation’s debt,
Washington also set many PRECEDENTS
during his presidency
– Term length
– Neutrality
– He tried to set a precedent in regards to
political parties, but…
Washington’s farewell address
-Summarize each point in your notes
•
•
•
•
•
•
Extolls the benefits of the federal government. "The unity of government...is a main pillar in the
edifice of your real independence...of your tranquility at home, your peace abroad; of your safety;
of your prosperity; of that very liberty which you so highly prize."
Warns against the party system. "It serves to distract the Public Councils, and enfeeble the Public
Administration....agitates the Community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms; kindles the
animosity of one....against another....it opens the door to foreign influence and corruption...thus
the policy and the will of one country are subjected to the policy and will of another."
Stresses the importance of religion and morality. "Where is the security for property, for
reputation, for life, if the sense of religious obligation desert the oaths, which are the instruments
of investigation in Courts of Justice?"
On stable public credit. "...cherish public credit. One method of preserving it is to use it as sparingly
as possible...avoiding likewise the accumulation of debt....it is essential that you...bear in mind, that
towards the payments of debts there must be Revenue, that to have Revenue there must be taxes;
that no taxes can be devised, which are not...inconvenient and unpleasant..."
Warns against permanent foreign alliances. "It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent
alliances with any portion of the foreign world..."
On an over-powerful military establishment. "...avoid the necessity of those overgrown military
establishments, which, under any form of government, are inauspicious to liberty, and which are to
be regarded as particularly hostile to Republican Liberty.”
How well do you think our country has taken Washington’s advice on each topic?
Explain using real life examples from today.
The Next President…
• John Adams
– Political party? (hint: he agreed with Hamilton)
– He did try to follow Washington’s precedent of neutrality
• Tensions increase with France with the XYZ affair
• Tension led to a quasi-war (but not a war)
– Response to the XYZ affair: distrust of foreigners and America’s
first anti-immigrant action
• Alien and Sedition Acts
– This was not only about quieting the voices of foreigners, it was meant to
quiet the voices of the Democrat-Republicans, the political party that
many foreigners joined
• The election of 1800- the demise of Hamilton
– After a 3 way split of electoral college votes, the House of
Representatives chose Jefferson
Alien and Sedition Acts
•
•
•
•
The Naturalization Act (officially An Act to Establish a Uniform Rule of
Naturalization; ch. 54, 1 Stat. 566) extended the duration of residence required
for aliens to become citizens of the United States.
The Alien Friends Act (officially An Act Concerning Aliens; ch. 58, 1 Stat. 570)
authorized the president to deport any resident alien considered "dangerous to
the peace and safety of the United States." It was activated June 25, 1798, with
a two year expiration date.
The Alien Enemies Act (officially An Act Respecting Alien Enemies; ch. 66,
1 Stat. 577) authorized the president to apprehend and deport resident aliens if
their home countries were at war with the United States of America. Enacted
July 6, 1798, and providing no sunset provision, the act remains intact today as
50 U.S.C. § 21–24. At the time, war was considered likely between the U.S. and
France.
The Sedition Act (officially An Act for the Punishment of Certain Crimes against
the United States; ch. 74, 1 Stat. 596) made it a crime to publish "false,
scandalous, and malicious writing" against the government or its officials. It was
enacted July 14, 1798, with an expiration date of March 3, 1801 (the day before
Adams' presidential term was to end).
What would the reaction be to a law like this in the United States today?
Thomas
Jefferson
• The Louisiana
Purchase
• Lewis and
Clark
• Establishment of Judicial Review
– The Supreme Court’s power to decide
whether or not an action made by the
government (this includes laws) abide by the
Constitution (“constitutional”)
Louisiana Purchase
• The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 more than doubled the size of the
United States, setting the stage for the continued westward migration
of Americans throughout the 1800s.
• The Louisiana Purchase included a huge area west of the Mississippispecifically the lands drained by the Missouri River.
• The lands had reverted from the French to the Spanish after the 1763
Treaty of Paris (Seven Years’ War), but in 1800, the French leader
(Napoleon) convinced Spain to give France the lands in exchange for
French aid in gaining territory in Europe.
• Jefferson sought to intervene diplomatically, attempting to block the
deal, or at least gain concessions from France- full access to the
Mississippi and New Orleans, for example.
• In 1803, Napoleon sold the territory, including New Orleans, to the
United States for roughly $15,000,000. The United States now
controlled the entire Mississippi River drainage.
Lewis and Clark Expedition
• Even before the Louisiana Purchase, Jefferson was planning
an expedition to explore and map areas west of the
Mississippi. He chose his personal secretary, Meriwether
Lewis, to lead the expedition.
• William Clark joined Lewis to co-lead the expedition, which
was charged with exploring the western reaches of the
Missouri River, and ascertaining a route to the Pacific.
• In May 1804, the “Corps of Discovery” set out from St.
Louis, traveled up the Missouri River, crossed the Rocky
Mountains, finally reaching the Pacific near present
Portland, Oregon. Lewis and Clark returned over 2 years
after they had begun. Their epic journey greatly increased
knowledge of the west.
Route of Lewis and Clark Expedition
Lewis and Clark writing assignment
• Using your knowledge of the Lewis and Clark
expedition and a current map of the U.S.,
make a list of the challenges you think the
Corp of Discovery will face on their journey
• Using that information, and the list of supplies
brought along, write a historical fiction short
story describing the journey of the Corp of
Discovery and the adventures and challenges
the members may have faced.
Background to War of 1812
• England stealing American sailors Impressment
• England arming Native Americans on the
frontier and encouraging them to attack
American settlers
• War hawks – pg 215. – find the Thesis and 2
SFI’s
The War of 1812
• By 1812 trade restrictions between the Americans and the British had
been lifted
• The U.S. however
declared war on Britain
and launched an
unsuccessful attack on
British Canada
• After raiding, and burning
Washington D.C., the
British are turned back in
Baltimore.
Creating a National Identity
General Andrew Jackson
• Jackson defeated the Red Stick Indians at the
battle of Horseshoe creek
• Jackson protected frontier framers in the
south by invading Spanish Florida
• Jackson “saved the day” by winning the Battle
of New Orleans.
• Everyone loves Jackson, everyone is proud to
be American!
The Death of the Federalist Party
• Pg 218 & 219 – create a cause and effect map showing
how the federalists lost their power
• Opposed the war
– Considered secession and peace with England before the
war was over – looks cowardly.
• Tried to pass laws strengthening New England – looks
selfish
– Bad timing – they make their demands the same
time victory is declared.
AMERICANS VOTE THEM OUT – never to be heard from
again.
American Nationalism
• During the Era of Good Feelings (and after the
War of 1812), American nationalism surged
– PRIDE
• Many decisions are made that make the national
government in America bigger and stronger
• Technology improves the nation
• Which party is in charge now?
• And, American neutrality transforms into
American ISOLATION
– What is the difference?
Cause and Effect assignment.
• Create a cause and effect map dealing with
the war of 1812
• Answer in a paragraph (a good one, with topic
sentence and supporting facts) Why did the
US go to war with Britain and what was the
outcome?
• Due Wednesday.
Erie Canal
• Completed in 1825, it
allowed goods to be
shipped by water from
NYC to the west
• The canal boats could
carry greater loads than
wagons
• The 365 mile canal was
dug by hand, mainly by
Irish immigrants
How did the
change you
see in this
map effect
the life of
people in the
united
states? Was
this a
positive or
negative
change?
Explain.
Erie Canal
• The Erie Canal helped turn NYC into a major port
leading to an increase in the city’s population and
the development of industries
Jackson’s travels
• Read the excerpt from Andrew Jackson’s
biography and complete the following
assignment.
• Create a before and after poster (using two
sheets of paper) demonstrating how travel has
improved and how it effected American’s lives
prior to 1860.
SCAMS
1
2
1.
2.
How are the messages of these two cartoons similar?
What, according to these cartoons, does the Monroe
Doctrine say?
The Monroe Doctrine
• Named after President
James Monroe
-Issued in 1823, the
Doctrine marked the start
of the U.S. policy of
preventing European
powers from further
colonizing and interfering
with western hemisphere
countries