Preparing To Search
The Internet
Helping Students Search
Effectively
Mrs. Kotsch
Librarian
St. Elizabeth Ann Seton School c2004
Surfing is not
searching.
“Computers download information—
• They do not teach you to think.
• Computer education imparts technical
skills;
• It does not impart knowledge.”
•
John Rosemond
“Not all the information that exists in
the world is on the Internet-Not all the information that is on the
Internet is accurate.”
Mrs. Kotsch
An hour on the Web may
not answer a question that
you could find within two
minutes of picking up a
reference book.
Getting Started Searching
• URL’s
• Searching techniques
• Search engines
URL’s
•
•
•
•
Uniform Resource Locator
The web “address” that connects you with a website
Goes in the address bar at the top of the screen
Gives you information about the website
Parts of a URL
http://www.starwars.com/seminars.html
• http://--hypertext transfer protocol:
•
the language computers use to “talk” to one another
• www—world wide web:
•
the body of information connected by the cables and computers of the Internet
•
.starwars—domain name:
•
the structured, alphabetic-based, unique name for a computer on a network
•
.com—top
level domain:
•
gives an idea of where the document is stored
•
/seminars—file
•
a folder within a website
•
.html—hypertext
•
the computer language used to format documents
name:
markup language:
Top Level Domains
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
.edu—higher education
.k-12—elementary and secondary schools
.com—commercial
.gov—government agency
.mil—military
.org—general noncommercial organization
.net—computer network
Who Pays For The Internet?
•
•
•
•
Advertisers pay for Internet websites.
Popups and banners are trying to influence your spending habits.
The information on commercial sites--.com—may be presented in such
a way as to encourage you to buy a particular product.
Be wary of URL’s with a ~ in the address—this indicates a personal
homepage and does not guarnantee accuracy.
How Do You Find What You Need?
• Libraries and department stores are planned.
• No one is in charge of organizing the Internet.
• Well-prepared searches will eliminate useless hits and
wasted time.
Before you search, you need to:
• Prepare
• Organize
• Combine
Prepare
• What do you need to know about your topic?
• Make a list of all the terms connected with your topic.
• Include names, organizations, and phrases.
Organize
•
•
•
Make a list of the words that are critical to your search.
Note terms that you don’t want to see appear.
Discard the rest.
For example…
If you are looking for information about life on the planet Mars, you
don’t want sites popping up about the Roman god of war.
Put that in your list of words you don’t want to see.
What other words might be connected with your topic that will send you to
useless sites?
Combine
Use Boolean operators to combine your most
important terms.
•
•
•
•
•
Use AND to connect the terms you want to see.
Use NOT to exclude terms you don’t want.
Use OR to include similar terms.
Use quotation marks around names or phrases
Use lower case for all proper nouns, except for acronyms
For example…
mars AND planet AND life NOT god
But what if…
you WERE looking for information about the Roman god of war?
The Greeks referred to him as “Ares”, so now your search will look
like this….
mars OR ares AND “god of war”
Notice the quotation marks around the phrase “god of war”
What Do You Use To Search?
• Search engines
• Search directories
• Metasearchers
Search Engines
• Are like the index in the back of a book
• Let you search for specific words and topics
• Use robots known as spiders to search for
information.
Examples:
•
•
•
•
Alta Vista
Excite
Hotbot
Infoseek
Search Directories-•Are like the table of contents
in front of a book
•Let you search for concepts or subject
categories
• Go from general to specific.
•Sites are added by people.
Examples:
• Internet Public Library
Instead of looking through the
categories in a search directory, you
can put in your terms in their search
bar, but it will only look through the
sites that have been included within
that directory—not the entire web,
unless indicated.
Metasearchers-• Sends your search terms to several other
search engines at once.
• Gives an overview of a topic across the
Internet.
Examples:
• Profusion
• Dogpile
• Metacrawler
Remember….
• Hits are returned and ranked according to-•
•
•
•
How
How
How
How
many times terms appear on the page
often terms appear
close terms are to each other
near the top of the page the terms are found
• The best results will appear on the first page
or two of hits
• No two search engines are alike. Try another
search engine, or rephrase your terms if you
don’t get good results.
More Searching Help-• 7 Steps to Better Searching
Evaluating Websites
“Let the buyer beware”
Book publishers weed out inaccurate information.
No one checks the Internet for accuracy.
Before you start using the
information--
EVALUATE!
Who is the author?
• Is he an authority on the subject?
• Does she have an e-mail address?
Is the information accurate?
• Can it be verified in an encyclopedia?
• Is it relevant to your topic?
• Does the author indicate where he found the
information?
Is the information prejudiced?
• Is it trying to persuade you to another point of view?
• Is it trying to persuade you to buy a product?
Is the information current?
• When was the last time the website was updated?
• Are the links broken?
Evaluation Website
• Quality Information Checklist
•Benefits of Colloidal Silver
•Burger King Introduces…
Copyright Issues
• What can you copy?
• Give credit to what you have used.
Copyright
• Is the legal right of an author or artist to control the
copying and use of their creative works.
• Taking something without permission is theft,
including text and pictures from the Internet.
• Using someone else’s words without giving credit is
called plagiarism.
• “Fair Use” concept lets teachers and students use
portions of copyrighted works without permission.
What is protected by
copyright?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Literary works
Computer software
Musical works
Dramatic works
Motion pictures
Sound recordings
Before you copy, check the
Fair Use Guidelines:
• Am I using this for a nonprofit,
educational purpose?
• Am I only using a small portion?
• Will the creator be deprived of future
profits?
What can students copy?
•
•
•
•
•
A single , hard copy for personal or educational use.
Limited amounts of websites.
Copies cannot be used for public or commercial use.
Students must cite the source of their information.
For multi-media projects:
•
•
•
Video clips—10% or three minutes
Music—10% but no more than 30 seconds.
Text—10% or 1000 words
For copyright help, refer to:
• The diocesan copyright policy
• COPYRIGHT FOR SCHOOLS, by Carol
Simpson
• Copyright Bay
• Copyright Kids
• Cyberbee Copyright
Citing a website
• Last name, first name of author.
•
If there is no author listed, begin with the title.
• “Title of article within the website.”
•
Put quote marks around the title
• Name of website.
•
Underline the name
• Date article was written.
•
Put the date first, then abbreviate the month.
• Date you accessed the article.
• URL.
•
If the URL won’t fit on one line, break it at a slash. Include the entire URL, not just the one for the home
page.
More Help For Works Cited:
• MLA Style
• Citation Machine
Example:
Adams, Joyce. “How Vatican II changed the face of the
Catholic Church.” Catholic News Service. 2 Sept. 2003.
13 Oct. 2003 <http://www.catholicnews.net/
vatican.html> .
Staying Safe On-line
• Don’t give out personal information.
•
(phone number, address, pictures)
• Use Christian courtesy in e-mails and chat rooms.
• Don’t arrange to meet with someone from online
without telling your parents.
• Do tell your parents about inappropriate websites
that you run across.
• Be careful what you post in a public forum.
*
Remember:
You leave “electronic footprints” wherever you
go on the web.
Works Cited
• Books
•
•
Jones, Debra. Exploring the Internet. New York: Neal-Schuman
Publishers, Inc., 1999.
Simpson, Carol, and McElmeel, Sharron L. Internet for Schools: A
Practical Guide, 3rd ed. Worthington, Ohio: Linworth Publishing,Inc.,
2000.
• Websites
• Adams, Helen, and Beyers, Catherine. “Lesson 2: Finding
Information on the Internet.” American Library Association.
Dec. 15, 2003.
<http://www.ala.org/cfapps/archive.cfm?path=ICONNfclesson2.
html>.
•Dodge, Bernie. “Seven Steps to Better Searching.” San Diego State
University College of Education. July 8, 1999. 15 Nov.
2001.<http://projects.edtech.sandi.net/staffdev/tpss99/searching/
sevensteps.htm.>
Knowledge is power.
Librarians Rule.