How Do Natural Forces
Change & Shape Our Planet?
LAYERS OF OUR PLANET
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PHYSICAL LAYERS
LITHOSPHERE (SOLID)
ASTHENOSPHERE
(LIQUID)
MESOSPHERE (SOLID)
OUTER CORE (LIQUID)
INNER CORE (SOLID)
CHEMICAL LAYERS
CRUST (Si + O)
MANTLE (Si)
CORE (Fe +Ni)
WHAT IS CONTINENTAL DRIFT?
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ALL LANDMASSES WERE ONCE ONE LARGE
SUPERCONTINENT CALLED PANGEA
HYPOTHESIZED BY ALFRED WEGENER IN 1915
PROOF OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT
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CONTINENTS FIT LIKE PUZZLE PIECES
ROCK EVIDENCE
FOSSIL EVIDENCE
CLIMATIC EVIDENCE
WAS WEGENER’S HYPOTHESIS
ACCEPTED?
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HOW DO THE CONTINENTS
MOVE?
WEGENER PROPOSED THE
EARTH’S ROTATION
HOW COME THE OCEAN
BASINS AREN’T WORN
DOWN BUT THE
CONTINENTS ARE?
HOW PLATE TECTONICS TIES IT
ALL TOGETHER
WHERE CAN WE FIND
EARTHQUAKES & VOLCANOS?
WHAT IS THE ROCK CYCLE?
WHAT ARE MINERALS?
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All
All
All
All
All
minerals
minerals
minerals
minerals
minerals
are solids
are inorganic
are naturally made
have crystalline structures
have a definite chemical composition
WHAT IS WEATHERING?
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Physical: breaking
down of rock (rock
stays same)
Temperature
Ice
Plants & animals
Water
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Chemical: breaking
down of rock (rock
changes)
Oxidation
Plants
Carbonation
Acids
Water
WHAT IS EROSION?
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Picking up of rock and moving
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WATER
WIND
ICE/GLACIERS
GRAVITY
WHAT IS DEPOSITION?
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Depositing of rocks
How is Soil Created?
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Soil production involves a dynamic interaction
among mineral particles, detritus and members
of the detritus food web
Soil Profiles
Soil Texture
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Refers to the relative
proportions of sand,
silt and clay.
Particle size and
density determine
properties such as
porosity (how much
water soil can hold)
and permeability (how
fast water travels
through the soil).