The Civil War
1861-1865
Music Credit: http://www.txrebel.com/dixie.html
The War Between States Background
• The war lasted from
1861 to 1865
• The war started and
ended at Wilmer
McLean’s house
Picture Credit:
http://www.26nc.org/PhotoGallery/CommandChangePhotos/McLeanHouseMusic.jpg
Main Causes Background
• State’s Rights
• Slavery
• Cotton Gin by Eli
Whitney in 1793
• Preserving the
Union
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin
by Harriet Beecher
Stowe
• Slave vs. Free
States
Picture Credit: http://www.disciples.org/convo/Slavery.jpg
Advantages
 Southern
Advantages:
 Better Generals
 Stronger motivation
 Global demand for
cotton
 North would have to
conquer southern
territory to win.
• Northern
Advantages:
• More People
• More factories
• More food
• Better railroads
Civil War Facts
• 1/2 million people
were killed or
wounded in the Civil
War
• 60 % of the fighting
took place in Virginia
Picture Credit: volusia.com/civilwar/
Leadership
Southern Leaders
Jefferson Davis
Robert E. Lee
Joseph E. Johnston
Thomas J. (Stonewall)
Jackson
James Longstreet
P.G.T. Beauregard
Braxton Bragg
James Ewell Brown (JEB)
Stuart
Nathan Bedford Forrest
Northern Leaders
Abraham Lincoln
Ulysses S. Grant
William Tecumseh Sherman
George McClellan
Ambrose Burnside
George Armstrong Custer
George G. Meade
North
South
23 States
11 States
Union
Confederate
Yankee
Rebel
Blue Coats
Grey Coats
USA
CSA
Army of the Potomac
River
Virginia
Federal
Picture Credit: http://www.historyplace.com/civilwar/cwar-pix/civmap.gif
• Abolitionist were
people who wanted
to end slavery or get
rid of it.
• Frederick Douglass
(on left) was a wellknown abolitionist.
Picture Credit: http://www.historyplace.com/lincoln/lincpix/fred-doug.jpg
Abe Lincoln vs. Jefferson Davis
http://www.lincolnstore.com/page5.html
KEY BATTLES
Front Sumter, South Carolina
• Since South Carolina had
seceded from the United
States, it didn’t want
Northern soldiers on its land
at Fort Sumter
• Southern General Bueargard
tried to get the northern
general Anderson to
peacefully surrender Fort
Sumter.
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Fort Sumter
• The first major battle
of the Civil War began
on April 12, 1861.
• After 2 days, the
North surrendered to
the South.
• No one was killed but
1 soldier who was
killed when a cannon
backfired during the
surrendering
ceremony.
Picture Credit: http://library.thinkquest.org/3055/graphics/battles/images/sumteranim.gif
The 1st Manassas or 1st Bull Run, VA
• July 21,1861
• The North had 387
soldiers killed while
the South lost 460.
• The South won the
battle.
Picture Credit: http://www.multied.com/civilwar/Bull.gif
2nd Manassas or 2nd Bull Run, VA
• August 29-30, 1862
• The North lost
16,000 soldiers
while the South lost
only 9,000
• The South won the
battle.
Picture Credit: www.multied.com/civilwar/ SecondManassas.html
• September 17, 1862
• The general for the
Confederates was
Robert E. Lee.
• The general for the
Yankees was
McClellanis known as the
Single bloodiest day in the
Civil War.
Picture Credit: memory.loc.gov/.../newsletter/ august01/feature.html
Antietam
• The Battle took place in
Farmer Miller’s cornfield.
• 23,500 men were killed in
the Bloody lane.
• The name of the bridge
where the confederates
held the Yankees for 4
hours is called, Burnside.
• The south used rocks when
they ran out of
ammunition.
• South won the battle.
Picture Credit: www.trubador.com/bridge.htm
The Battle of Gettysburg, PA
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• The battle of
Gettysburg, PA took
place on July1-3,
1863.
• Major fighting
occurred around Little
Round top hill.
• The North won this
battle.
• On November
19,1863. President
Lincoln gave
Gettysburg Address.
Appomattox Court House
• April 9, 1865 Lee
surrenders to Ulysses
S. Grant at
Appomattox, court
house, Virginia.
Picture Credit:
http://www.26nc.org/PhotoGallery/CommandChangePhotos/McLeanHouseMusic.jpg
Belle Boyd
• She was a Southern spy that
told Jackson that the
Yankees were at Front Royal.
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Stonewall Jackson
• He knew that the Valley was
the bread basket for the
South.
• Edinburg produced the most
wheat.
• Jackson only lost in the
Kenstown.
• He loved to suck on lemons.
• He didn’t use chairs because
he believed that standing
was good for you.
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Robert E. Lee
• He named his horse
Traveller.
• He said, “I don’t see
how we could have an
army without music.”
Lee owned a pet hen.
The hen went with
him everywhere. At
Gettysburg, he had his
Generals help him find
his lost hen.
Picture Credit: www.guyartgallery.com/ civil%20war%20gallery.htm
Trent Affair
On November 8, 1861 Capt. Charles Wilkes of
the U.S. San Jacinto intercepted the British
mailing vessel the Trent and arrested James
Mason and John Slidell.
• This breach of neutrality almost led to war
British view of the Trent Affair
“…that the arrest of Messrs. Mason & Slidell and
forcibly taking them from the Trent, a British
merchant or transport vessel, was not justified by
the law of nations; and that the British Cabinet were
united in sending a despatch to Lord
Lyon, protesting against the act, and demanding
satisfaction by the restoration of the prisoners and a
suitable apology for the insult to the British Flag.
[Cut] It may be said that one of two things must
happen-- Either, this Government must submit to
the demand thus made upon it by Great Britain, or
take the hazards of a war at a most inconvenient
time to settle a point of international law by resort to
arms.” Letter from M.Fillmore 12/16/1861
French View of the Trent Affair
“His strong point is that the Trent was sailing from
one neutral point to another; a perfectly immaterial
circumstance, in view of the fact that she carried
dispatches and officers of the rebel Government. Sir
Wm. Scott always held that the immediate point of
departure and the direct destination were immaterial
if the goods contraband of war actually came from
belligerent ports, or were ultimately destined for
belligerent uses. The practical lesson to be learned
from M. Thouvenel's essay, is that France will not be
on our side in the event of trouble between England
and ourselves.” (In response to M. Thouvenel’s
dispatch) Harper’s Weekly regarding the Trent Affair, January 11, 1862
C.S.S. Alabama 1862
The Confederacy's top performing commerce
raider, Alabama claimed 65 prizes which were
valued at a total of $6 million. Hugely successful in
disrupting Union commerce and inflating
insurance rates, Alabama's cruise led to the use of
additional raiders and had been built in Britain with
the British government's knowledge that the ships
were destined for the Confederacy, the US
Government pursued monetary damages after the
war. Known as the Alabama Claims, the issue
caused a diplomatic crisis that was finally resolved
by the formation of a twelve-man committee which
ultimately awarded damages of $15.5 million in
1872.
The previous is a rendering of the naval battle between in
the infamous CSS raider, Alabama, and the Union
Keasarge. The battle, which took place on June 14th, 1864
in the harbor of Cherbourg, France, was ultimately the last
stand for the Alabama. The international stage was not
insignificant in the mind of the sailors, especially among
the Confederates hoping to assert the legitimacy of their
nascent state. Prior to battle, Alabama Captain Raphael
Semmes made the following remarks:
“Remember that you are in the English Channel, the
theatre of so much of the naval glory of our race, and that
the eyes of all Europe are at this moment upon you. The
flag that floats over you is that of a young Republic, who
bids defiance to her enemies, whenever and wherever
found. Show the world you know how to uphold it!”
(Foreman, 622)
Check Point:
1. How did the Trent Affair illustrate strained
relations between the United States and
Western European powers?
2. Why was the United States upset with Great
Britain with regard to the C.S.S. Alabama?
Abraham Lincoln
• President Abraham
Lincoln on Jan, 1, 1863,
declared the
Emancipation
Proclamation that freed
some slaves!
• President Lincoln’s 4
brother-in-laws were
Confederates.
• He was the 1st
president to wear a
beard.
Picture Credit: www.branchburg.k12.nj.us/.../ Abe%20Main%20Page.htm