DNA Y’all!!!!!
Aka Deoxyribonucleic Acid with
RNA
Wazzup with that name??!!
Well if you breakdown the word
De-oxy-ribo-nucleic Acid it’d go like this…
De, pronounced deee, means remove. Remove
what, you say?
Oxy’s pretty simple, it’s oxygen. Duh. So, it’s a
molecule with an oxygen removed.
Ribo’s short for ribose. Ribose is a type of sugar. Now
it’s a sugar missing an oxygen.
Nucleic means this is found in the nucleus, and acid
means it donates protons.
DNA vs RNA
If you look carefully at both sugar’s number 2 carbons,
deoxyribose, has an oxygen removed. Get it? De-oxy.
Coolio huh.
RNA, is ribonucleic acid.
Remember polymers?
Remember proteins, fats, and carbohydrates? Well, the
last class of macromolecules are called nucleic acids.
Also remember, that monomers create these longchained polymers. Think of a zipper. A tooth is a
monomer, the whole zipper’s the polymer. Get it?
For DNA, think nucleic acid’s the monomer, DNA’s the
polymer.
A nucleotide is technically the
monomer. Here’s a nucleotide..
…a nucleotide (aka monomer).
There are four bases.
They are: Guanine,
Cytosine,
Adenine,
Thymine.
Here’s our sweet friend,
deoxyribose.
Phosphate completes the trio called a nucleotide.
DNA 3D
• LINK
4 Types of Nucleotides
Nucleotides are the monomers but it’s their
sequence in the DNA ladder that’s important!
Bases are abbreviated:
A,
G,
C, T
Look above, and see how
the bases pair. Patterns?
Base Pair Rules
As a proofreading mechanism, each base’s shape
complimentary base pairs with each other
(pyrimidine binds to a purine). So, A-T; G-C.
DNA=polymer,
nucleotide=monomer
Here’s the nucleotide
(base).
See how they pair up
opposite of each other?
You do this long enough
you get a polymer. This
polymer’s DNA!
How many base pairs do you see?
Chromosomes and DNA replication
What do you
remember from
Mitosis? Why are
chromosomes Xshaped? What
does replication
mean?
Replication occurs before Mitosis
Chromosomes and DNA replication
We want to double the
genetic information
because we want each
daughter cell to have
the correct information.
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Chromosomes and DNA replication
wrap-up
Enzymes unzip DNA
into 2 strands.
DNA polymerase, then
attaches bases
complimentary to
exposed parent
(template) strand.
Think zipper!
When done replicating, you
have a replicated
chromosome.
Review
DNA’s a polymer made by nucleotides
(monomers).
There are 4 nucleotides or bases. A,T,G,C
A-T,G-C are the base pair rules.
Replication involves enzymes that unzip DNA to
create two sister chromatids for the daughter
cells. Think ZIPPER!
This happens before mitosis.