Cochrane for Clinicians
July 1, 2008 Table of Contents
1) Antidepressants to Treat Nonspecific Low Back Pain
Clinical Question
Are medications such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs),
and atypical antidepressants effective for the treatment of nonspecific low back pain?
Evidence-Based Answer
Although antidepressants have been shown to be superior to placebo in some forms of chronic pain,

do not reduce pain or improve functional status or depression in patients with nonspecific low
back pain
2) Over-the-Counter Medications for Acute Cough Symptoms
Clinical Question
Are over-the-counter (OTC) cough medications safe and effective in reducing acute cough symptoms in
children and adults?
Evidence-Based Answer

Overall, the quality of evidence is poor

Adults It is uncertain whether OTC cough medications are effective in reducing cough
symptoms; adult studies show conflicting results from heterogeneous studies.

Children, no trials show a statistically significant benefit in the treatment compared with the
placebo groups.

Adverse effects; Evidence is limited; however, national databases have reported ingestionrelated harms in children
August 1, 2008 Table of Contents
3) Arthroscopic Surgery for Knee Osteoarthritis
Clinical Scenario
A 53-year-old man presents for follow-up of knee pain. Examination and plain radiography confirmed
osteoarthritis. After little relief with analgesics and a corticosteroid injection, he inquires about
arthroscopic surgery.
Clinical Question
Is arthroscopic debridement an effective therapy for improving pain and function in patients with OA
of the knee?
Evidence-Based Answer

arthroscopic debridement does not improve outcomes for patients with osteoarthritis of the
knee, Compared with other modalities of treatment such as sham surgery, joint lavage, and
joint washout
4) Cranberry Products for Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection
Clinical Question
Does ingesting cranberry reduce the frequency of symptomatic urinary tract infections or
asymptomatic bacteriuria?
Evidence-Based Answer

Over a 12-month period, cranberry products decrease the incidence of symptomatic (UTIs),
especially in women with recurrent UTIs.

Optimal dosage and form of administration (juice, tablets, or capsules) is unclear.

There are no studies comparing cranberry juice with antibiotic prophylactic therapy.

Unacceptable taste and gastrointestinal upset are commonly reported adverse effects.
September 1, 2008 Table of Contents
5) Alendronate for Fracture Prevention in Postmenopause
Clinical Scenario
A 55-year-old postmenopausal woman was recently diagnosed with osteoporosis on dual energy x-ray
absorptiometry. She has no history of fracture, and is currently taking a calcium and vitamin D
supplement.
Clinical Question
Should alendronate (Fosamax) be prescribed for primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic
fractures?
Evidence-Based Answer
In postmenopausal women, prevention of:
vertebral fractures
primary
secondary
nonvertebral fractures
primary
secondary
hip or wrist
NNT = 50
[NNT] = 16
Not effective
(NNT = 100)
Adverse effects reported in 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were similar for alendronate and
placebo.1
6) Induction of Labor at or Beyond Term
Clinical Question
In low-risk pregnancies, does inducing labor at or beyond term improve maternal or neonatal
outcomes?
Evidence-Based Answer



after due date and before 42 weeks Fetal or neonatal deaths in women; a rate of less than 0.5
percent, regardless of whether labor is induced or spontaneous.
Inducing between 41 and 42 weeks, Compared with awaiting spontaneous labor, is associated
with fewer perinatal deaths and fewer cases of meconium aspiration. However, there were no
differences in admissions to (NICU).
Induction beyond term does not increase rates of cesarean delivery.
November 1, 2008 Table of Contents
7) Antioxidant Supplements Do Not Improve Mortality and May Cause
Harm
Clinical Scenario
A 42-year-old woman with hypertension and hyperlipidemia presents for her annual physical
examination. She is taking several over-the-counter antioxidant supplements because she believes that
they will increase her longevity.
Clinical Question
Are antioxidant supplements safe and effective for preventing mortality?
Evidence-Based Answer
In randomized controlled trials of primary and secondary prevention,.

vitamins A and E, and beta-carotene supplementation increased mortality,

Vitamin C and selenium supplementation had no significant effect on mortality.
March 1, 2009 Table of Contents
8) Effectiveness of Brief Alcohol Interventions in Primary Care
CLINICAL QUESTION
What is the effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations?
EVIDENCE-BASED ANSWER

For men who engage in excessive or hazardous drinking and present to their primary care
physician for issues not specifically related to alcohol treatment, an intervention of one to four
sessions administered by a physician, nurse, or psychologist is effective in reducing weekly
alcohol consumption one year later. It is also effective in reducing emergency department
visits and alcohol-related injuries.

women The effect was not demonstrated.

Longer counseling did not significantly improve the effect.
9) Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 Inhibitors for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Clinical Question
Are dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors safe and effective for the treatment of type 2 diabetes?
Evidence-Based Answer

DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin (Januvia) decreases A1C levels by 0.7 percent When used as:
monotherapy or in conjunction with metformin (Glucophage) or thiazolidinediones,

patient-oriented outcomes or long-term safety; no data.

Until more studies are completed, it should only be used in individual patients when there are
reasons that other better-studied agents are not sufficient.
June 1, 2008 Table of Contents
10)
Use of Inhaled Corticosteroids to Treat Stable COPD
Clinical Scenario
A 60-year-old patient with a 40 pack-year smoking history requests "something else" to treat his chronic
cough and dyspnea from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He is already using an
albuterol/ipratropium (Combivent) inhaler as needed.
Clinical Question
Should inhaled corticosteroids be used to treat stable COPD?
Evidence-Based Answer

Not reduce mortality or affect long-term disease progression,

reducing COPD exacerbations and

slowing declines in quality of life.
11)
Low Glycemic Diets for Obesity Treatment
Clinical Question
Are low glycemic index or low glycemic load diets effective in the treatment of obesity?
Evidence-Based Answer

low glycemic index diets better reduce (BMI) and (LDL) cholesterol, Compared with high
glycemic index diets or conventional energy-restricted weight loss diets.

lost an additional 1 to 2 BMI units on the low glycemic index diets, The weighted mean
difference showed that patients
May 1, 2008 Table of Contents
12)
Oral Anticoagulants vs. Antiplatelet Therapy
Clinical Scenario
A 70-year-old man presents for an initial visit. He is healthy, lives independently, and takes only blood
pressure and cholesterol medication. On examination, his pulse is irregular. Electrocardiography (ECG)
confirms atrial fibrillation.
Clinical Question
For patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and no history of stroke or transient ischemic attack
(TIA), how effective at preventing stroke is oral anticoagulation therapy compared with antiplatelet
therapy? Who benefits most, and what are the associated risks?
Evidence-Based Answer
Compared with antiplatelet therapy, oral anticoagulation significantly reduces stroke at an average
follow-up of one to three years, but does not reduce mortality. Intracranial or extracranial hemorrhage
is more common with anticoagulation and must be weighed against its therapeutic benefit.1
13)
Are SSRIs Effective for Treating OCD?
Clinical Question
Are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) effective for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive
disorder (OCD)?
Evidence-Based Answer
SSRIs are effective for the treatment of OCD. one additional person to have a response within six to 13
weeks.

If it is assumed that 10 percent of persons with OCD will recover without treatment, NNT= 12

If it is assumed that 20 percent of persons with OCD will recover without treatment, NNT= 6.
April 1, 2008 Table of Contents
14)
Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Clinical Question
Should physicians recommend thyroid hormone therapy for any nonpregnant patient with subclinical
hypothyroidism?
Evidence-Based Answer
Although there is evidence that thyroid hormone therapy in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism
may improve lipid profiles, cognitive function, and echographic left ventricular function, there is no
evidence that this will decrease morbidity or mortality.
15)
Abstinence-Plus Programs for Prevention of HIV
Clinical Question
Do abstinence-plus programs prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection?
Evidence-Based Answer
Abstinence-plus is sex education that includes information on abstinence, condom use, and
contraception. Compared with a variety of controls-including usual care, no intervention, or other
programs-there is no evidence of increased rates of pregnancy or sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Based on limited data, abstinence-plus programs increase knowledge, reduce pregnancy rates, and
decrease incidence of unprotected sex and frequency of sex.
March 1, 2008 Table of Contents
16)
Interventions to Improve Antibiotic Prescribing Practices for
Hospital Inpatients
Clinical Question
What strategies have been proven to improve antibiotic-prescribing practices in hospitalized patients?
Evidence-Based Answer
The choice of antibiotic, timing, dosage and route of administration in hospitalized patients

Although both educational (persuasive) and restrictive measures of interventions are effective,

Restrictive measures appear to make a more significant change in antibiotic prescribing
patterns based on heterogeneous studies
17)
Medical Treatments in the Short-term Management of Reflux
Esophagitis
Clinical Question
What is the safest and most effective short-term medical treatment for reflux esophagitis?
Evidence-Based Answer

(PPIs) are the most effective short-term treatment for reflux esophagitis.

Histamine H2 blockers are also effective compared with placebo, but are inferior to PPIs.

adverse events; limited evidence about with these therapies, but long-term therapy with PPIs
has been shown to increase hip fracture risk.
February 15, 2008 Table of Contents
Cochrane for Clinicians
18)
Are Long-acting Insulin Analogues Better Than Isophane Insulin?
Clinical Question
Are long-acting insulin analogues (i.e., insulin glargine [Lantus] and insulin detemir [Levemir]) better
than isophane insulin (NPH) in long-term treatment of type 2 diabetes?
Evidence-Based Answer

insulin glargine and insulin detemir have no advantage over isophane insulin in reducing A1C
levels. Based on poor quality evidence

In one study, isophane insulin reduced A1C levels slightly more than insulin detemir.

However, patients on insulin glargine and detemir reported fewer symptomatic and overall
hypoglycemic episodes.
The significance of this is not clear because there were few episodes of severe hypoglycemia,
and definitions of hypoglycemia varied and were prone to bias.1

None of the studies were powered to detect improvements in POEM patient-oriented
outcomes, such as mortality and microvascular (e.g., retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy)
and macrovascular (e.g., peripheral arterial disease, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular) events.
Because the longest study in the review was 52 weeks, longer studies are needed to further
evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of these long-acting insulin analogues.1
19)
Cancer Genetic Risk Assessment for Individuals at Risk of
Familial Breast Cancer
Clinical Question
Does breast cancer genetic risk assessment in those at risk of familial breast cancer lead to
improvements in psychological well-being?
Evidence-Based Answer
Cancer genetic risk assessment reduces distress, improves accuracy of perceived breast cancer risk, and
increases breast cancer and genetics knowledge. Based on limited evidence from three trials
July 15, 2008 Table of Contents
Clinical Evidence Concise
Basal ca
Clinical Questions
What are the effects of interventions on treatment response and recurrence (within one year of therapy) in
persons with basal cell carcinoma?
Likely to be
beneficial
Cryotherapy/cryosurgery (as effective as photodynamic therapy;
in combination with curettage, it seems to be as effective as
excisional surgery)
Curettage and cautery/electrodesiccation (likely to be beneficial for
low-risk basal cell carcinoma)*
Imiquimod 5% cream (better than placebo at six months; insufficient evidence to compare
with other treatments)
Photodynamic therapy
Surgery (excisional or Mohs' micrographic surgery)*
Unknown
Fluorouracil
effectiveness
What are the effects of interventions on long-term recurrence (a minimum of two years after treatment) in
persons with basal cell carcinoma?
Likely to be
beneficial
Cryotherapy/cryosurgery*
Curettage and cautery/electrodesiccation*
Photodynamic therapy*
Surgery (conventional or Mohs' micrographic surgery)†
Unknown
effectiveness
Fluorouracil
Imiquimod 5% cream
*-Categorization is based on consensus and expert opinion.
†-Categorization is based on consensus and observational data.
June 15, 2008 Table of Contents
Hepatitis C (Chronic)
Clinical Questions
What are the effects of interventions in treatment-naive persons with chronic infection but without liver
decompensation?
naive without liver decompensation?
Beneficial
1)
Interferon
2)
Interferon plus ribavirin
3)
Peginterferon
4)
Peginterferon plus ribavirin
not responded to interferon?
Beneficial
Unknown
effectiveness
1)
Interferon-alfa plus ribavirin
Interferon
Peginterferon
Peginterferon plus ribavirin
relapse after interferon treatment?
Beneficial
Interferon-alfa plus ribavirin
Interferon (less effective than interferon-alfa plus ribavirin at sustaining virologic
response)
Likely to be
Peginterferon plus ribavirin*
beneficial
Unknown
Peginterferon
effectiveness
also have human immunodeficiency virus?
Likely to be
beneficial
Interferon-alfa plus ribavirin (increased rates of sustained viral response from baseline,
but less effective than peginterferon plus ribavirin)
Peginterferon plus ribavirin
Unknown
effectiveness
Interferon
Peginterferon
*-We found no randomized controlled trials. Categorization based on consensus.
August 15, 2008 Table of Contents
Clinical Evidence Concise
A Publication of BMJ Publishing Group
Diarrhea in Adults (Acute)
Clinical Questions
What are the effects of treatments for acute diarrhea in adults living in resource-rich countries?
Likely to be beneficial
Antimotility agents
Antisecretory agents
Trade-off between benefits
Antibiotics (empiric use for mild-to-moderate diarrhea)
and harms
Unknown effectiveness
Antibiotics plus antimotility agents
Restricted diet
Oral rehydration solutions
What are the effects of treatments for mild-to-moderate
traveler's diarrhea in adults from
resource-rich countries traveling to resource-poor countries?
Likely to be beneficial
Antibiotics (empiric use)
Antimotility agents
Bismuth subsalicylate (reduced duration of diarrhea compared with placebo,
but less effective than loperamide)
Trade-off between benefits
Antisecretory agents
and harms
Unknown effectiveness
Antibiotics plus antimotility agents
Restricted diet
Oral rehydration solutions
What are the effects of treatments for mild-to-moderate diarrhea in adults living in resource-poor
countries?
Likely to be beneficial
Antimotility agents
Antisecretory agents
Unknown effectiveness
Antibiotics (empiric use)
Antibiotics plus antimotility agents
Oral rehydration solutions
What are the effects of treatments for severe diarrhea in adults living in resource-poor countries?
Beneficial
Amino acid-based oral rehydration solutions
Rice-based oral rehydration solution
Standard oral rehydration solution*
Unknown effectiveness
Antibiotics (empiric use)
Antibiotics plus antimotility agents
Antimotility agents
Antisecretory agents
Bicarbonate oral rehydration solution
Intravenous rehydration (compared with nasogastric tube rehydration or
oral rehydration solution alone)
Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution
*-Categorization based on consensus. Randomized controlled trials unlikely to be conducted.
September 15, 2008 Table of Contents
Clinical Evidence Concise
A Publication of BMJ Publishing Group
Autism
Clinical Questions
What are the effects of early, intensive, multidisciplinary intervention programs in children with autism?
Likely to be beneficial
Applied behavioral analysis*
Autism Pre-school Programme*
Child's Talk*
More Than Words training course*
Picture Exchange Communication System*
TEACCH*
Unknown effectiveness
Early Bird Programme
Floor time
Portage scheme
Relationship development intervention
Social skills training
Social Stories
Son-Rise
What are the effects of dietary interventions in children with autism?
Unknown effectiveness
Digestive enzymes
Gluten- and casein-free diet
Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil)
Probiotics
Vitamin A
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) plus magnesium
Vitamin C
What are the effects of drug treatments in children with autism?
Likely to be beneficial
Methylphenidate (for hyperactivity only)
Trade-off between benefits and harms
Risperidone
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors*
Unknown effectiveness
Immune globulins
Memantine
Unlikely to be beneficial
Secretin
What are the effects of nondrug treatments in children with autism?
Unknown effectiveness
Auditory integration training
Chelation therapy
Sensory integration training
TEACCH = Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication-handicapped CHildren.
*-In the absence of robust evidence from randomized controlled trials in children with autism, categorization is based on
observational evidence and strong consensus belief.
October 15, 2008 Table of Contents
Clinical Evidence Concise
A Publication of BMJ Publishing Group
Recurrent Miscarriage
Clinical Questions
What are the effects of treatments for unexplained recurrent miscarriage?
Unknown effectiveness
Aspirin (low-dose)
Bed rest
Corticosteroids
Early scanning
Human chorionic gonadotropin
Lifestyle adaptation (e.g., smoking cessation, reducing alcohol
consumption, losing weight)
Progesterone
Trophoblastic membrane infusion
Vitamin supplementation
Unlikely to be beneficial
Intravenous immune globulin treatment
Paternal white cell immunization
Likely to be ineffective or harmful
Estrogen
What are the effects of treatments for recurrent miscarriage caused by antiphospholipid syndrome?
Unknown effectiveness
Aspirin (low-dose)
Aspirin (low-dose) plus heparin
Likely to be ineffective or
Corticosteroids
harmful
November 15, 2008 Table of Contents
Clinical Evidence Concise
A Publication of BMJ Publishing Group
Febrile Seizures
Clinical Questions
What are the effects of treatments given during episodes of fever in children with one
or more previous simple febrile seizures?
Unknown effectiveness
Antipyretic treatments (physical antipyretic measures, paracetamol,
ibuprofen)
Likely to be ineffective or harmful
Anticonvulsants (intermittent)
What are the effects of long-term (daily, longer than one month) anticonvulsant treatment in children with
a history of simple febrile seizures?
Trade-off between benefits and
Anticonvulsants (continuous)
harms
What are the effects of treatments on reducing the risk of subsequent epilepsy in children with a history of
simple febrile seizures?
Unlikely to be beneficial
Anticonvulsants (intermittent and continuous)
August 15, 2009 Table of Contents
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Screening for Prostate Cancer: Recommendation Statement
The online version of this statement includes a clinical summary.
Summary of Recommendations and Evidence
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to
assess the balance of benefits and harms of prostate cancer screening in men younger than 75 years. I
statement.
The USPSTF recommends against screening for prostate cancer in men 75 years and older. D
recommendation.
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Recommendation
Statement
See related editorial on page 132.
Summary of Recommendations
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to
assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for gestational diabetes mellitus, before or after
24 weeks' gestation (Table 1). I statement.
Table 1. Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Summary of the
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation
Population
Pregnant women who have not previously been diagnosed with diabetes
Recommendation
No recommendation because of insufficient evidence
Grade: I
Risk assessment
Women at increased risk of developing gestational diabetes include those who:
• Are obese
• Are older than 25 years
• Have a family history of diabetes
• Have a history of previous gestational diabetes
• Are of certain ethnic groups (e.g., Hispanic, American Indian, Asian, or black)
Rationale for no
The current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance between the benefits and
recommendation
harms of screening women for gestational diabetes before or after 24 weeks'
gestation.
Harms of screening include short-term anxiety in some women with positive
screening results, and inconvenience to women and medical practices because
most positive screening tests are likely false-positives.
Suggestions for
practice
Until there is better evidence, physicians should discuss screening for gestational
diabetes with their patients and make decisions on a case-by-case basis. The
discussion should include information about the uncertain benefits and harms as
well as the frequency and uncertain meaning of a positive screening test result.
Screening tests
If a decision is made to screen for gestational diabetes:
• The screening test most commonly used in the United States is an initial 50-g
one-hour glucose challenge test.
• If the result on the glucose challenge test is abnormal, the patient undergoes a
100-g three-hour oral glucose tolerance test.
• Two or more abnormal values on the oral glucose tolerance test are considered
diagnostic for gestational diabetes.
Screening intervals
Most screening is conducted between 24 and 28 weeks' gestation. There is little
evidence about the value of earlier screening.
Other approaches
Nearly all pregnant women should be encouraged to achieve
to prevention
moderate weight gain based on their prepregnancy body mass
index and to participate in physical activity.
June 15, 2009 Table of Contents
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Screening for High Blood Pressure: Reaffirmation Recommendation
Statement
Summary of Recommendations and Evidence
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for high blood pressure in
adults 18 years and older (see accompanying table). A recommendation.
July 1, 2008 Table of Contents
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Screening for Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnancy to Prevent Preterm
Delivery: Recommendation Statement
Summary of Recommendations and Evidence
The USPSTF recommends against screening for bacterial vaginosis in asymptomatic pregnant women at
low risk for preterm delivery. D recommendation.
The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and
harms of screening for bacterial vaginosis in asymptomatic pregnant women at high risk for preterm
delivery. I statement.
May 1, 2008 Table of Contents
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Screening for Sickle Cell Disease in Newborns: Recommendation
Statement
Summary of Recommendations and Evidence
The USPSTF recommends screening for sickle cell disease in newborns. A recommendation.
April 1, 2008 Table of Contents
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Screening for Carotid Artery Stenosis: Recommendation Statement
Summary of Recommendations and Evidence
The USPSTF recommends against screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in the general adult
population. D recommendation.
December 1, 2007 Table of Contents
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Screening for Chlamydial Infection: Recommendation Statement
Summary of Recommendations and Evidence
The USPSTF recommends screening for chlamydial infection in all sexually active, nonpregnant women
24 years or younger AND in older nonpregnant women who are at increased risk. A recommendation.
The USPSTF recommends screening for chlamydial infection in all pregnant women 24 years or younger
AND in older pregnant women who are at increased risk. B recommendation.
The USPSTF recommends against routinely providing screening for chlamydial infection in women 25
years or older, whether or not they are pregnant, if they are not at increased risk. C recommendation.
The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and
harms of screening for chlamydial infection in men. I statement.
September 1, 2007 Table of Contents
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children and Pregnant
Women: Recommendation Statement
Summary of Recommendations
CHILDREN
The USPSTF concludes that evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against routine screening for
elevated blood lead levels in asymptomatic children one to five years of age who are at increased risk. I
recommendation.
The USPSTF recommends against routine screening for elevated blood lead levels in asymptomatic
children one to five years of age who are at average risk. D recommendation.
PREGNANT WOMEN
The USPSTF recommends against routine screening for elevated blood lead levels in asymptomatic
pregnant women. D recommendation.
July 1, 2007 Table of Contents
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Routine Aspirin or Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for the
Primary Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: Recommendation Statement
Summary of Recommendations
The USPSTF recommends against the routine use of aspirin and NSAIDs to prevent colorectal cancer in
persons at average risk of colorectal cancer. D recommendation.
June 1, 2007 Table of Contents
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Screening for Hemochromatosis: Recommendation Statement
Summary of Recommendations
The USPSTF recommends against routine genetic screening for hereditary hemochromatosis in the
asymptomatic general population. D recommendation.
August 1, 2006 Table of Contents
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Screening for Iron Deficiency Anemia, Including Iron
Supplementations for Children and Pregnant Women:
Recommendation Statement
Summary of Screening Recommendations
The USPSTF concludes that evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against routine screening for
iron deficiency anemia in asymptomatic children six to 12 months of age. I recommendation.
The USPSTF recommends routine screening for iron deficiency anemia in asymptomatic pregnant
women. B recommendation.
June 1, 2006 Table of Contents
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Screening for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Recommendation
Statement
Summary of Recommendations
The USPSTF concludes that evidence is insufficient to recommend routine screening for DDH in infants
as a means to prevent adverse outcomes. I recommendation.