Chapter 3: Earthquakes
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What Causes Earthquakes?
Why Do Earthquakes Cause So Much Damage?
How Do We Know Where Earthquakes Occur?
What Kinds of Damage Can Earthquakes Cause?
Where Do Earthquakes Occur on a Global Scale?
How Do We Know Which Way Rocks Move in Earthquakes?
What is the Relationship Between Earthquakes
and Plate Tectonics?
Can We Predict When Earthquakes Will Occur?
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Elastic Rebound Theory of the
Cause of Earthquakes
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Figure 3.2
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Focus and Epicentre of an Earthquake
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Figure 3.4
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Particle Motion in Seismic Waves
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Figure 3.5
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Simple Seismograph for Detecting
Vertical Rock Motion
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Figure 3.6
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Seismograph for Horizontal Motion
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Figure 3.7
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Intervals between P Waves,
S Waves, and Surface Waves
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Figure 3.8
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Travel-Time Curves Used to Determine
Distance to an Earthquake
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Figure 3.9
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Locating an Earthquake
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Figure 3.10
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Zones of Different Intensity from the
1886 Charleston, SC, Earthquake
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Figure 3.11
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Comparison of Earthquake Magnitude,
Description, Intensity, and Expected
Annual World Occurrence
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Table 3.2
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Relationship between Magnitude,
Number, and Energy of Earthquakes
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Figure 3.12
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Locations of Earthquakes 1977-1987
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Figure 3.13
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Map of Seismic Hazard
in North America
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Figure 3.14
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Tsunamis
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Figure 3.19
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Tsunami Travel Times
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Figure 3.21
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
World Distribution of Earthquakes
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Figure
Figure3.22b
3.22
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Benioff Zone of Earthquakes
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Figure 3.22
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Seismograms of First Horizontal
Motion of Rocks Along a Fault
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Figure 3.24
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Two Possible Solutions to Same
Pattern of First Motion
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Figure 3.25
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Divergent Plate Boundaries
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Figure 3.26
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Transform Boundaries
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Figure 3.27
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Convergent Boundaries
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Figure 3.28
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Earthquakes Caused by
(A) Compression, and (B) Tension
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Figure 3.29
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Distribution of Earthquakes
with Depth
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Figure 3.30
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Descending Plate
Tearing into Segments
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Figure 3.31
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Seismically Active Zones
of Eastern North America
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Figure 3.32
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Earthquakes are Predictable from
1-4 as Plate A Slides Diagonally
Under Plate B
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Figure 3.33
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Plate Tectonics Regime of
the Pacific Northwest
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Box 3.3 – Figure 1
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Origin of Main Coastal Features as
Evidence for Prehistoric Earthquakes
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Box 3.3 – Figure 2
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Two Major Breaks on
the San Andreas Fault
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Box 3.4 – Figure 1
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Answers to Selected
Testing Your Knowledge
Questions
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12. C
20. A
13. A
21. B
14. A
22. B
15. C
16. B
17. D
18. A
19. C
Chapter 3: Earthquakes
Additional Resources
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Student Resources
Student Online Learning Centre
The robust Student Edition of the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer features quizzes for
study and review, interactive exercises and animation, as well as additional boxed readings, searchable glossary, “Virtual
Vista” environments, suggestions for further reading, and much more!
Laboratory Manual
The Lab Manual to accompany Physical Geology and the Environment has been created as a resource for laboratory sessions
in physical geology, mirroring the "Inquiry-Based Approach" of the text. Structured on exercises and corresponding
background concepts, the lab manual contains student-friendly worksheets, and has been perforated for easy lab use.
Instructor Resources
Instructor Online Learning Centre
The OLC at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer includes a password-protected Web site for Instructors. The site offers
downloadable supplements and access to PageOut, the McGraw-Hill Ryerson Web site development centre.
Instructor’s Manual – The IM contains a chapter overview, list of changes per chapter, chapter learning objectives,
further information on boxed features, short and long discussion/essay questions, and details on additional readings
and resources outside the textbook.
Test Bank – Contains a bank of 40-60 multiple-choice and true/false questions per chapter.
Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation – This presentation system offers visual presentations that may be edited and
manipulated to fit a particular course format. They also contain selected solutions to the problem material.
Transparencies
A set of more than 200 transparencies tied to the text content are available for instructors.
Chapter 3: Earthquakes