Scottish Survey of Literacy &
Numeracy
Support Material
First Level –
Multiply / Divide 4 and 8
Produced by Education Scotland
Transforming
Transforming lives
lives through
through learning
learning
x4
x8
÷4
x4
x8
÷8
From recent surveys
more than 60% of pupils had difficulty
with questions of the type
88p ÷ 4
36 x 8
£36 ÷ 8
Reflective questions
• difficulties ?
• milestones of progression?
• mental strategies ?
• building on halves & doubles ?
Multiplying
Fold
Fold
7
8
5
6
Fold
4
2
Fold
3
1
Reflection
• reinforce
1 doubles to 2
2 doubles to 4
4 doubles to 8
Key point double double double
is not 6 times bigger
Key points
•double
2 times table
•double, double
4 times table
•double, double, double
8 times table
0 x 4 =0
1 x 4 =4
0 x 8 =0
2 x 4 =8
3 x 4 =12
2 x 8 =16
4 x 4 =16
5 x 4 =20
4 x 8 =32
6 x 4 =24
7 x 4 =28
6 x 8 =48
8 x 8 =64
9 x 2 =18
8 x 4 =32
9 x 4 =36
10 x 2 =20
10 x 4 =40
10 x 8 =80
0 x 2 =0
1 x 2 =2
2 x 2 =4
3 x 2 =6
4 x 2 =8
5 x 2 =10
6 x 2 =12
7 x 2 =14
8 x 2 =16
1 x 8 =8
3 x 8 =24
5 x 8 =40
7 x 8 =56
9 x 8 =72
Questions to pupils
• go again
what table ?
• adults and the 16 x table ?
• go home and ask
• show off your skills
1/
8
1/
4
1/
8
1/
2
1
1/
8
1/
4
1/
8
Fold
1/
8
1/
4
1/
8
1/
8
1/
2
1/
4
Fold
1/
8
Reflective Teaching Points
•
÷2
1/
2
•÷4
• 1/8
•2x
1/
4
÷8
half half half
1/
2
=1 4 x
1/
8
=
1/
2
etc
Mental strategies
•4x7
• double 7 is 14 double 14 is 28
• check answer with 4 times table
•8x9
• double 9 is 18
double 18 is 36
double 36 is 72
• check answer with 8 times table
What is 4 x 23
double 23
23
23
0
46 double 46
23
92
23
92
0
92
What is 8 x 14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
0
28
0
0
28
56
double
28
28
56
double
double
112
112
112
Dividing by 4 & 8
• what is 28 ÷ 4
• mental strategy
• half 28
14
• half 14
7
?
half
half
• 28 ÷ 4 = 7 How can I check this?
£72 shared equally among 8
• half £72
£36
• half £36
£18
• half £18
£9
• Check that 9 x 8 = 72
Survey type questions:
Jane reads a book with 180 pages. When she is
1/
4
way through, how many pages has she read ?
(about 30% correct)
A baker makes 120 scones and sells them in
bags of 8. How many bags will she need ?
(about 20% correct)
1/
4
180 ÷ 4
of 180
• mental strategy or
45
90
90
90
45
• number line
120 ÷ 8
• mental strategy or
0
60
0
0
30
15
30
120
60
45
60
90
75
check answer
90
120
105
120
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