Photosynthesis and Cellular
Respiration Notes
• Photosynthesis
• -done by autotrophs only (plants, some
algae, & some bacteria) (producers-make
their own food)
• -BIG IDEA!!! → PHOTOSYNTHESIS
TRAPS LIGHT ENERGY AND CHANGES
IT INTO CHEMICAL ENERGY (sugar)
(Energy can convert from one form to
another)
Photosynthesis Equation
Light energy + CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
carbon
water
glucose sugar
oxygen
dioxide
Reactants
Products
Location, location, location!!!
(of photosynthesis)
• 1. Location- in chloroplasts of leaves
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Structures Required
Thylakoid- flattened membrane sac inside
chloroplast that contains chlorophyll
(green pigment) and is the place where
light is trapped; oxygen is released as a
waste product
Granum- stacks of thylakoid membranes
Stroma- fluid portion of the chloroplast
-where glucose is made (chemical form
of energy)
Stomata- tiny holes on bottom of leaf
which allow gas & water vapor exchange
to occur
Stomata
Structures Required
• Light- (photon) must be trapped by
the chloroplasts to do photosynthesis
• Pigment- (chlorophyll) molecules
containing atoms that absorb light
Chlorophyll
• Chlorophyll- primary light absorbing
pigment for photosynthesis
• -chlorophyll absorbs red and violet
light (from visible light spectrum) to
begin photosynthesis (green light is
reflected)
Let there be light!!!
Why do leaves change color in the fall?
• When leaves appear green, it is because they contain an
abundance of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll masks other
pigment colors. Anthocyanins, in turn, mask carotenoids.
• As summer turns to autumn, decreasing light levels cause
chlorophyll production to slow. However, the decomposition
rate of chlorophyll remains constant, so the green color will
fade from the leaves. At the same time, anthocyanin
production in leaves increases, in response to surging sugar
concentrations.
• Leaves containing primarily anthocyanins will appear red.
Leaves with good amounts of both anthocyanins and
carotenoids will appear orange. Leaves with carotenoids but
little or no anthocyanins will appear yellow. In the absence
of these pigments, other plant chemicals also can affect leaf
color. An example includes tannins, which are responsible
for the brownish color of some oak leaves.
• types of pigments in leaves
Cellular Respiration
• plants use the chloroplast to make
sugar by photosynthesis and then
they use the mitochondria to break
the sugar down into energy (ATP) by
doing cellular respiration
- cellular respiration is also used by
heterotrophs (consumers like
animals, fungi, some bacteria) who
must get food from other sources
Connection b/w photosynthesis &
cellular respiration
Location, location, location
(of cellular respiration)
• -cellular respiration and photosynthesis
are linked b/c they’re opposites
• -the products of photosynthesis are the
reactants of cellular respiration
• - Location- in mitochondria of cells
• Cellular Respiration Equation
• C6H12O6 + O2
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Glucose
sugar
oxygen
Reactants
→ energy +
ATP
CO2 + H2O
carbon
dioxide
Products
water
Pay attention!! Important!
• *BIG IDEA!!! →USE CELLULAR
RESPIRATION AS A TOOL TO
BREAKDOWN SUGAR (GLUCOSE)
INTO ENERGY (ATP) THE BODY CAN
USE
Big Idea!!
• *IMPORTANT!! -Remember plants
(autotrophs) can do both photosynthesis &
cellular respiration b/c they have
chloroplasts and mitochondria while
animals (heterotrophs) can only do cellular
respiration because they only have
mitochondria and no chloroplasts
Connection b/w photosynthesis &
cellular respiration
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Ways glucose can be converted into energy
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(anaerobic)
Alcoholic
Fermentation
Yeast cells
(fungus)
-make beer/wine
or bread this way
CO2
+
Alcohol
+
2 ATP
(aerobic)
Cellular
Respiration
CO2
+
H2O
+
38 ATP
(anaerobic)
Lactic
Acid Fermentation
lactic acid
+
2 ATP
-done in animal’s
muscle cells;creates
soreness due to
lactic acid build up
-eventually lactic acid
is broken down by
liver