PIXELES CLASSES BCA & MCA (IGNOU)
Course Code : BCS-051
Course Title : Introduction to Software Engineering
Assignment Number : BCA (V)/051/Assignment/ 2015
October, 2015 (For July 2015 Session) 15 April, 2016 (For January 2016 Session)
Question 1.Develop SRS as per IEEE standard for a Railway Reservation System (30
Marks)
Ans:-
SRS
1 INTRODUCTION: -
The SRS is being prepared for RTOBS (Railway ticket online Booking System) the purpose system is used to maintenance user and booking details.
1.1 Purpose of SRS: -
The SRS documentation defines the structure and behavior of the system RTOBS. It defines functions of system clearly and easily to understandable. So that, customer attraction towards it.
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1.2 Scope of product
The RTOBS has scopes to increasing customer facilities and easy operation. There are various key goals.
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Users can book the ticket from everywhere without visiting booking counter.
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Decrease the paper works.
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Saving papers.
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It provides to checks ticket availability and report booking.
1.3 Definition, Acronyms and Abbreviation
DEFINITION:
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USER: A person who can register and logging to get booking facilities.
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ADMIN: A person who manage all functionality of software.
ACRONYMS:
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RTOBS: Railway Ticket online Booking System.
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PNR: Passenger Name Record
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SDLC: Software development life cycle. www.pixelesindia.com

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2 General description
2.1 Product Perspective
The RTOBS consists of application server and web server.
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2.2 Product functions
The product software mainly support RTOBS
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User registration login
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Booking
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Payment
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Cancelation
2.3 User characteristics
There are two kind of user of RTOBS
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User: A person who can register and login to get booking facilities.
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Admin: A person who manages all functionality of software.
2.4 Constraints
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RTOBS can run in internet explorer, Google chrome, Opera.
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It does not work without java script.
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You cannot search booking information 5time between 10 am to 11am.
2.5 Assumption and Dependencies
The main assumption of RTOBS software to decrease the user work load so that to increase the performance. The dependence of software is prices system that dependent on GOVT. polices
3 Specific Requirements:-
It describes function and non-function requirement of system
3.1 External interface requirements:-
It describes input output software and communication.
3.1.1 User inter face
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Login page
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Registration page
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Booking page
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Cancelation page www.pixelesindia.com

PIXELES CLASSES BCA & MCA (IGNOU)
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Searching
3.1.2 Hardware inter face
There is no any need of special hardware to operate this software.
3.1.3 Software interface
Database product
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JDBC/ODBC
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PayPal
3.1.4 Communication interface
There is no need of communication interface.
3.2 Functional requirements
Registration process: it requires users’ details including ID, password and email id.
Booking process: After registration process, user can login and get information about trains &
Seats is availability, user can enter passenger name, age, address, mobile-no, payment. Click
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Cancelation process: enter PNR-no, see the details and click on cancel button.
3.3 Performance requirements
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Search information within a 2 sec.
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Booking transaction is complete within a 5 sec.
3.4 Design constraints
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Webpage are design using HTML 5.0 and java script
3.5 Logical database requirements
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It describes the logical database for RTOBS application
3.6 Software system attributes
3.6.1 Reliability
3.6.2 Availability
3.6.3 Security
3.6.4 Maintainability
Question 2.Develop Design document for the system mentioned in Question 1. (30
Marks)
Ans:
1. Introduction:- www.pixelesindia.com

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Proposed software is designed to accomplish online railway reservation activities. Any valid user can book the ticket from anywhere without visiting booking counter. Payment is more secure so that, user can use this software without fear.
2. Methodology
This project methodology is needed to make sure the project that consists of software
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www.pixelesindia.com

PIXELES CLASSES BCA & MCA (IGNOU)
User review: The project begins with requirements review where the overview of the project needs to be known. We can identify the user’s as well as organization requirement and establish a standard.
Database Design
Database is required to improve the functionality of this project. Therefore, the first stage of software development is to create the database. Database is a body of information made up of related pieces of data organized so that they can be easily manipulated by the users. We have
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GUI Design and coding:-
Create the suitable GUI complete with coding GUI is a way to interact with a computer using pictures and other visual elements displayed on a computer screen. The pictures and buttons used to control many Internet sites are an example of a GUI. Programmer can write the required coding as per design architecture.
Coding Design:-
This coding designing showed how programming language would be implemented. It also will explain the purpose for each coding development. SQL statement is used in order to make sure that interfaces can be connected with database.
Software testing:-
Software testing is the process used to measure the quality of developed computer software to determine that the software meets its required results. This testing process of executing a program is intended of finding errors.
Design Prototype:-
A prototype is a visible, mini replica of the real system that has essential function and important interfaces, but not the whole system itself. The idea is to build a first simplified version of the system and seek feedback from the people involved in order to then design a better version.
This process is repeated until the system meets the client’s condition of acceptance.
3. Detailed design:-
Context Level DFD www.pixelesindia.com

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DFD for Booking www.pixelesindia.com

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DFD for ticket Cancelation
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4. Interface Design
The purpose of interface design is to determine how the layout of the system and to make sure that this layout suitable with user requirement. The good designing can attract the users and supposedly not confused the users with each functions of the system. For instance, the developer also needs to concern about user-friendly interface during designing phase. Through this system, there are some elements, which been used to design the interface. Interface may contain following controls:-
4.1. Text Box
The user can key in the input in the text boxes. However, certain text boxes only receive numeric inputs, but not character input such as Name.
4.2. Button
There are a few buttons which b een prepared for the user’s usage such as accept, ok , cancel, close, update, save , print and search button. All these buttons have their own functions.
4.3. Combo Box
The purpose of the combo box is to list all selection items there. Therefore, the users do not need to key in any input, but they can drag down the scroll and choose the best list as their input.
4.4. Data Designer-Report Generator
It used to view the report about summary of data record a list of files, which are already kept in database.
5. Prototype Design :-
A prototype is a visible, mini replica of the real system that has essential function and important interfaces, but not the whole system itself. The idea is to build a first simplified version of the system and seek feedback from the people involved in order to then design a better version.
This process is repeated until the system meets the client’s condition of acceptance. www.pixelesindia.com

PIXELES CLASSES BCA & MCA (IGNOU)
6. Conclusions
As for the conclusion, the objectives for this project were achieved and functioned well as the desired target. This system will help the railway ticket booking database works systematically and will make ease the user in order to manage all the data in the system. As the future recommendation, the project is recommended to be built with the fully functional software that fulfills all the criteria needed and also applied with more complicated algorithm to the system.
7. Acknowledgment
We are grateful to IGNOU for giving this project to students to do research and experimental works in order to complete this study. Thank you to all the supports given.
8. References
8.1. Eliason & Malarkey, “C#”, Programming & Application”, 2004.
8.2. Rick Dobson, “SQL Server 2005”, 2007
Question 3. How will you comment about the quality of a Software System? (20 Marks)
Ans:
Software quality may be defined as conformance to explicitly stated functional and performance requirements, explicitly documented development standards and implicit characteristics that are expected of all professionally developed software.
The three key points in this definition:
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Software requirements are the foundations from which quality is measured. Lack of conformance to requirement is lack of quality.
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Specified standards define a set of development criteria that guide the manager is software engineering. If criteria are not followed lack of quality will usually result.
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A set of implicit requirements often goes unmentioned, for example ease of use, maintainability etc. If software confirms to its explicit requirement but fails to meet implicit requirements, software quality is suspected.
Software Quality Factors
A software quality factor is a non-functional requirement for a software program, which is not called up by the customer's contract, but it is a desirable requirement that enhances the quality of the software program. Some software qualities factors are listed here:-
McCall Software Quality Model
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PIXELES CLASSES BCA & MCA (IGNOU)
Product operation: Factors which are related to the operation of a product are combined.
These five factors are related to operational performance, convenience, ease of usage and its correctness.
The factors are:
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Correctness: Extent to which a program satisfies its specifications and fulfils the user’s mission objectives.
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Efficiency: Amount of computing resources and code required by a program to perform a function.
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Integrity: Extent to which access to software or data by unauthorized persons can be controlled.
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Reliability: Extent to which a program can be expected to perform its intended function with required precision.
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Usability: Effort required learning, operating, preparing input and interpreting output of a program.
Product Revision: These factors pertain to the testing & maintainability of software. They give us idea about ease of maintenance, flexibility and testing effort.
Factors are:-
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Maintainability: Effort required for locating and fixing a defect in an operational program.
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Flexibility: Effort required for modifying an operational program.
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Testability: Effort required for testing a program to ensure that it performs its intended functions.
3. Product Transition: We may have to transfer a product from one platform to another platform or from one technology to another technology. The factors are given below:-
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Portability: Effort required transferring a program from one hardware and/or software environment to another.
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Reusability: Extent to which parts of a software system can be reused in other applications.
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Interoperability: Effort required to couple one system with another.
ISO 9126 Software Quality Model
There are six factors:-
Functionality has been subdivided into:
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Suitability
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Accuracy
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Interoperability : The capability of the software to interact with one or more specified systems.
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Security
Reliability has been subdivided into:
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Maturity : The capability of the software to avoid failure as a result of faults in the software.
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Fault Tolerance :
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Recoverability :
Usability has been subdivided into:
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PIXELES CLASSES BCA & MCA (IGNOU)
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Understandability
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Learnability
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Operability
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Attractiveness
Efficiency has been subdivided into:
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Time Behaviour
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Resource Utilization :
Maintainability has been subdivided into:
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Analyzability : The capability of the software product to be diagnosed for deficiencies or causes of failures in the software or for the parts to be modified to be identified.
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Changeability :
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Stability: The capability of the software to minimize unexpected effects from modifications of the software.
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Testability
Portability has been subdivided into:
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Adaptability :
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Installability
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Coexistence
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Replaceability
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