DNA Notes
What we already know:
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The ___________________________ contains DNA
Eukaryotes have ___________________________ DNA
Prokaryotes have ___________________________ DNA
DNA is copied during __________________________________ of the Cell
Cycle
_______________ are distinguishing features or characteristics
Traits are passed from __________________________ to
______________________________
Traits are passed on through _____________________
_______________________ are specific sections of DNA
In ____________________________ reproduction, offspring get
_________________ of their genes from each parent
DNA is Information
 DNA =
_____________________________________________________________
 A molecule that stores information
 Contains the __________________________________ to making
__________________________
 Like a cookbook contains the instructions for making a cake
Proteins and Amino Acids
 ____________________________ are large molecules made up of chains of
__________________________________________
 There are ____________ different amino acids that combine into
__________________ of different proteins
 Folding of the string of amino acids is critical for protein function
 Proteins can vary in size form just _______ amino acids, like this one found
in Gila Monster saliva…..to the protein nicknamed ____________________
with 34,350 amino acids, found in _________________________________
________________________________________
DNA & The Genetic Code
 A DNA molecule is shaped like a ___________________________________
 The molecule is formed from _____________________________________
that consist of:
o ________________________________
o ______________________(Deoxyribose)
o ____________________________________
 The side rails of the ladder are formed by
________________________________________
 The rungs of the ladder are formed by two ____________________ coming
together
 There are ____________ different bases in DNA
o ___________________________
o ___________________________
o ___________________________
o _____________________________
 The ______________________(order) of bases in a strand of DNA makes
the ______________ for building proteins
 The ____________________________ is a ________________________
code meaning that every _________________ bases codes for one amino
acid
 A __________________ is the entire sequence of bases that codes for a
specific protein
Replication of the DNA
 ____________________________ is the copying of DNA
o _____________________ strands separate
o _______________________________ nucleotides match up with the
nucleotides on each strand
o ___________ identical molecules of DNA are made
RNA is needed to make proteins:
 ________________ is ribonucleic acid and is very similar to DNA except
o _________________ is ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose sugar
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o RNA has _________________ instead of _________________
o RNA is a __________________ strand
______________________________________: RNA copies the information
form the DNA inside the nucleus then travels outside to the cytoplasm
_____________________________________: RNA and proteins are made
in the cytoplasm
_____________________ different types of RNA are involved in making
protein:
o _____________________________ RNA (mRNA)
o _____________________________ RNA (rRNA)
o _____________________________ RNA (tRNA)
_____________________ carries the message or code outside of the
nucleus
_____________________ makes up part of the ribosome
_____________________ brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome
for protein construction
Transcription
 _________________________ produces a single-stranded molecule of
RNA
 _______________ strand of DNA is the template or pattern
 The steps of transcription are:
o The DNA molecule ________________ up along a gene
o RNA nucleotides (A, U, C, G) _______________________ and join the
open DNA strand
o The complete RNA strand is _______________________ and moves
to the cytoplasm
 Transcription is different than _______________________:
o Only _____________ strand of DNA is transcribed so only one strand
of mRNA is produced
o The _________________ is released, it does not stay attached to the
DNA
o Many copies of mRNA can be made from a single gene in a short
period of time
Translation
 Translation is how cells __________________________ the language or
code of nucleotide bases into the language of amino acids
 Translation occurs in the ___________________________ at the ribosome
 IF DNA is the cookbook, and mRNA is the recipe, then the ribosome is the
__________________________ and tRNA is the ________________!
 _________________________ is part of the ribosome that attaches to the
mRNA
 ____________________ has a triplet of bases on one end and can attach to
a single amino acid on the other end
 tRNA does the ____________________________ of bases to amino acids
when it maches up with ___________________________
 Translation begins when a ribosome _____________________ to the
beginning of an mRNA molecule
 A tRNA molecule carrying an amino acid __________________ to a
complementary triplet on mRNA on the ribosome
 The ribosome attaches one ____________________________ to another
as it moves along the mRNA molecule
 The _______________ molecules are released after the amino acids they
carry are attached to the growing chain of amino acids
 The ribosome completes the translation when it reache the end of the
mRNA strand and the newly made protein molecule is released
Transcription
DNA
Translation
RNA
Protein