Properties of Matter
NOTES

© 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham
Pure Substances
 A pure substance is matter that always
has exactly the same composition.
 Every sample of a substance has the same
properties.
 An element is a substance that contains
only ONE TYPE OF ATOM.
 A compound contains only ONE TYPE OF
MOLECULE (molecules are atoms that are
chemically combined in a fixed
proportion).
Examples of Substances
 Examples of ELEMENTS are:
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, & gold
 The short way to write down an element’s
name is called a chemical symbol.
 (C, N, O, & Au)
 Examples of COMPOUNDS are:
water, carbon dioxide, salt, & sugar
 The short way to show the number of
elements in a compound is called a chemical
formula.
 (H2O, CO2, NaCl, C12H22O11)
Learning Check Questions
 Ready your remote
Which type of substance contains only
one type of atom?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Compound
2.Element
3.Mixture
4.Solution
Which type of substance contains more than
one type of atom but only one type of
molecule?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Compound
2.Element
3.Mixture
4.Solution
Counting Atoms in Compounds
 Using the chemical formula for
each compound, determine the
number of atoms in each compound.
H2O
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
2 hydrogen & 2 oxygen atoms
2 hydrogen & 1 oxygen atom
1 hydrogen & 2 oxygen atoms
2 hydrogen & 0 oxygen atoms
C3H8
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
3 carbon & 8 hydrogen atoms
3 carbon & 3 hydrogen atoms
8 carbon & 3 hydrogen atoms
11 carbon & 8 hydrogen atoms
CO2
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
2 carbon & 2 oxygen atoms
2 carbon & 1 oxygen atom
1 carbon & 2 oxygen atoms
0 carbon & 2 oxygen atoms
CH4
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
4 carbon & 4 hydrogen atoms
1 carbon & 4 hydrogen atoms
4 carbon & 1 hydrogen atoms
2 carbon & 4 hydrogen atoms
Mixtures
 Mixtures contain more than one substance (not
chemically combined).
 Mixtures retain some of the properties of their
individual substances, but can vary because the
composition of a mixture is not fixed.
 In a heterogeneous mixture, the parts are
noticeably different.
 In a homogenous mixture (or solution), the
parts are so thoroughly mixed that it is hard to
see the separate substances. It appears to be
one substance
Compound or Mixture?
 A compound is made up of
more than one element
chemically combined.
 A mixture contains more than
one substance physically mixed
together.
Raisin Bran cereal is what type of
mixture?
0%
0%
1. Homogeneous mixture
2. Heterogeneous mixture
Pepperoni pizza is what type of
mixture?
0%
0%
1. Homogeneous mixture
2. Heterogeneous mixture
Salt water is what type of mixture?
0%
0%
1. Homogeneous mixture
2. Heterogeneous mixture
Kool-aid is what type of mixture?
0%
0%
1. Homogeneous mixture
2. Heterogeneous mixture
Classifying Matter Summary

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WB0Kr8VA-74
Classifying Matter
 Return your remote
 COMPLETE p.13-14 “Classifying
Matter”
Entrance questions
Ready your remotes
Which type of substance contains only
one type of atom?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Compound
2.Element
3.Mixture
4.Solution
Which type of substance contains more than
one type of atom but only one type of
molecule?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Compound
2.Element
3.Mixture
4.Solution
Practice questions
1.) Observe the chemical formulas
for each of the following
compounds.
2.) Identify the correct number of
atoms of each element.
Al2O3
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. 1 aluminum & 2 iodine & 3 oxygen
atoms
2. 2 aluminum & 3 oxygen
3. 3 aluminum & 2 oxygen
4.2 aluminum & 5 oxygen
FeO3
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. 3 iron & 3 oxygen
2. 1 iron & 3 oxygen
3. 1 iron & 1 oxygen
4. 0 iron & 3 oxygen
Al(NO3)3
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. 3 aluminum & 3 nitrogen & 9 oxygen
2. 1 aluminum & 3 nitrogen & 9 oxygen
3. 3 aluminum & 1 nitrogen & 3 oxygen
4. 1 aluminum & 1 nitrogen & 9 oxygen
2 Ca2O
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. 2 calcium & 2 oxygen
2. 4 calcium & 2 oxygen
3. 4 calcium & 4 oxygen
4. 2 calcium & 4 oxygen
3 Ca3(PO4)2
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. 3 calcium & 1 phosphorus & 8
oxygen
2. 3 calcium & 3 phosphorus & 12
oxygen
3. 9 calcium & 3 phosphorus & 8
oxygen
4. 9 calcium & 6 phosphorus & 24
oxygen
Properties of Matter
NOTES

© 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham
Properties of Matter
 Properties are the characteristics,
traits, or behaviors that we can
use to identify samples of matter
and distinguish them from one
another.
 Water, for example, has different
properties than aluminum.
Two TYPES of Properties
 Physical properties can be
changed without changing the
composition of the material
itself.
 Chemical properties, if
changed, would result in the
formation of a new substance.
Physical Properties & Changes
 A physical change is any change in
a material that does not change
the material into a new substance.
 Examples:
Folding paper, Ripping paper,
Adding salt to water, Breaking
an egg
Physical Properties
 Physical properties are any
characteristics that could
change without forming a new
substance.
 Size, shape, color, taste, odor,
magnetism, and temperature
are all physical properties.
Chemical Properties & Changes
 A chemical change is any change
in a material that changes the
material into a new substance.
 Examples:
Burning paper, Cooking an egg,
Fireworks exploding, Iron
rusting
Chemical Properties
 Chemical properties are
characteristics that can be
observed when a material changes
into a new substance.
 Chemical changes are often
accompanied by the release or
absorption of energy in the form
of heat, light, or sound.
Physical or Chemical Change?
 A physical change DOES
NOT form a new substance.
 A chemical change DOES
form at least one new
substance.
Learning Checks
Ready your remotes
A change resulting in a new substance
is called a
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Physical change
2.Chemical change
3.Nuclear change
4.Mixture
A change resulting in no new substance
at all is called a
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Physical change
2.Chemical change
3.Nuclear change
4.Mixture
Creating a mixture would involve what
type of change?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Physical change
2.Chemical change
3.Nuclear change
4.Mixture
Creating a compound would involve
what type of change?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Physical change
2.Chemical change
3.Nuclear change
4.Mixture
Classifying Matter
PACKET p.13 - 14

© 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham
Properties of Matter
 Return your remote
 Complete PROPERTIES PACKET
p.15-16 “Mixtures & Compounds”
Review questions
Ready your remotes
3 SiO2
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. 3 silicon & 6 oxygen
2. 6 silicon & 12 oxygen
3. 3 silicon & 2 oxygen
4. 3 silver 1 iron & 2 oxygen
A change resulting in a new substance
is called a
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Physical change
2.Chemical change
3.Nuclear change
4.Mixture
Videos
Physical & Chemical Change Song
Physical Changes Song
Creating a mixture would involve what
type of change?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Physical change
2.Chemical change
3.Nuclear change
4.Mixture
2 Al(OH)3
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. 2 aluminum & 6 oxygen & 3
hydrogen
2. 2 aluminum & 2 oxygen & 3
hydrogen
3. 2 aluminum & 6 oxygen & 6
hydrogen
4. 2 aluminum & 3 oxygen & 3
hydrogen
Physical or Chemical Change?
JOURNAL # 1
 Demonstration
 Record in your journal EVERY
physical & chemical change you
see!!!
Review questions
Return your remotes
Make sure you have pages 15 – 16 done.
Videos
Hindenburg 1
Hindenburg 2
Properties
 PROPERTIES SONG
Entrance Questions
 Ready your Remote
Creating a mixture would involve what
type of change?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Physical change
2.Chemical change
3.Nuclear change
4.Atomic change
2 Li2O
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. 1 lithium & 2 oxygen
2. 2 lithium & 1 oxygen
3. 4 lithium & 2 oxygen
4. 4 lithium & 4 oxygen
Properties
 PAGE 3
Physical Properties
 Mass is the amount of matter that
makes up an object.
 Volume is the amount of space an
object takes up
 Weight is the force of gravity on an
object.
 MASS video clip 1
 MASS v. WEIGHT video clip 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
 VOLUME video clip 1 , 2 , 3
Physical Properties
 Density is the amount of matter packed
into a given volume
 Melting point is the temperature at
which a substance changes from solid to
liquid.
 Boiling point is the temperature at
which a substance changes from liquid
to gas.
 Density Clip 1 , 2 , 3
 Distillation Videos 1 , 2 , 3
Physical Properties
 State (or phase) of matter
describes whether a substance
is a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma.
 Luster is how well a substance
reflects light.
 Texture is how rough or smooth
a substance is.
Physical Properties
 Electrical conductivity is how
easily a substance allows
electricity to flow through it.
 Thermal conductivity is how
easily a substance allows heat to
flow through it.
Physical Properties
 Malleability is the ability of a
substance to be hammered
without shattering
 Ductility is the ability of a
substance to be stretched into a
wire.
 Malleability video clip 1
 Ductility video clip 1
This property is a measurement of how well a
material allows heat to move through it.
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Ductility
2.Tenacity
3.Electrical Conductivity
4.Thermal Conductivity
Physical Properties
 Hardness is a measure of a substance’s
resistance to scratching
 Tenacity is a substance’s strength
against being pulled apart.
 Elasticity is the ability of a substance
to return to its original shape after
being stretched.
Tensile strength (tenacity) test video clip 1 , 2 , 3
Elasticity video clip 1 , 2
Physical Properties
 Porosity is the ability of a solid to allow
fluids to pass through it.
 Solubility is the ability of a substance
to dissolve in another substance.
 Viscosity is the tendency of a liquid to
resist flowing.
 Porosity video clip 1 , 2 , 3
 Solubility video clip 1 , 2
 Viscosity video clip 1 , 2 , 3, 4
This property describes a fluids tendency to
resist flowing. It is often described as its
“stickiness” or “thickness.”
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Porosity
2.Density
3.Viscosity
4.Ductility
List of Physical Properties
 Size, shape, color, taste, odor,
magnetism, temperature, mass,
volume, weight, density, melting
point, boiling point, state or phase,
luster, texture, electrical
conductivity, thermal conductivity,
malleability, ductility, hardness,
tenacity, elasticity, porosity,
solubility, viscosity
VIDEO Practice
 Matter: Form & Substance in
the Universe
(Look for Properties)
 Physical & Chemical
Properties & Changes WS
Properties Notes
 Ready your remote
Which of the following properties describes
a substances ability to be hammered into a
new shape ?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Malleability
2.Electrical conductivity
3.Flammability
4.Mass
List of Physical Properties
 Size, shape, color, taste, odor,
magnetism, temperature, mass,
volume, weight, density, melting
point, boiling point, state or phase,
luster, texture, electrical
conductivity, thermal conductivity,
malleability, ductility, hardness,
tenacity, elasticity, porosity,
solubility, viscosity
JOURNAL #2
 Pick any object in your house.
 Do not share it with anyone.
 Describe it with at least 7 different physical
properties
 (Be sure to be specific… i.e. blue color,
high melting point, large volume, etc.)
Properties Notes
PAGE 3
Chemical Properties
 Reactivity is how well a substance
combines chemically with other
substances.  VIDEO 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
 Acidic substances behave like
acids.
 VIDEO 1 , 2 , 3
 Basic substances behave like
bases.
 VIDEO 1 , 2 , 3
Chemical Properties
Flammability is a material’s ability
to burn when exposed to oxygen.
 VIDEO 1 , 2
Combustible materials tend to
burn more rapidly in the
presence of oxygen.
 VIDEO 1 , 2
Chemical Properties
 Corrosive substances “eat away”
other substances
 VIDEO 1 , 2
 Tarnishable substances may
have their luster reduced by
chemical reactions.
 VIDEO 1 , 2
Chemical Properties
 Explosive substances react
violently when in contact with
other substances.
 VIDEO 1 , 2
 Photosynthetic substances are
able to undergo photosynthesis.
  VIDEO 1, 2
Which of the following is a chemical
property?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Malleability
2.Electrical conductivity
3.Flammability
4.Mass
Properties
 Return your Remote
 Complete p.17 Knowing the
Properties of Matter
Entrance Questions
 Ready your Remote
Which of the following is a chemical
property?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Malleability
2.Electrical conductivity
3.Flammability
4.Mass
Which of the following is a chemical change?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Melting ice
2.Mold forming on bread
3.Breaking glass
4.Dissolving salt in water
Properties
 PAGE 4
More Focus on a PHYSICAL
PROPERTY: Conductivity
 Conductivity describes a
material’s ability to allow energy
to be transferred through it.
 Conductors have high
conductivity.
 Insulators have low conductivity.
Electrical Conductivity
 An electrical conductor is a
material that allows the easy
flow of electricity through it.
 Copper, silver, gold, and most
other metals are good
electrical conductors.
Electrical Conductivity
 An electrical insulator is a
material that DOES NOT allow
the easy flow of electricity
through it.
 Rubber, plastic, wood, and many
non-metals are electrical
insulators.
Thermal Conductivity
 A thermal conductor is a
material that allows the easy
flow of heat through it.
 Copper, silver, gold, and most
other metals are also good
thermal conductors.
Thermal Conductivity
 An thermal insulator is a material
that DOES NOT allow the easy
flow of heat through it. (Thermal
insulators hold the heat in.)
 Rubber, Styrofoam, insulation,
air, and many non-metals are
good thermal insulators.
Learning Checks
 Ready your Remote
Which of the following is an electrical
insulator?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Aluminum
2.Water
3.Plastic
4.Copper
Which of the following is a thermal
conductor?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Thinsulate
2.Water
3.Plastic
4.Copper
Which of the following is a thermal insulator?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Styrofoam
2.Iron
3.Water
4.Copper
Conductivity Video Clip
 Notice the action of the atoms!!!
 (7:00 min – 10:00 min)
 ..\U2 - Properties of
Matter\Conductivity.asf
Learning check
 Ready your Remote
A material that allows electricity to flow
through it easily would be called a(n)
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Electrical Insulator
2. Thermal Insulator
3. Electrical Conductor
4. Thermal Conductor
5. Electrical Regulator
A material that is an efficient blocker of heat
would be called a(n)
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Electrical Insulator
2. Thermal Insulator
3. Electrical Conductor
4. Thermal Conductor
5. Electrical Regulator
A material that is touching a hot plate & feels
extremely hot would be an example of a(n)
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Electrical Insulator
2. Thermal Insulator
3. Electrical Conductor
4. Thermal Conductor
5. Electrical Regulator
A material that is touching an ice cube & feels
cold would be an example of a(n)
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Electrical Insulator
2. Thermal Insulator
3. Electrical Conductor
4. Thermal Conductor
5. Electrical Regulator
A material that is touching an ice cube & does
not feel cold would be an example of a(n)
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Electrical Insulator
2. Thermal Insulator
3. Electrical Conductor
4. Thermal Conductor
5. Electrical Regulator
Conductivity Mini-lab
 Create a table with 6 columns
 1.) Electrical conductor
 2.) Thermal conductor
JOURNAL # 3
Conductivity Mini-lab
MATERIAL
Electrical
Conductor?
Thermal
Conductor?
MATERIAL
Iron
(Steel)
Oak
Aluminum
Poplar
Copper
PVC
Brass
Acrylic
Pine
Nylon
Electrical
Conductor?
Thermal
Conductor?
Conductivity Mini-lab
 Answers
Conductivity Mini-lab
MATERIAL
Electrical Conductor?
Thermal Conductor?
Iron
yes
yes
Aluminum
yes
yes
Copper
yes
yes
Brass
yes
yes
Pine
no
no
Oak
no
no
Poplar
no
no
PVC
no
no
Acrylic
no
no
Nylon
no
no
List of Physical Properties
 Size, shape, color, taste, odor,
magnetism, temperature, mass,
volume, weight, density, melting
point, boiling point, state or phase,
luster, texture, electrical
conductivity, thermal conductivity,
malleability, ductility, hardness,
tenacity, elasticity, porosity,
solubility, viscosity
JOURNAL #4
 Describe the balloon with at least 10
different properties (BOTH PHYSICAL &
CHEMICAL)
 (Be sure to be specific… i.e. blue color,
high melting point, large volume, etc.)
Entrance Questions
 Ready your Remote
This property describes a fluids tendency to
resist flowing. It is often described as its
“stickiness” or “thickness.”
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Porosity
2.Density
3.Viscosity
4.Ductility
This property is a measurement of how well a
material allows heat to move through it.
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Ductility
2.Tenacity
3.Electrical Conductivity
4.Thermal Conductivity
This property is a measurement of the amount
of matter that makes up an object.
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Volume
2.Mass
3.Temperature
4.Ductility
This property is a measurement of the amount
of space that an object takes up.
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.Volume
2.Mass
3.Temperature
4.Ductility
Notes
 P. 4 Density
Physical Property: Density
 Density is a ratio of an object’s
mass to its volume.
 Density = Mass
D=m
Volume
V
 Density is basically a measure of
how crowded a material’s atoms
are.
Density is very useful!!
 Every pure substance has its
own unique, exact density.
 This density can be used to
determine its identity or its
purity.
 For example, all samples of pure
gold have densities of 19.3 g/mL.
Calculating Density
1.) Mass = 400 g
Volume = 40 mL
Density = Mass / Volume
Density = 400g / 40mL
Density = 10 g/mL
Density
2.) Mass = 400 g
Volume = 20 mL
D = m/V
D = 400 g / 20 mL
D = 20 g/mL
Density
3.) Mass = 800 g
Volume = 20 mL
D = m/V
D = 800 g / 20 mL
D = 40 g/mL
Calculating Mass
4.) Mass = V x D
Volume = 40 mL
Density = 5 g/mL
m = 40mL x 5 g/mL
m = 200 g
Calculating Volume
5.) Volume = m / D
Mass = 100 g
Density = 5 g/mL
V = 100g / (5 g/mL)
V = 20 mL
Learning Check
 Ready your Remote
If an object has a mass of 500g & a volume
of100mL, what is its density?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
50,000 g/mL
500 g/mL
50 g/mL
5 g/mL
If an object has a mass of 50g & a volume
of100mL, what is its density?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
0.5 g/mL
2 g/mL
20 g/mL
5,000 g/mL
If an object has a mass of 120g & a volume
of 40mL, what is its density?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
48,000 g/mL
160 g/mL
3 g/mL
0.33 g/mL
Nice Work!!!
 INDEPENDENT SEATWORK:
 Don’t forget your textbook &
calculator tomorrow!!!!
Properties Quiz
 Ready your remotes
Nice Work!!!
 You may return your remotes now
 Pick up a “Density Cube Set” paper
 Pick up a “Chapter 2 Reading Organizer”
paper
 Homework/Classwork is page 21.
Density Cube Set Lab
 1.) Find the mass of each cube
 2.) Find the volume of each cube
 (1 cm3 = 1 mL)
 3.) Calculate density
D=m/V
Density Cube Set Lab
Material
Copper
Brass
Steel
Aluminum
Acrylic
Oak
Nylon
Pine
Poplar
PVC
PP
Ironwood
MASS
VOLUME
Calculate
d Density
Actual
Density
Sink or
Float?
Entrance Questions
 Ready your Remote
If an object has a mass of 200g & a volume
of 20mL, what is its density? (D = m/V)
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
10 g/mL
20 g/mL
200 g/mL
4,000 g/mL
If an object has a mass of 600g & a volume
of 20mL, what is its density? (D = m/V)
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
3 g/mL
20 g/mL
30 g/mL
12,000 g/mL
Density Cube Set Lab
 1.) Take out your worksheet
 2.) Record the actual density
in the final column
 3.) See how close you got to
the correct answers
Density Cube Set Lab
Material
Copper
Brass
Steel
Aluminum
Acrylic
Oak
Nylon
Pine
Poplar
PVC
PP
Ironwood
MASS
VOLUME
Calculate
d Density
Actual
Density
Sink or
Float?
Density Cube Set Lab
Material
Actual Density
Copper
8.9 g/mL
Brass
8.0 g/mL
Steel
7.6 g/mL
Aluminum
2.7 g/mL
Acrylic
1.2 g/mL
Oak
0.7 g/mL
Nylon
1.1 g/mL
Pine
0.4 g/mL
Poplar
0.4 g/mL
PVC
1.4 g/mL
Polypropylene
0.9 g/mL
Ironwood
1.3 g/mL
Density Cube Set Lab
Material
Actual Density
Copper
8.9 g/mL
Brass
8.0 g/mL
Steel
7.6 g/mL
Aluminum
2.7 g/mL
Acrylic
1.2 g/mL
Oak
0.7 g/mL
Nylon
1.1 g/mL
Pine
0.4 g/mL
Poplar
0.4 g/mL
PVC
1.4 g/mL
Polypropylene
0.9 g/mL
Ironwood
1.3 g/mL
Sink or Float?
Density of Water = 1.0 g/mL
Material
Actual Density
Sink or Float?
Copper
8.9 g/mL
SINK
Brass
8.0 g/mL
SINK
Steel
7.6 g/mL
SINK
Aluminum
2.7 g/mL
SINK
Acrylic
1.2 g/mL
SINK
Oak
0.7 g/mL
FLOAT
Nylon
1.1 g/mL
SINK
Pine
0.4 g/mL
FLOAT
Poplar
0.4 g/mL
FLOAT
PVC
1.4 g/mL
SINK
Polypropylene
0.9 g/mL
FLOAT
Ironwood
1.3 g/mL
SINK
Notes
 Turn to page 6
 IDENTIFICATION BY
DENSITY!!
Density Table
Substance
Water
Sulfur
Titanium
Silver
Density
1.0 g/mL
2.1 g/mL
4.4 g/mL
10.5 g/mL
Identification by Density
 A substance has a mass of 105
grams and a volume of 50
milliliters. What is this
substance?
 D = m/V = 105 g / 50mL
 D = 2.1 g/mL  SULFUR
Identification by Density
 A substance has a mass of 315
grams and a volume of 30
milliliters. What is this
substance?
 D = m/V = 315 g / 30mL
 D = 10.5 g/mL  SILVER
Identification by Density
 A substance has a mass of 500
grams and a volume of 500
milliliters. What is this
substance?
 D = m/V = 500 g / 500 mL
 D = 1.0 g/mL  WATER
Calculating Volume
 A sample of sulfur has a mass
of 1260 grams. Calculate its
volume.
 V = m/D = 1260 g / 2.1 g/mL
V = 600 mL
Calculating Mass
 A sample of titanium has a
volume of 500mL. What is its
mass?
 m = V x D = 500mL x 4.4 g/mL
m = 2200 grams
Which of the following pure substances could
have a mass of 220g & a volume of 50mL?
(D = m/V)
0%
1.) water
0%
2.) sulfur
0%
3.) titanium
0%
4.) silver
Which of the following pure substances could
have a mass of 157.5g & a volume of 75mL?
(D = m/V)
0%
1.) water
0%
2.) sulfur
0%
3.) titanium
0%
4.) silver
Which of the following pure substances could
have a mass of 330g & a volume of 75mL?
(D = m/V)
0%
1.) water
0%
2.) sulfur
0%
3.) titanium
0%
4.) silver
Density Problems
 Turn in remotes
 Turn in Density Cube Set WS
 Properties Packet p. 22
 Chapter 2 Reading Organizer
Entrance Questions
 Ready your Remote
The measurement of the amount of matter
packed into a certain amount of space is
25%
25%
25%
25%
1. volume
2. melting point
3. weight
4. density
Which of the following is NOT a property
of stainless steel (like that used in
“silverware”) ?
1. High tarnishability
2. High melting point
3. High hardness
4. Silver color
Properties of Matter
 COMPLETE CHAPTER 2
READING ORGANIZER!!!
 Identification by Density
 1.)Find Mass of Substance & Container using
balance
 2.)Subtract mass of container to find mass of
substance only
 3.)Determine Density of Substance (D=m/V)
 4.)Identify Substance based on its density
Properties of Matter
 JOURNAL#5
 Why does diet coke float
& coke sink?
Properties of Matter
 TURN TO PAGE 23 of your
Properties Packet
What determines if an object will
sink or float in a fluid?
Density Cube Set Lab
Material
Actual Density
Sink or Float?
Copper
8.9 g/mL
SINK
Brass
8.0 g/mL
SINK
Steel
7.6 g/mL
SINK
Aluminum
2.7 g/mL
SINK
Acrylic
1.2 g/mL
SINK
Oak
0.7 g/mL
FLOAT
Nylon
1.1 g/mL
SINK
Pine
0.4 g/mL
FLOAT
Poplar
0.4 g/mL
FLOAT
PVC
1.4 g/mL
SINK
Polypropylene
0.9 g/mL
FLOAT
Ironwood
1.3 g/mL
SINK
Density & Floating
 If a substance is MORE DENSE than
the fluid, it will SINK.
 Dsubstance > Dfluid  SINK
 If a substance is LESS DENSE than
the fluid, it will FLOAT.
 Dsubstance < Dfluid  FLOAT
Density of Water = 1.0 g/mL
Material
Actual Density
Sink or Float?
Copper
8.9 g/mL
SINK
Brass
8.0 g/mL
SINK
Steel
7.6 g/mL
SINK
Aluminum
2.7 g/mL
SINK
Acrylic
1.2 g/mL
SINK
Oak
0.7 g/mL
FLOAT
Nylon
1.1 g/mL
SINK
Pine
0.4 g/mL
FLOAT
Poplar
0.4 g/mL
FLOAT
PVC
1.4 g/mL
SINK
Polypropylene
0.9 g/mL
FLOAT
Ironwood
1.3 g/mL
SINK
1.) Chicken noodle soup is an example of
a(n)
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Element
2.Compound
3.Homogeneous mixture
4.Heterogeneous mixture
2.) A diamond allows heat to flow through it
really well, so it is a(n)
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Electrical conductor
2.Electrical insulator
3.Thermal conductor
4.Thermal insulator
3.) A substance composed of more than one
type of atom, but only one type of molecule is
called a(n)
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Element
2.Compound
3.Homogeneous mixture
4.Heterogeneous mixture
4.) What would be the mass of an object with
a density of 4.4g/mL and a volume of 100mL?
(m = V x D)
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. 440 g
2. 22.7 g
3. 440 mL
4. 0.044 g
5.) Would polypropylene (D = 0.9 g/mL)
float on water (D = 1.0 g/mL)?
0%
0%
0%
1. Yes, it would float
2.No, it would sink to the bottom
3.It would sink half way to the bottom
6.) Which of the following is a chemical
property?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Boiling point
2.Luster
3.Corrosive
4.Solubility
7.) The measurement of how much mass is
contained in a given volume is called
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Weight
2.Melting point
3.Solubility
4.Density
8.) Aluminum has a density of 2.7g/mL.
If a material has a mass of 300g and a
volume of 100mL, can it be pure aluminum?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Yes
2.No
3.Maybe – it depends on its weight
4.Maybe – it depends on its temperature
Which of the following is NOT a
property of gold?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. High malleability
2. High melting point
3. Low hardness
4. High reactivity
JOURNAL # 6
 Using your scientific knowledge, try
to explain in detail how the Cartesian
diver works.
States of Matter
Notes
Created in 2006/2010 by Tim F. Rowbotham
Important Definitions
Matter – anything that has mass
and volume
Energy – ability to do work or cause
change
Kinetic Energy – the energy an
object has due to its motion
State of Matter
Materials are classified in different states (or
phases) of matter based on composition and
temperature.
There are currently 5 accepted states of
matter:
solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and BoseEinstein condensates.
Kinetic Theory
The kinetic theory states that all
matter is made of tiny particles that
are in constant motion.
It explains the characteristics (or
properties) of matter in terms of the
energy of these particles
Kinetic Theory & Solids
 The atoms in a solid are held
close together by strong
forces of attraction
 The atoms have very low
kinetic energy
 The atoms seem to vibrate, but do
not move around
Solids
 Solids have a definite shape
 Solids have a definite volume
Learning Checks

READY YOUR REMOTE
“All matter is made out of tiny particles that
are in constant motion.” This is called
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Newton’s Law
Particle theory
The theory of relativity
The kinetic theory
Atoms in a solid are
0%
0%
0%
1. Close to one another
2. Far away from other atoms
3. Always the same distance apart
Atoms in a solid move
0%
0%
0%
1. A lot
2. Very little
3. According to the theory of relativity
Crystalline Solids
 Atoms are arranged in repeating
geometric patterns
 Considered “true” solids & tend
to hold their shape
 Examples: salt, ice, diamonds,
sugar, aluminum, graphite
Draw atoms of a
Crystalline Solid
Draw atoms of a
Crystalline Solid
Amorphous Solids
 Atoms have no repeating pattern
 Amorphous means “without form”
 Same properties as crystalline solids,
but have no distinct melting point
 Examples: glass, wax, plastic,
styrofoam, coal, rubber
Draw atoms of an
Amorphous Solid
Entrance Questions

READY YOUR REMOTE
A crystalline solid has atoms that
0%
0%
0%
0%
2.
1.
Move a lot
Are arranged in a repeating pattern
3.
Are randomly arranged
4.
Do not move
“All matter is made out of tiny particles that
are in constant motion.” This is called
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Newton’s Law
Particle theory
The kinetic theory
The theory of relativity
Draw atoms of an
Amorphous Solid
Examples of Crystalline & Amorphous
Solids
Examples of Crystalline & Amorphous
Solids
Examples of Crystalline Solids
Carbon nanotube
Examples of Crystalline Solids
Table Salt
Examples of Crystalline Solids
Examples of Crystalline Solids
Examples of Crystalline Solids
Learning Checks

READY YOUR REMOTE
An amorphous solid has
25%
25%
25%
25%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Atoms that move a lot
atoms arranged in a repeating pattern
atoms that are randomly arranged
atoms that do not move
Kinetic Theory & Liquids
 The forces of attraction between
atoms in a liquid are not strong
enough to hold them together
 Atoms in a liquid are close, but have
enough kinetic energy to roll over
and around each other
Liquids
 Because its atoms move over and
around each other, a liquid has the
ability to flow.
 Liquids do not have definite shape;
liquids take the shape of their
container
 Liquids have a definite volume.
Draw Atoms in a Liquid
Liquids

Liquids
Kinetic Theory & Gases
 Atoms in a gas have high enough
kinetic energy that they are not held
by the attractive forces of other
atoms
 Atoms in a gas may be spread far
apart and may collide with each
other with great force
Gases
 Because atoms in a gas move
around a lot, gases have no definite
shape or volume
 Gases take the shape of their
container but also can be
compressed
Draw Atoms in a Gas
Learning Checks

READY YOUR REMOTE
“All matter is made out of tiny particles that
are in constant motion.” This is called
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Newton’s Law
Particle theory
The kinetic theory
The theory of relativity
Which of the following has atoms that are still
close together but have enough energy to roll
over and around each other?
0%
1. Solid
2. Liquid
0%
3. Gases
0%
4. Plasma
0%
Which of the following has atoms that are far
apart and move rapidly?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Solids
Liquids
Gases
Bose-Einstein condensates
Which of the following has atoms that are
close together and vibrate in place?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Solid
Liquid
Gases
Plasma
States of Matter
 States of Matter Video Clip
 States of Matter Song
Kinetic Theory & Plasmas
 Atoms in a plasma have
extremely high kinetic energy
 Atoms in a plasma collide with
such great force that the electrons
are knocked out of the atoms
Plasmas
 Plasmas have the same properties as
gases, except that they are
electrically charged
 Plasma makes up 90% of the matter
in the universe
 Plasma is found in stars, neon &
fluorescent lights, & lightning
Plasmas
 Plasma the Fourth State
 Plasma video clip 1
 Plasma video clip 2
 Plasma video clip 3
Bose-Einstein Condensates
 Scientists in 1995 decided to
classify matter into a fifth state Bose-Einstein Condensates.
 This state of matter only exists at
very low temperatures (near
absolute zero).
Bose-Einstein Condensates
 BEC Video clip 1
 BEC Video clip 2
States of Matter
State
Shape
Volume
Particle
Spacing
Particle
Motion
Kinetic
Energy
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
States of Matter
State
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Shape
Definite
Varies
Varies
Varies
Volume
Definite
Definite
Varies
Varies
Particle Packed
Close
Spread out
Spacing
tight
Particle
Vibrate Roll over Bounce off
Motion
in place each other each other
Kinetic
Very low
Low
High
Energy
Spread
out
Violent
collisions
Very high
States of Matter
Return your Remotes
Complete page 26 – 28 of your
Packet
p.26 Venn Diagram
p.27-28 Solids, Liquids, & Gases
Learning Checks

READY YOUR REMOTE
“All matter is made out of tiny particles that
are in constant motion.” This is called
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Newton’s Law
Particle theory
The kinetic theory
The theory of relativity
How is a plasma different from a gas?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Plasma atoms are moving slower
A plasma has free electrons
Atoms of a plasma are larger
Atoms of a plasma are smaller
Properties of Matter Notes
Turn to page 10
Bose-Einstein Condensates
 Scientists in 1995 decided to
classify matter into a fifth state Bose-Einstein Condensates.
 This state of matter only exists at
very low temperatures (near
absolute zero).
Bose-Einstein Condensates
 BEC Video clip 1
 BEC Video clip 2
An amorphous solid has atoms that
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Move a lot
Are arranged in a repeating pattern
Are randomly arranged
Do not move
A substance at a higher temperature means
that
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Its atoms are moving faster
Its atoms are moving slower
Its atoms are larger
Its atoms are smaller
A substance contracts at a lower
temperature because
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Its atoms are moving faster
Its atoms are moving slower
Its atoms are larger
Its atoms are smaller
Temperature Scales
 Fahrenheit 
oF
 Celsius
oC
 Kelvin


K
Temperature Scales
Temperature Scales
Temperature
 Measuring Temperature - Eureka
 Temperature Scales video clip
 Eureka - Temperature vs. Heat
Learning Checks
 Ready your remote
What temperature scale begins at the
freezing point of water?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Fahrenheit
Celsius
Kelvin
Newton’s
What do scientists think would happen at
the theoretical temperature of absolute
zero?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Atoms stop moving
Nuclear fusion
Atoms explode
Atoms change into antimatter
Entrance Video
 Molecules in Motion
Changes in State
 If the atoms that make up a
substance gain enough kinetic
energy, they can overcome the
forces of attraction and change to a
new state. This usually occurs at a
specific temperature.
Changes in State
 If the atoms that make up a
substance lose enough kinetic
energy, they will be attracted to
other atoms and change state. This
also usually occurs at a specific
temperature.
Names for State Changes
 Melting – change from a solid to a
liquid; occurs at a substance’s
melting point (m.p.)
 Freezing – change from liquid to a
solid; occurs at a substance’s
freezing point (f.p.)
 (Melting Point = Freezing Point)
Names for State Changes
 Condensation – change from a
gas to a liquid
 Vaporization – all types of
changes from liquid to a gas
Types of Vaporization
 Boiling – a change from liquid to gas
due to heating
 Occurs at the boiling point
 Evaporation – a change from liquid
to gas due to escape of surface atoms
of a liquid
 Occurs at any temperature (that it
remains a liquid)
Names for State Changes
 Sublimation – change from a
solid straight to a gas
 Deposition – change from a gas
to a solid without first becoming
a liquid
Phase Changes Video Clips
 Sublimation of Iodine
 Change in State
 Phase Changes
 Bangalore Iron Pour
JOURNAL #7
 USE THE KINETIC THEORY
to explain what happens to
the T1000.

Terminator 2 Video Clip
Exit Questions
 Ready your remote
A change in state from gas to liquid is called
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Melting
Freezing
Vaporizing
Condensing
A change in state from liquid to gas that
only occurs at the surface of a liquid is
called
1.
2.
3.
0%
0%
0%
0%
4.
Melting
Freezing
Boiling
Evaporation
Classwork Assignments
 RETURN REMOTES
 Turn to page 29 “Changes in State”
 Complete p. 30-31 “Thermal Energy &
Changes in State”
JOURNAL #8
 USE THE KINETIC THEORY
to explain what happens to
the popcorn & balloon.
Entrance Questions
 Ready your remote
A substance contracts at a lower
temperature because
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Its atoms are moving faster
Its atoms are moving slower
Its atoms are larger
Its atoms are smaller
A change in state from liquid to solid is
called
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Melting
Freezing
Vaporizing
Condensing
A change in state from gas to solid is called
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sublimation
Deposition
Vaporization
Condensation
Tables - Solid, Liquid, or Gas?
 A substance remains a solid until its
temperature reaches its m.p.
WATER’s m.p. =
0°C
Below 0°C WATER
is a SOLID
Tables - Solid, Liquid, or Gas?
 A substance is a liquid so long as its
temperature is between its m.p. and
its b.p.
WATER’s m.p. =
0°C
Above 0°C WATER
has melted and
become liquid
Tables - Solid, Liquid, or Gas?
 A substance will be a gas as long as
its temperature is above its b.p.
WATER’s b.p. =
100°C
Above 100°C
WATER has boiled
and become a gas
Classwork Assignments
 RETURN REMOTES




Turn to page 32 “States of Matter”
Complete p. 33 “Substances & Their States”
Complete p.34 “Reading a Table of Properties”
The Properties packet should now be completed & include 8 journals!!