Power Point
Presentation
Prepared by:
Redbutts
Educational
System
(education)
G
rading in education is
the process of applying
standardized
measurements of varying
levels of achievement in a
course.
G
rades can be assigned in letters
(for example, A, B, C, D, or F), as
a range (for example 1 to 6), as a
percentage of a total number
correct, as a number out of a
possible total (for example out of
20 or 100), or as descriptors
(excellent,
great,
satisfactory,
needs improvement).
In some countries, all grades
from all current classes
are averaged to create
a
grade
point
average (GPA) for the
marking period. The GPA is
calculated by taking the
number of grade points a
student earned in a given
period of time divided by the
total number of credits taken.
The GPA can be used by potential
employers
or
educational
institutions to assess and compare
applicants. A Cumulative Grade
Point Average is a calculation of
the average of all of a student's
grades for all courses completed
so far.
History
of
grading
Yale University historian George
W. Pierson writes "According to
tradition the first grades issued at
Yale (and possibly the first in the
country) were given out in the
year 1785, when President Ezra
Stiles,
after
examining
58
Seniors, recorded in his diary that
there were 'Twenty Optimi,
sixteen
second
Optimi,
twelve
Inferiores
(Boni),
ten Pejores.'"
Keith Hoskin argues that the
concept of grading students' work
quantitatively was developed by a
tutor named William Farish and
first
implemented
by
the University of Cambridge in
1792.
Hoskin's assertion has been questioned by
Christopher Stray, who finds the evidence
for Farish as the inventor of the numerical
mark to be unpersuasive. Stray's article
elucidates
the
complex
relationship
between the mode of examination
(testing), in this case oral or written, and
the varying philosophies of education these
modes imply, both to teacher and student.
As a technology, grading both shapes and
reflects many fundamental areas of
educational theory and practice.
International grading systems
Most nations have individual
grading systems unique to their
own schools. However, several
international
standards
for
grading have arisen recently.
Academic
grading
in the
Philippines
T
he educational system of
the Philippines was patterned
both from the educational
systems
of
Spain
and
the United States. However,
after the liberation of the
Philippines in 1946, the system
changed radically.
Example of Grading Basis
Grading System
The Department of Education (or
DepEd) administers the entire
educational
system,
especially
the curriculum, along with the
utilization of given funds for school
services, equipment, recruitment of
teachers (for public schools only),
etc.
The former educational system of
the Philippines was composed of
6
years
of
elementary
education starting at the age of
6, and 4 years of high school
education starting at the age of
12. With this system, compulsory
education is not enforced.
However, 2011 signaled the start
of the implementation of a new
educational system, which is
the
K-12
educational
system, which includes the new
curricula for all schools (see 2010s
and the K-12 program). With this
system, education will be now
compulsory.
All public and private schools in the
Philippines must start classes from
a
date
mandated
by
the
Department of Education (usually
every first Monday of June for
public schools only), and must end
after each school completes the
mandated 200-day school calendar
of DepEd (usually around the third
week of March to the second week
of April).
PHILOSOPHY
The purpose of any system of reporting to parents is to
strengthen the home-school partnership and to
inform parents concerning student progress. The degree to
which parents are informed of the
philosophy of the school system, its programs, and the
assessment of students’ strengths and
weaknesses is important in establishing a positive attitude
toward school and a cooperative relationship
between school and home. Assessments should be
straightforward with teacher judgments based on
objective data.
The K-6 progress reports reflect the instructional
level of students. Progress reports
should be communicated in terms understood by
those involved. The main objective of an elementary
progress report is to communicate to parents what
students know and are able to do. Fairfax County
Public Schools takes this mission very seriously, and
is committed to providing the best possible
information to parents. Research shows that student
success is highly correlated with parent
involvement in school progress. Further, FCPS
believes that assessment and reporting of student.
Elementary
school
Elementary school, sometimes called primary
school or grade school (Filipino: paaralang
elementarya, sometimes mababang paaralan), is the
first part of the educational system, and it includes
the first six years of compulsory education (grades 16). These grades are further grouped (informally)
accordingly into: primary level, which includes the first
three grades (grades 1-3), and intermediate level,
which includes the last three grades (grades 4-6).
The elementary school education covers a smaller but
wider than the junior and senior high school because
of the spiral approach educational technique.
In public schools, the core/major subjects that is
introduced starting grade 1
include mathematics, Filipino, and Makabayan (until
grade 3, this subject is synonymous to social studies,
but also incorporate values education and the
fundamentals of political science).
English is only introduced after the 2nd semester of
grade 1. Science is only introduced starting grade
3. Heograpiya (geography), kasaysayan (history),
andsibika (civics) (abbreviated as HEKASI), is only
introduced starting grade 4 (similar also to social
studies but focuses more on the subjects earlier
stated). Minor subjects then
include music, arts, physical education,
and health (abbreviated as MAPEH).
In private schools, subjects in public schools also
include those of the public schools, with the
additional subjects including: computer
education and HELE (stands
for homeeconomics and livelihood education;
while in Christian schools or in Catholic
schools, religious education. International
schools also have their own subjects in their own
language and culture.
05.00
F
rom grades 1-3, students will be taught using
their
mother
tongue,
meaning
the
regional languages of the Philippines will be
used in some subjects (except Filipino and
English) as a medium of instruction. It may be
incorporated as a separate subject. But from
grade 4, Filipino and English as a medium of
instruction will then be used.
On December 2007, Philippine president Gloria
Macapagal Arroyo announced that Spanish is to
make a return as a mandatory subject in all
Filipino schools starting in 2008 but it didn't come
into effect.
DECS Bilingual Policy is for the medium of
instruction to be Filipino for: Filipino, Araling
Panlipunan, Edukasyong Pangkatawan, Kalusugan
at Musika; and English for: English, Science and
Technology, Home Economics and Livelihood
Education.Article XIV, Section 7 of the 1987
Philippine constitution mandates that regional
languages are the auxiliary official languages in
the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of
instruction therein
As a result, the language actually used in teaching is
often a polyglot of Filipino and English with the
regional language as the foundation, or rarely the
local language. Filipino is based on Tagalog, so in
Tagalog areas (including Manila), Filipino is the
foundational language used. Philippine regional
languages are used in the provinces in the teaching
of Makabayan. International English language
schools use English as the foundational language.
Chinese schools add two language subjects, such
as Min Nan Chinese and Mandarin Chinese and may
use English or Chinese as the foundational language.
The constitution mandates that Spanish and Arabic
shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis.
Following on this, a few private schools mainly
catering to the elite include Spanish in their
curriculum. Arabic is taught in Islamic schools
Until
2004,
primary
students
traditionally sat for the National
Elementary Achievement Test (NEAT)
administered by the Department of
Education, Culture and Sports (DECS).
It was intended as a measure of a
school's competence, and not as a
predictor of student aptitude or
success in Secondary school. Hence,
the scores obtained by students in the
NEAT were not used as a basis for
their admission into Secondary school.
During 2004, when DECS was officially
converted into the Department of Education
(DepEd), and also, as a result of some
reorganization, the NEAT was changed
to National Achievement Test (NAT) by the
Department of Education (DepEd). Both the
public and private elementary schools take
this exam to measure a school's competency.
As of 2006, only private schools have
entrance examinations for Secondary school.
The Department of
Education expects over
13.1 million elementary
students to be enrolled
in public elementary
schools for school year
2009–2010.
Though elementary schooling
is compulsory, latest official
figures show 27.82% of
Filipino
elementary-aged
children either never attend or
never complete elementary
schooling, usually due to the
absence of any school in their
area, education being offered
in a language that is foreign to
them, or financial distress.
In July 2009 DepEd acted to overcome the
foreign language problem by ordering all
elementary schools to move towards mothertongue based learning initially. The order
allows two alternative three-year bridging
plans. Depending on the bridging plan
adopted, the Filipino and English languages
are to be phased in as the language of
instruction for other subjects beginning in the
third and fourth grades.
The lowest degree of
Education is not about
illiteracy…
But being literately inclined
yet with an “Attitude” of
an uncivilized moron.
Author:
Redbutts Ash
Knowledge is acquired through perseverance, that the mere
sacrifices and hardships that get through when learning were
striven to achieve the ultimate goal – Success. It seizes the fact
that poverty is not a hindrance, but just an another inspiration to
go on with the objectives.
L
et me tell that I may not achieve the pedestals yet; but
surely I acquired great learning with Education.
-- Redbutts
The
End