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Explain how Spanish power increased under
Charles V and Phillip II.
Summarize how the arts flourished during
Spain’s Golden Age.
List why the Spanish economy declined in the
1600s.
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Divine Right
Armada
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Ferdinand and Isabella
Charles V
Phillip II
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Strong Government
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Reduce power of prominent Spanish nobility
 Removed nobles from important government
positions.
 Destroyed castles built without royal permission.
 Outlawed private warfare.
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Win support of other nobles
 Allowed them to marry members of Spanish royal
family and gave them honorary positions in the
government.
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Gain support of Church
 An alliance with the papacy, they gained the
authority to appoint bishops both in Spain and in
their American Colonies.
 They reformed the Church.
 They spent Church money on national projects.
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Completed reconquest of Spain from the Muslims.
 Defeated Granada in 1492.
 Unified Spain after eight centuries of political
division.
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Religious Persecution
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Isabella and Ferdinand persecuted their religious
opponents.
 They brought back the Inquisition and punished
suspected heretics.
 Jews were punished for practicing Judaism in
secret.
 1492 all Jews who refused to be baptized were
ordered to leave Spain.
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Religious Persecution
 In 1502 the rulers insisted that the
Muslims convert to Christianity.
 The Muslims that did not convert were
forced to leave Spain.
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The Price of Intolerance
 Spain paid a huge price for Isabella and
Ferdinand’s policies.
 The Jews and Muslims had enriched
Spanish arts, culture, and intellectual life.
 Jews had played a key role as business
leaders and merchants.
 The Muslims improved Spanish
agricultural output.
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He was member of the Hapsburg family of
Austria.
 He was the heir to Hapsburg land as well as the Spanish
empire.
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At the age of 6, he inherited the Netherlands from
his father.
At 15, he was proclaimed King of Spain.
By 1520 he inherited Austria, Hungary, Bohemia.
 He then was crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
In 1556—Charles V retires from
the throne
 His son Philip II takes over and
rules from 1556 to 1598.
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Philip’s Reign
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As head of the government of Spain, believed in the divine
right of monarchs and used this to justify a number of
immoral and illegal acts, such as ordering murders.
 Conquest of Portugal
 1580 Philip became next in line to rule Portugal.
 Sent troops there and gained control of the Empire.
 Rebellion in the Netherlands
 Philip raised taxes on the Dutch to gain money from
them.
 1566, Netherlands split—North Protestant, South
Catholic
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Philip’s Reign
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His goals were to build the power of both Spain
and the Roman Catholic Church.
 Religious tolerance
 Philip wanted Spain to be entirely Catholic.
 He ordered Protestants to convert or leave
Spain.
 Battling Ottomans
 Joined with the Pope and the Republic of
Venice to get rid of Ottoman pirates from the
Mediterranean Sea.
A. English privateers who plundered Spanish
treasure ships heated up the rivalry between
the two.
1. Elizabeth I sent troops to support Dutch rebels.
This angered Philip.
B. In 1588, Philip sent the Invincible Armada
2. About 130 ships, 300 cannons.
C. English crushed the Spanish
1. Their ships were smaller and quicker and
their sailors were more skillful.
2. Several ships were sunk ,a storm blew the
rest into the North Sea, then they sailed
around Scotland and some crashed, only
about ½ of the fleet returned.
3. This was a terrible blow to Spanish pride.
1.
Cost of War
a. Put a terrible strain on Spain’s resources.
b. Spain did not have a strong enough
economy to support these wars.
2. Neglect of trade and industry
a. Spanish society placed a low value on trade
and industry
b. young men were encouraged to become
soldiers, clergy, or government workers
c. Ambitious Spaniards left the country
looking for wealth and adventure.
d. When they kicked the Jews out the
economic life began to decline.
3. Changes in Agriculture
 Food shortages started because farmers
stopped farming due to erosion.
 Land was used for grazing sheep which
was profitable.
4. Dependence on colonial wealth.
 Used money from the colonies to finance wars,
buy food and merchandise, instead of investing
at home.
 This caused prices to skyrocket and left Spain
dependent on its colonies.
 With the Privateers capturing ships and the
mines not producing enough silver, the kings
kept spending as before.
 By the middle of the 1600’s, Spain was poor and
weak.
The lack of religious tolerance cost
Spain many of its most productive
citizens, and thus hurt the economy.

Explain how Spanish power increased under
Charles V and Phillip II.


Summarize how the arts flourished during
Spain’s Golden Age.
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
Inherited power
Phillip II – patron of the arts
List why the Spanish economy declined in the
1600s.
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1. War 2. Persecution 3. Religious intolerance 4.
Persecution of Muslims and Jews
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Divine Right
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Right to rule from God
Armada
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Fleet of ships defeated by England
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Ferdinand and Isabella
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Charles V
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Wrote Don Quixote
El Greco
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Government control/divine right
Miguel de Cervantes
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Inherited the Netherlands and named King of Spain
Phillip II
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Persecuted religions to gain unity
“The Greek” artist in Spain’s Golden Age
Diego Velazquez
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Court portraits