From Sustainable Development
to a Low Carbon Strategy
on a local level
(and how to combine environment and economy)
The example
of the City of Hannover (Germany)
Hans Mönninghoff
• since 1989 Head of the City of Hannover
Directorate of Environmental
Affairs
• since 1997 also Deputy to the Lord
Mayor in his function as
Chief Executive
• since 2005 also Head of Directorate of
Economic Affairs
– until 2013 re-elected in all three functions
1,700 employees, 370 Mio. Euro p.a. budget
Hans Mönninghoff in the political
Structure of the City of Hannover
City Council
(64 Councillors), elected every 5 years
Three Mayors
from the three main political parties,
with purely ceremonial functions
Lord Mayor (directly elected every 8 years)
also Chief Executive and
a member of the City Council
5 Directors of Services, appointed for
8-year terms by the City Council
Heads of Directorates of:
1. Finance, legal services, civil registration
and public order
2. Health, youth and social services
3. Arts and education
4. Economic and environmental affairs
5. City planning and civil engineering
Hans Mönninghoff
Deputy Chief Executive
Director of
Economic and Environmental Affairs
One of these 5 Directors is
Deputy to the Lord Mayor
in his Chief Executive
function
Hannover:
A Liveable
City at the
Heart of
Europe
Pop: 520,000
inhabitants
(Region:
1.1 Mil.)
City of Hannover
• 204 km ²
• Capital and economic centre
of Lower Saxony
• the world’s largest trade fair
location
• 245.000 jobs in service
industries (e.g. insurances)
and manufacturing and
processing industries (e.g.
automobile)
• 35.000 students in famous
universities
Hannover City
• 750 years old, For centuries,
population only c. 30,000
• 19th century growing fast by
industrialisation and migration
from the countryside
• 95% of the centre destroyed by
bombs in the 2nd World War
• Today a city with a excellent
quality of life
• 50% of the cty’s space is green
• Since 20 years a political
majority of Social-Democrats
and Green-Party with strong
engagement in Sustainability
Presentation Overview
1. Four challenges of sustainable
development
2. Four important principles of Urban
Planning as instrument of sustainable
development
3. Three central fields of a Low Carbon
Strategy as part of Local Sustainability
4. Three economic advantages
Four Challenges of
Sustainable Development
Sustainability is more than
environmental policy
•
stable population and social structures
•
employment
•
environmental quality, quality of life
•
stable municipal finances
Challenge I
Demographic Change 2005 - 2050
 increase in the
proportion of older
residents
age
2050
2005
Men
2050
2005
Women
 increase in the
immigrant population
(20% of the population)
Therefore integration is
a key issue in our work
Challenge II
Employment
Jobs in the Hannover
Region
manufacturing and
processing industries
1970
2005
140,952
47,100
service industries
211,535
311,400
others (e.g. retail)
28,400
15,600
380,887
374,100
totals
currently 10.6% unemployment
Challenge III
Maintaining the Quality of Urban Life,
Crucial Soft Location Factors
Hannover - City of Gardens
 Around 50% of the city area is
greenspace, making a major
contribution to the quality
of urban life.
 105 sqm of green space for
each inhabitant
 a good place to live:
 culture
 environment
 urban lifestyle
 amenities
Green space in the
City of Hannover
Grünfläche
Wald
Landwirtschaft
Kleingärten
Friedhof
Sonderfläche
Gewässer
Freibad
Sportfläche
Stadtgrenze
Challenge IV
Stable Municipal Finances
income and expenditure must be balanced !
(1,580 billion €)
income
expenditure
Four Principles of Urban Planning as
Part of a of Sustainable Development
and low carbon strategy
Planning principle I
all new building developments in the
region only along existing rail routes
Planning principle II
• minimum out-of-town
shopping centres
encouraging car use
• support for city centre
shopping
• local shops
Planning principle III
• reutilisation of industrial
wasteland; Hannover has
extensive experience with
decontamination of
polluted sites.
• There is a movement of
older people to the City
from the Hinterland
• single-family-homes in the
City, to keep young people
here
Planning principle IV
do not only look for low carbon strategies:
also look for Socially Responsible Building
1970s high-rise blocks
> serious social problems
new homes on Kronsberg terraced houses and max. fourstorey apartment houses with max.
8 apartments per house
Three Important Areas
of a Local Sustainability Policy
as part of a Low Carbon Strategy
- Transport
- Waste
- Energy
Why do we speak about
low carbon strategies?
The energy consumption in the
developing countries will rise!
CO2 emissions in t per capita today:
USA
19
Australia
17
Germany
10
4
China
1
Africa
0
5
10
15
20
The necessity is clear:
In order to limit global warming to 2°C,
industrial countries have to drastically
reduce CO2 emissions by 2050 to 2 t per
capita.
Otherwise we will be
confronted with a
climate catastrophe.
1. Transport
Hannover has a successful Long-Term
Transport Plan with a good Modal Split
• 27% on foot
• 13% by bicycle
• 41% by car - today no more cars per
household than 1995 (411 per 1,000
inhabitants)
• 17% by public transport
Far-sighted planning for cars has averted
serious traffic problems.
Ring road concept means no serious traffic
congestion in the city centre.
Only low-emission-cars are allowed in the Inner-City
Cycling
© Geoinformation Hannover 2008
© Geoinformation Hannover 2008
© Geoinformation Hannover 2008
above-average number of cyclists (for German conditions)
530 km of separate cycle paths in the city
Local Public Transport
• very good Light Rail/UBahn network with 12
routes
• 63 Bus routes
• 933 km of Public
Transport routes in the
city
• 163 million Passengers
per year in the region
(+10% in the last 5 years)
• 160 Mil. € subsidies per
year
• good connections with
the train network
The success: Air Pollution is going down
improvements to air quality through
• successful transport policies
• stricter limits on industry and commerce
2. Waste Mangment
Waste Quantities in the City of Hannover
1.000.000
900.000
800.000
Avoidance
700.000
600.000
Menge [t]
• waste avoidance
(- 380,000 t)
• dumping of soil, building
rubble, sewage sludge
(- 340,000t)
• recycling of compost,
organic waste (+ 72,000t)
• recycling of glass, paper,
packaging and scrap metal
(+ 41,700t)
500.000
400.000
Recycling
300.000
200.000
100.000
Disposal
0
1989
Decrease in waste-to-disposal from c. 1.000,000 to
200,000 tonnes p.a. in the city from 1990 to 2005!
2002
Waste Treatment Concept for
the Hannover Region from 2005
365,000 tonnes p.a. unavoidable and unrecyclable
waste
about 60% coarse fraction incinerated in a new
waste-to-energy plant
about 30% fine fraction biologically treated in a
fermentation plant
about 10% separated wood-fraction used in a
special wood-fuelled power station
Waste Treatment Centre
incinerator
mechanical sorting and
composting facility
fermentation
composting from the
fermentation plant
3. Energy
The Climate Protection Region Hannover
• Hannover is one of Germany’s leading climate
protection regions.
• Energy is supplied by the ‘Stadtwerke‘ city
utility, 76%-owned by the municipality
1986 City Council resolution: no nuclear power!
Electricity generated by
• our own coal- and gas-fired power stations,
some with district heating systems
• renewable energy technology (target 20% by the
year 2020 at the latest)
• 1990 – 2005:
7.5% reduction in CO2 emissions achieved
• 2008: a new climate protection programme
“Klima Allianz Hannover 2020”
The Target:
40% reduction in CO2 emissions (1990 - 2020)
CO2 Audit for the City of Hannover, 1990 - 2005
CO2 emissions
1990 in 1000 t *
Energy
customers
84%
Transport
16%
Change since
1990
Industry
32%
2,102
-12%
Small commercial
27%
1,797
-8%
Private households
25%
1,625
-5%
Motorised Traffic
13%
836
-6%
Rail
2%
125
-19%
Air travel
1%
94
+71%
Totals:
*including upstream emissions e.g., from gas extraction in Russia
6,579
-7.5%
-8.8%
-0.9%
The ‘proKlima’ Fund,
feed of:
- 2 Mio. € additional charge on gas- sale of the utility
- 2 Mio. € from the utility-profit
- 1 Mio. € from the municipality
5 million € per year in subsidies for:
• house insulation
• construction of Low Energy Houses
• high-efficiency heating systems e.g. decentral CHP
plants
• extension of the district heating network
• electricity saving campaigns
• renewable energy use
Energy-Optimized Houses
from
Low-Energy Houses
3,000 units built in 1998/1999)
via
Lowest Energy Houses:
(15 KWh/sqm for Heating)
From
Kronsbergstandard
via Passive houses
to
Climate Protection Estate
350 units with Zero Emissions:
to start in 2010.
to a Zero emission estate
CO2 Reduction at Kronsberg
CO2 reduction:
CO2 emissions in %
60 %! (80 % by windenergie)
quality education and
assurance (about 10%)
low energy house
standard (about 20%)
+ cogeneration heating power
plant (about - 20%)
+ electricity saving (-10%)
+ two wind turbine
generators (-20%)
What is a "Passive house"?
 Allround excellent thermal
insulation (20-30 cm)
 Houses are adjusted to the
sun
 Used, humid air from kitchen,
bath and WC is exhausted by
a ventilation system.
 In the heat transfer it gives
off its heat and then passes
outside.
 Fresh ambient air absorbs
90% of the heat and flows
into the living areas.
 On very cold days the fresh
air is post-heated additionally
– quite normal temperature.
Heat transfer
Zero Emission Settlement “In der Rehre”
Bricks
Domestic electricity
Heat
Covering whole area
Passive houses
(15 kWh/m²a)
+ Quality assurance
100 %
Endenergie
kWh/m²
Renewable energies / CHP
CO2
Electricity saving info.
Residual compensation
by a small Hydro Power
Station nearby
Reduction
Passive-House-Standard by Retrofitting
Before
modernisation
 Built in 1910
 Sustainably retrofitted, keeping
maintenance costs low
 Long-term rentable condition ensured
 Passive House components increase
living comfort while markedly reducing
energy demands.
After modernisation
In the Hannover Region
• 225 wind turbine generators
• 235 MW rating
• producing 420,000 MWh p.a.
These wind turbines generate
enough electricity for 155,000
households.
In the Hannover Region:
• around 2.000 solar installations for hot water
• around 250 bigger photovoltaic installations for
electricity production;
with the number growing rapidly ...
In the city:
• programme to rent out roofs
of municipal buildings for private
solar energy installations
Economic Advantage 1:
more local purchasing power
• In 2005 Hannover’s private households
spent around 220 million € on gas and
oil, most of which came from abroad.
• Reducing these imports will increase
local purchasing power considerably.
Economic Advantage II:
a stronger regional craft industries
• Investment in and technologies for climate
protection stimulate a dynamic added-value
chain for the regional craft trades and
businesses - an important job motor for the
local economy .
Economic Advantage III: more jobs !
In the Hannover region there are already 3,000
people working in climate protection.
In Germany jobs in wind energy is rising from
45.000 (in 2004) to 106.000 (in 2009)
Worldwide more than 2 Mio. jobs in the solarindustry in the next 20 years (greenpeace-study)
It is funny to read in THE AUSTRALIAN, Sept.14th 2009, The unionleader Tony Maher says “Green jobs are dopey”
There is a lot to do !
G20 low carbon competitiveness
Report of the Climate Institute (Sep. 2009)
Australia is ranked 15th out of 19 industrial countries and is the
lowest of the Annex I countries of the Kyoto Protocol
The GDP per tonne of CO2
is very different
in the countries
(intelligent use of energy)
Australia 0,8
Germany 2,0
Japan
3,6
Economic growth and sustainable
development are not contradictions:
• Sustainable development means that economic,
ecological and social issues are harmonised.
• Economic and ecology are not adversaries; they
enhance each other’s potential.
• Better environmental standards and quality of life
are important soft factors for the economic
development of a city and a nation.
Thank you!
further information:
www.sustainable-hannover.de
www.hans-moenninghoff.de