Jacksonian Democracy
Chapter 10
The Changing Political
Landscape
• Why did the “Era of Good Feelings” End?
• What was the 5 point political plan to make
the political process more democratic in the
1820s?
• What were the effects of the controversial
election of 1824? (“Corrupt Bargain”
election)
Election of 1824
The Age of Jackson
• How did Jackson win the election of 1828,
effectively a rematch between him and John
Quincy Adams? (“common man”)
Election of 1828
Jackson’s Ideals – A Mixed Bag
• Father of the Spoils System
• Opposed Internal Improvements (Maysville
Road Veto)
• Indian Removal Act (Worcester v. Georgia)
• Pro-Tariffs (Tariff of Abominations)
• “Kitchen Cabinet”
Democratic Party
Andrew Jackson’s
“common man”
ideals led to the
formation of the
new Democratic
Party
Controversies in Jackson’s Term
• Nullification Crisis (Calhoun v. Jackson)
and Compromise of 1833 (Clay)
• The National Bank (Biddle v. Jackson)
• How did the controversies affect the
Election of 1832? (Clay v. Jackson)
Nullification Crisis
John Calhoun led the protests
against the tariff and a
nullification crisis followed
Henry Clay encouraged the
Compromise of 1833, which
prevented military action by
Jackson against South
Carolina and lowered the
tariff
Second National Bank
Jackson fights the bank “monster” and drags Nicholas Biddle with
him in the process
Election of 1832
Clay wants to
implement his
American
System
supporting
industry
(internal
improvements,
tariffs) but
Jackson’s
“common man”
popularity wins
him the election
King Andrew I
• In pairs, using one of the topics/ideals of
Jackson (split one sheet of paper):
1) Create a political cartoon that
supports the action taken by Jackson (consider
who would support this)
2) Create a political cartoon that is
against that ideal (consider who would be
against this)
Jackson’s Democracy Stumbles
• What did Jackson try to accomplish and
what were the results? (Pet Banks, Specie
Circular)
• Who were the supporters of the Whig
Party?
• Why did Van Buren win the Election of
1836?
Election of 1836
Four Whigs
attempt to split
vote with Van
Buren to send
election to the
House, but
ultimately it
backfires
because they
confuse voters
Van Buren’s Presidency
• What caused the Panic of 1837?
• What did Van Buren do to combat the
Panic? How well did it work?
Panic of 1837
The Panic of 1837 shows that Specie Circular is not working
The Whigs on the Rise
• How did the Whigs become a competitive
2nd party during the 1830s and what were
their beliefs?
• What new developments allowed the Whigs
to win the election of 1840? (“Log Cabin
Campaign”)
Election of 1840
Harrison’s “Log
Cabin” Campaign
gave the Whigs
victory as they
appealed to the
“Common Man”
If there was TV
• For one of the campaigns do the following:
1) Create a speech for your candidate
that explains their background and beliefs (3
beliefs)
2) Create a TV skit that advertises for
your candidate and party (3 things)
3) Create a TV skit that attacks the other
candidate(s) and party – 3 things
- 1824/1828 (Adams or Jackson)
- 1832 (Jackson or Clay)
- 1836 (V. Buren)
- 1840 (VB or Harr)
Religion and Reform
• For the religion or reform you have:
1) Find an important person related to it
and create an “interview” with that person (3
questions about why they founded it)
2) Create an advertisement for it
showing at least 3 beliefs that it has
3) As a newspaper reporter, report on
where it is and why people are joining this
group (3 reasons)
Second Great Awakening
• What were the causes of the 2nd Great
Awakening?
• What were the general affects of religion in
the West? In the Northeast cities?
Reform Movements
• Why was New England the center of most
reform movements?
• How did this era of reform differ from
Voluntary Associations that were
previously created?
• What affects did reform have on the
relationships between the North and South?
Methodist Camp Meeting
Peter Cartwright
used religious
camp meetings to
promote a
respectable
Christian society
in the West
Revivalists
Charles Finney,
father of the
American
revivalists,
persuaded people in
the “Burned Over
District” of New
York to be saved,
appealing to them
through emotions
and fear
Unitarians
The Unitarians believed
that Jesus was the
standard for character,
encouraging followers
to gradually build their
character by his
example
Were in competition
with the Revivalists in
the “Burned Over
District”
The Mormon Joseph
Smith (and eventually
Brigham Young) believed
in a connection between
Native Americans and the
holy land of Israel, but
were shunned by the
community because of
their belief in polygamy
Shakers
The Shaker community, known for their unusual festivities, was
founded by Mother Ann Lee and designed as a communal
religious group that separated men and women and banned sex
and marriage
Temperance Movement
Members of the
Temperance
movement
targeted
prohibition laws
for working
class men in the
urban areas
Public School reformers, such as
Horace Mann, started the public
school movement (with
attendance laws, longer school
years, training for teachers) and
William Holmes McGuffey
targeted moral reform through
schools
- Eventually, private colleges
promoted the first higher
education in the West
Abolitionist Movement
The abolitionist movement
was a mostly white man’s
attempt at freeing slaves,
encouraged by William
Lloyd Garrison in The
Liberator and American
Anti-Slavery Society
The American Colonization
Society (wanting freed slaves
to go to Liberia) and the
Liberty Party both attacked
the slavery issue as well
Women’s Rights
The Seneca Falls Convention, headed by Lucretia Mott and
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, wrote the “Declaration of Sentiments”
Angelina and Sarah Grimke wrote the “Equality of the Sexes”
Amelia Bloomer pushed dress reform for women
Dorothea Dix
Dorothea Dix encouraged
mental hospitals to be used for
the mentally ill
Thomas Gallaudet (deaf) and
Samuel Gridley Howe (blind)
helped others
Prisons were also restructured to
get criminals moral reform and
back into society
Utopias – New Harmony
Utopias like New Harmony and Oneida encouraged communal
experimentation and had mixed results, Fourier Phalanxes report
gave people the idea of communal sharing
“When, in the course of human events, it becomes
necessary for one portion of the family of man to
assume among the people of the earth a position
different from that which they have hitherto occupied,
but one to which the laws of nature and of nature's God
entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes
that impel them to such a course.
We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men
and women are created equal; that they are endowed by
their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that
among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness; that to secure these rights governments are
instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent
of the governed.”
Do APPARTS on the “Declaration of Sentiments”
Religion v. Reform Essay
• Create an outline that answers the following
question:
Which had the most impact on society in the
antebellum period of US History (1820-1840):
Religion or Reform?
Write the essay for an EXTRA CREDIT
grade to add up to 15 points to an assignment.