Psychological
Therapies
Jamo Manahan Trasporte.
EFFECTIVENES
S
Does psychotherapy really
work?
1950’s
Hans Eysenck
— people who underwent psychotherapy did not recover at
a higher rate than people who did not
— passage of time could account for all recovery
EFFECTIVENES
S
Problems with
Effectiveness
— experimenter bias
— inaccuracies of self-report information
— placebo-effect expectations
EFFECTIVENES
S
Facts & Figures
— An estimated 75-90% of people feel that psychotherapy
has helped them
— The longer the person stays in therapy, the greater the
improvement
— Some psychotherapies are more effective for certain
types of disorders
EFFECTIVENES
S
Effective
Psychotherapy
Common Factors Approach
— focuses on factors common to successful outcomes from
different forms of therapy
EFFECTIVENES
S
Effective
Psychotherapy
Common Factors Approach
Therapeutic Alliance
— warm, caring, accepting relationship between client and
therapist
— characterized by empathy, mutual respect and
understanding
EFFECTIVENES
S
Effective
Psychotherapy
Common Factors Approach
Protected Setting
— space to release emotions and reveal private thoughts
and concerns
— should help understand why they feel the way they do
and provide ways to feel better
EFFECTIVENES
S
Effective
Psychotherapy
Common Factors Approach
Opportunity for Catharsis
Learning and Practice of New Behavior
Positive Experiences
EFFECTIVENES
S
Cultural, Ethnic &
Gender
Concerns
1. Culture-bound values
2. Class-bound values
3. Language
4. Non-verbal communication
EFFECTIVENES
S
Therapy in the
Computer Age
Cybertherapy
— psychotherapy offered on the Internet
— practiced by cybertherapists
EFFECTIVENES
S
Effective
Psychotherapy
Cybertherapy
Advantages
— cheaper (even free) alternative
— better accessibility
— access to support groups online relative anonymity
EFFECTIVENES
S
Effective
Psychotherapy
Cybertherapy
Disdvantages
— common Internet dangers
— no guarantee of credentials
— therapist has no access to facial expressions, vocal
tones, body language, etc.
BIOMEDICAL
THERAPIES
Categories
1.
2.
3.
Drug Therapies
Shock Therapy
Drug Treatments
BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES
Psychopharmocology
Antipsychotic Drugs
— used to treat psychotic symptoms
— hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior
BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES
Psychopharmocology
Antipsychotic Drugs
1. typical neuroleptics
2. atypical neuroleptics
3. partial dopamine agonists
neuroleptic
- neuroleptique (French)
- “to have an effect on neurons”
BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES
Psychopharmocology
Antianxiety Drugs
— used to treat and calm anxiety reactions
— typically minor tranquilizers or benzodiazepines
— Xanax, Atium, Valium
BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES
Psychopharmocology
Antimanic Drugs
Lithium
— popular treatment before for bipolar disorder
— evens out the highs and the lows
— associated with weight gain
Anticonvulsant Drugs
— also used for mania
— normally used to treat seizure disorders
— as effective in controlling mood swings
BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES
Psychopharmocology
Antidepressant Drugs
Monamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
— blocks the activity of the enzyme, monamine oxidase
— Marplan, Nardil, Parnate
— side effects: weight gain, dizziness, constipation, dry
mouth, sexual arousal, headache, drowsiness or insomnia
BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES
Psychopharmocology
Antidepressant Drugs
Tricyclic Antidepressants
— molecular structure: three rings
— increase the activity of serotonin and norepinephrine
— Nopramin, Pertofrane, Tofranil, Elavil, Sinequan,
Adapin
— side effects: weight loss, skin rash, blurred vision,
lowered blood pressure
BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES
Psychopharmocology
Antidepressant Drugs
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
— drugs that inhibit the reuptake of serotonin
— safer than the first two, fewer side effects
— Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil
BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES
Electroconvulsive
Therapy
Electroconvulsive Therapy
— used to treat severe depression
— electrodes are placed on either one or both sides of a
person’s head and an electric current is passed through
the electrodes that is strong enough to cause a seizure or
convulsion
BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES
Psychosurgery
Psychosurgery
— surgery performed on brain tissue to relieve or control
severe psychological disorders
— involves cutting into the brain to remove or destroy
brain tissue
BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES
Psychosurgery
Psychosurgery
1. Prefrontal Lobotomy
2. Bilateral Anterior Cingulotomy
BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES
Emerging Techniques
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic
Stimulation (rTMS)
— magnetic pulses applied to cortex
— for PTSD and depression
BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES
Emerging Techniques
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
(tDCS)
— uses scalp electrodes to pass very low amplitude direct
currents to the brain
— for PTSD and depression
BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES
Emerging Techniques
Deep Brain Stimulation
— being evaluated as a treatment modality for depression
and OCD
VIRTUAL REALITIES
Virtual Realities
— computer-based simulation of environments
— can be used to treat phobias and PTSD
— less risk
— useful as a delivery system for exposure therapy
RADIO STATION
1987
J-WAVE was incorporated on December 10, 1987.
1988
It started test broadcasts on the FM band at 81.3 MHz
beginning August 1, 1988.
On October 1 of that year, it started transmission
from Tokyo Tower. J-Wave was rated 27th nationwide at
the time, and second in Tokyo. While other radio stations
focused more on presentation, J-WAVE adopted a "more
music less talk" format.
RADIO STATION
The station had a large fanbase because of its unusual
programming style, playing music non-stop except for
jingles and breaks for news, traffic and weather. The law in
Japan at that time stipulated that programming had to be
maximum 80% music, and minimum 20% talk and
continuity.
J-WAVE coined the term "J-pop", which is only vaguely
defined. However, as the years went by, the station lost
influence. Sponsor after sponsor pulled their ads because
of the growing irrelevance of the programming to what they
were selling.
RADIO STATION
1995
J-WAVE hired new personalities in an attempt to
rejuvenate itself. Its term "J-POP" became synonymous
with commercially palatable Japanese music from across
the spectrum, except for traditional Japanese music.
Specials started to air around this time, and the station
took steps to attract a listener base desirable for higher ad
revenues.
1997
The format J-WAVE introduced to Japan, "more music less
talk" almost disappeared during reorganization in early
1997, when DJ banter became more pronounced.
RADIO STATION
2003
On October 1, 2003, J-WAVE moved its head office to the
33rd floor of the Roppongi Hills Mori Tower in Minato,
Tokyo.
2012
On April 23, 2012, J-WAVE moved its transmitting station
at Tokyo Tower to the Tokyo Sky Tree with new
transmission power of 7 kilowatts with an ERP of 57
kilowatts. Before the move, the transmission power was 10
kilowatts with an ERP of 44 kilowatts.
RADIO STATION
Tokyo Tower
RADIO STATION
Tokyo Skytree
RADIO STATION
JOAV-FM
City of
License
Tokyo, Japan
Power
7kW
Broadcast Area
Greater Tokyo Area
ERP
57,000 Watts
Branding
81.3 J-Wave
Facility ID
N/A
Slogan
“The Best Music on the
Planet”
Call Sign
Meaning
J(O)-wAVe FM
Frequency
81.3 MHz
Owner
J-Wave Inc. (owned by Credit
Saison, Nippon Broadcasting
System, Kyodo News, and
other stakeholders)
First Air Date
August 1, 1988 (as FM
Japan)
Webcast
J-Wave on radiko
J-Wave on Ustream
Format
J-Pop/CHR
Website
www.j-wave.co.jp
RADIO STATION
"The Best Music on the Planet“
Jingles (1992-1995)
RADIO STATION
"The Best Music on the Planet“
Jingles (2012)
RADIO STATION
"The Best Music on the Planet“
Weather Report