Unit 2 Study Guide- How Civilizations Maintain Order
Civilization
Learning Targets:
I can identify the characteristics of a civilization.
Key Terms/Concepts:
-Create a graphic organizer to show the seven characteristics of a civilization.
Forms of Government
Learning Targets:
I will compare purposes and sources of power in the most common forms of government.
Key Terms/Concepts:
-Political Philosophers:
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Montesquieu
Voltaire
Beccaria
-Preamble
-Types of Governments:
Monarchy
Oligarchy
Tyranny
Democracy
Republic
Mesopotamia
Learning Targets:
I will explain how Mesopotamian kings established power and maintained order.
Key Terms/Concepts:
-City-State
-Hammurabi’s Code
Egypt
Learning Targets:
I will describe the levels of Egypt’s social pyramid and explain how it maintained order
in Ancient Egypt.
Key Terms/Concepts:
-Pharaoh
-Dynasty
-Draw Egypt’s Social Pyramid
India
Learning Targets:
I can explain how the caste system maintained order in India.
I can explain the moral teachings of Buddha and how Buddhism spread in India and other
parts of Asia.
I can describe the differences, similarities and relationship between Hinduism and
Buddhism.
Key Terms/Concepts:
-Aryans
-Hinduism
-Caste System
-Karma
-Dharma
-Buddhism
China
Learning Targets:
I can explain how the philosophies of Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism influenced
China.
Key Terms/Concepts:
-Mandate of Heaven
-Confucianism
-Daoism
-Legalism
-Civil Service Exams (government positions)
-Why were the 3 Chinese philosophies developed when they were?
Greece
Learning Targets:
I can explain how the geography of Greece affected trade and agriculture.
I can describe the four forms of government that developed within the Greek city-states.
I can explain the differences between democracy in the United States and ancient Athens.
I can describe important aspects of the Athenian and Spartan city-states.
I can compare and contrast life in ancient Athens and Sparta.
Key Terms/Concepts:
-Why did city-state emerge in Greece?
-Monarchy, Oligarchy, Tyranny, Democracy
-What’s the difference between a king and a tyrant?
-Draw a Venn Diagram to show differences/similarities between Athens and Sparta.
Rome
Learning Targets:
I can describe the differences between patricians and plebeians in the Roman Republic.
I can explain how the government of the Roman Republic was reorganized to become
more democratic.
I can explain how the Ancient Romans maintained order.
Key Terms/Concepts:
-Who were Romulus and Remus?
-Patricians and Plebeians
-What was the structure of the Roman Republic?
-What was the final change that made plebeians equal to citizens?
-Twelve Tables
Feudal Europe
Learning Targets:
I can explain why feudalism emerged as a political system in Europe during the Middle
Ages.
I can identify the order of societal rank (social pyramid) and loyalties within the feudal
system.
Key Terms/Concepts:
-Feudalism
-Vassal
-Fief
-Draw a social pyramid to represent Feudalism of the Middle Ages.