QoS in 4G Networks:
Daidalos Case Study
Antonio CUEVAS CASADO
Jose Ignacio MORENO NOVELLA
{acuevas,jmoreno}@it.uc3m.es
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
Dpto. de Ingeniería Telemática
www.it.uc3m.es/acuevas/QoSin4GnetworksDaidalosCaseStudy.html
Presentation outline
 Introduction,
talk rationale
 Daidalos
and Moby Dick 4G IST Projects
 QoS Architecture and Provision in Daidalos



IP QoS and integration with access QoS
Interdomain QoS
Multicast & broadcast technology support
 QoS
Related Mechanisms in Daidalos
 Conclusion
& References
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Introduction, talk rationale
 Much
work in IP and access technologies
QoS (IETF, IEEE, 3GPP)
 Do these solutions fit in 4G networks?
 We will try to address this question in this
talk using Daidalos project as a case study
 Problem: integrate QoS with other 4G
aspects (e.g. AAA, mobility, …). This is far
from being resolved:


Some mechanisms from different aspects may
pose several burdens to others
Some functionalities from different aspects
may overlap
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Introduction, existing QoS solutions
for IP and access networks

IETF IP QoS Solutions





IntServ: reservation for each flow all allong the e2e path,
use of RSVP
DiffServ: per aggregate handling in the core, access
control in the edges (may be per flow)
COPS, NSIS
IEEE: 802.11e WLAN (HCCA and EDCA); 802.16
WiMax (scheduling services), 802.15 Blue Tooth
(selection of bearer -ACL, SCO, ASB, …- and its
parameters)
3GPP: Classes (Streaming, conversational, …)
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Introduction, basis of 4G networks
 4G
Concept:
 They
are a pure IP(v6) network, not a 3G
network with an IP overlay (in 3G the whole
3G network is an IP single hop)
 2G
and 3G functionalities provided by
Internet mechanisms: e.g. User control and
tarification=>IRTF AAA ARCH, DIAMETER.
Mobility=> MIP and FHO-MIP, etc.
 Multiple
access technologies directly
integrated into the IPv6 core
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Daidalos and Moby Dick
4G IST Projects
http://www.ist-mobydick.org
http://www.ist-daidalos.org
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Daidalos
 Daidalos
IST project designs a 4G network
with many features and services integrated
 IP
Project, 45 partners, 5 WPs
 Implementation
just started; performance
test not yet done
 Some
aspects still under definition or left
for Daidalos phase II
 It
is a follow up of Moby Dick IST Project
 Moby
Dick was implemented and tested
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Daidalos functionality
Network operator centric
Applications
offered by the
network operator
(e-mail video
streaming,…)
Advanced
Services: CA,
multicast,
location,
service
discovery
Internet
Applications offered
by providers with
agreements with
the network
operator (e-mail
video streaming,…)
Pervasive
Service
Platform
Service Provisioning
Platform Interface
Multimedia
Service (SIP)
Transport Service with
QoS, mobility, AAA,
paging ≈ Moby Dick
Access
networks with
all the possible
techs
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A Daidalos Network
Internet
Daidalos IPv6 Network
Any Access
Technology
Any Access
Technology
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QoS Architecture and network split
Internet
QoSManager
QoSB
Access
Network (AN)
QoSB
AN
Core Network (CN)
QoSBroker
QoSB
QoSB
RSVP++
AN
AN
QoSManager
Any Access
Technology
Any Access
Technology
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AAA architecture
Diameter+DIA-MIPv6 application
MN-AR IPSEC Tunnel:
User <=> Packet’s Source Address
Internet
AN
AN
Daidalos IPv6 Network
AAA
PANA
AN
AN
Any Access
Technology
PANADIAMETER
Any Access
Technology
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SIP Architecture
Two levels SIP proxies ≈ IMS
They interact with AAA and QoSBs
Internet
SIP
AN
AN
Daidalos IPv6 Network
SIP
SIP-UA
AN
AN
Any Access
Technology
Any Access
Technology
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Monitoring Architecture
Collector distributes the data to the
interested entities (AAA, QoSBs)
Internet
Network
Monitor
AN
AN
Daidalos IPv6 Network
Collector
AN
AN
Any Access
Technology
Network
Monitor
Any Access
Technology
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MIP+FHO Architecture
Internet
Access
Network (AN)
AN
Daidalos IPv6 Network
HA
FHO+MIP
AN
AN
FHO
Any Access
Technology
Any Access
Technology
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QoS Architecture and Provision in
Daidalos
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QoS Provision:
Segmentation and hierarchy





Goal (classical) e2e QoS with no scalability
concerns
QoSBs get measures from Central Monitor and
“reservation status” from other QoSBs
ANQoSBs maintain status from all the flows in their
AN and of aggregates to other domains
ANQoSBs configure (flow level) the routers in their
AN. If needed, they can ask the CNQoSB to
reconfigure aggregates in the core.
CNQoSB can also, by itself, based on measures,
reconfigure aggregates in its domain
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Resource reservation (per flow)
Trigger (see session setup)
QoSB
Internet
Access
Technolog
y
AN
ANQoSB configures AN
routers in a DiffServ
and InterServ way: i.e.
per flow or per
aggregate PHB +
shapers and policers
QoSB
QoSB
In this process CNQoSB is
normally not contacted and CN
routers not reconfigured
(DiffServ PHB for aggregates)
AN
Access
Technology
(AT)
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What happens with the AT?
QoSB
Internet
Access
Technolog
y
AN
QoSB
QoSB
AN
Access
Technology
(AT)
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AL: Access Technology and IP QoS integration
(WLAN example)
@ MT: Receive notifications to
Establish connections  Start marking a new flow
Deactivate connections  Stop marking flow
MT1
AL
Abstraction Layer (AL) hides the
particularities of the technologies
ALdriver
AP
QoS Broker
QoS Broker
AR
ARM
802.11e
(QoS_Manager)
AL
MT2
Ethernet
WLAN
ALdriver
AL
ALdriver
802.11e
AL
802.11e
@ AR: used -when QoSM receives an order from the
QoSB- to (de)Activate QoS-enabled virtual connections
between AR and MN. Packet’s Flow Label must have
connection identifier returned by the QoSAL
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Other aspects
 Concatenation
of Different Access
Technologies
802.11/
802.15
WP3
AN/CN
802.16
Access
Point
Subscriber
Station
Radio
Tower
 Integration
of MANETS. Based on SWAN
with BW probing and renegotiation
 Integration in QoSBroker allows forcing
MNs to do a FHO to other ARs or APs to
assure the QoS
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Domain 1
Domain 4
Domain 3
Interdomain QoS
Domain 2


Static DiffServ not enough
SLA between neighbouring domains, specifying
traffic limits to each other neighbouring domain
(per class i.e. aggregate): ingress point, egress
point, service class. Service class is well known
(universal)
BGP extension propagates QoS information
between domains.
CN QoS Brokers speak iBGP to receive QoS
routing information
CN QoS Brokers may reconfigure their core to
assure SLSs
QoS info propagated to AN QoS Brokers
ER
ER




ER
ER
CN QoSB
(iBGP RR)
Cluster
AN QoSB
(iBGP client)
AN QoSB
(iBGP client)
ER
AN QoSB
ER
CN QoSB
(iBGP speaker)
COPS?
AN QoSB
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Multicast + Broadcast techs. support
 Multicast:
routers listen to PIN JOIN and
outsource decision to ANQoSB
 ANQoSBs
 Multi
also know “rendez-vous” points
domain multicast under study
 Interaction
with Content Adaptation Nodes
under study
 Broadcast:
IP over IP tunnel in AR
employed to build the return channel in
DVB=> creates a virtual interface
 Multi
homing under study
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QoS Related Processes
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Session setup. QoS aspects (1)
Internet
QoSB
SIP
AN
SIP Proxy contacts
the QoSB
Access Technolgy
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Session setup. QoS aspects (2)
Internet
QoSB
SIP
AN
The MN issues RSVP
request which is
interpreted by the ARM
who contacts the QoSB
Access Technolgy
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Session setup. QoS aspects (3)
Internet
The ARM inspects
the SIP message
and deduces the
QoS parameters for
the media flows
and requests the
QoSB to configure
the network
QoSB
SIP
AN
Access Technolgy
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AAA registration + QoS
transport service request
AAA.h Server
Home
domai
n
ANQoS
Broker
6
B
8 NVUP
Local domain
AAA.l Server
4 ARegAns
2 ARegReq
1 ARegReq
NVUP is sent to
ANQoSB to allow it
taking authorization
decisions
NOTE: Next is MIPv6
Reg: BU to HA
Access
Router
5 ARA
Diameter Messages
COPS
“RSVP”
URP
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FHO preparation detail: QoS
context transfer
QoS context is the
shaping filters installed
in oAR
QoS
Broker
QoS
Context
FHO
Old
Access
Router
FHO ACK
FHO INI +AAA Context
If AN changes, QoS
context is transferred
from oQoSB to nQoSB
new
Access
Router
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Conclusions
 Daidalos
used IETF and IEEE QoS
provision mechanisms
 BUT
many enhancements where needed:
 we
needed to design an interaction
between them
A
tradeoff between e2e deterministic and
probabilistic QoS needed to be designed
 QoS
system had to be integrated with other
systems (FHO, AAA)
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References





A. Cuevas et al.: “Field Evaluation of a 4G “TrueIP” network” IST Summit 2004, Lyon
S. Sargento et al.: “End-to-end QoS Architecture
for 4G scenarios” IST Summit 2005, Dresden
A. Kassler et al.: “Integration of Ad Hoc Networks
with Infraestructure Networks – a QoS
Perspective”. SCANDIC Ad-Hoc Workshop 2005
IST Moby Dick www.ist-mobydick.org
IST Daidalos www.ist-daidalos.org
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Questions and discussion
Thanks for your attention
The IP Daidalos Consortium
Telco
Operators
Industry,
SME
Research labs,
academia
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Back up slides
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Basis of 4G networks:
summary picture 3G vs. 4G
Internet
IPv6 Network
Any Access
Technolog
y
Any Access
Technology
HLR
Node B
RNC
SGSN
IP
GGSN
Internet
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FHO
Old
Access
Router
1.
FHO request
2.
Bicasting starts. FHO
prepared
3.
Do FHO
4.
L2/L1 change
5.
Binding Updates to HA and
CNs sent
new
Access
Router
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Other scenarios supported:
QoS for Integrated MANETs


Our approach based on SWAN
Bandwidth Probing




Each MN updates Bottleneck Bandwith with minimum
available in corresponding class (DSCP)
RB=Requested Bandwidth
Requires layer-2 bandwidth estimation
Access Router

checks for resources in infrastructure and translates to
external signalling
 Performs correct QoS mapping togeter with 802.16 BS

Renegotiation


Access Router monitors ECN
Sends to source Regulate message
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