Integumentary
System
Nine Weeks 1-Test 3
Name: ____________________ Period: ____
“I Can” Objectives
____ 1. I can describe the functions of the integument
____ 2. I can compare and contrast the tissue of the epidermis with that of the dermis.
____ 3. I can describe the cutaneous membrane.
____ 4. I can list the layers of the epidermis and explain why there is an extra layer in certain
body regions.
____ 5. I can explain skin pigment colors concentrating on melanocytes and melanin and the
cultural differences.
____ 6. I can distinguish between the papillary layer and the reticular layer of the dermis.
____ 7. I can describe the overall structure of the dermis including collagen and reticular
fibers, blood vessels, and nerve supply.
____ 8. I can explain the structure and function of both sebaceous and sudoriferous glands.
____ 9. I can distinguish between eccrine and apocrine sudoriferous glands.
____ 10. I can explain the composition and function of sweat.
____ 11. I can explain hair as an appendage of the skin, including the terms follicle, and shaft
and arrector pili muscle.
____ 12. I can explain nails as an appendage of the skin, including the terms free edge, root,
body, lunula, and cuticle.
____ 13. I can describe the following disorders of the skin, athlete’s foot, boils, cold sores,
psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and impetigo.
____ 14. I can explain the severity between the three different types of burns.
____ 15. I can describe the three different cancers of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma,
basal cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.
____ 16. I can explain the ABCDE rule in determining melanoma.
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Integumentary System
NW1 – TEST4
 Skin (____________________ membrane or _______________)
 Skin derivatives - _____________________, __________________, _________ &
_________
I.
Skin Functions
A.
Protects deeper ________________ from:
1.
________________________________ (bumps)
- physical barrier (epidermis) contains keratin to ________________ &
_______________ cells, fat cells to __________________ blows, &
________________ receptors, which alert the nervous system to possible
damage
2.
________________________________ (acids & bases)
- relatively ____________________ keratinized cells,
_________ receptors, which alert the nervous system of possible damage
3.
________________________________
- has __________________ surface, has _________________________
where skin secretions are acidic, and thus ______________ bacteria
4.
________________________________ (damaging effects of sunlight)
- melanin (pigment) produced by melanocytes offers protection
___________
5.
________________________________ (hot or cold)
- contains __________________________ receptors
6.
______________________ (drying out)
- contains a _______________________ glycolipid & keratin
B.
Aids in body heat ____________ or heat ________________
- loss: activating ______________________ & allowing ____________ to flush
into skin capillary beds so heat can ________________ from skin surface
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- retention: ________ allowing blood to flush into skin capillary beds
C.
Aids in __________________ of urea & uric acid
- contained in ____________________ produced by sweat glands
D.
Synthesizes __________________
- modified cholesterol molecules in skin converted to vitamin D by
______________
II.
Skin Structure
A.
____________________ - outer layer
- ________________________________ epithelium
- Often ____________________ (hardened by keratin) by keratinocytes
B.
____________________
- ____________ connective tissue
C.
____________________ tissue (____________________) is deep to dermis
- __________ part of the skin
- ______________ skin to underlying organs
- Composed mostly of _______________ tissue
III.
Layers of Epidermis
A.
__________________________ (stratum germinativum)
- _______________ layer of epidermis
- Lies next to ______________
- Cells undergoing ______________
- Daughter cells are pushed upward to become the ________________ layers
B.
______________________________
C.
______________________________
D.
______________________________
- Formed from __________ cells of the deeper strata
- Occurs only in thick, hairless skin of the ________ of hands & _______ of feet
E.
______________________________
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- _________________ layer of epidermis
- Shingle-like dead cells are filled with _____________ (protective protein prevents
water loss from skin)
* Summary of layers from deepest to most superficial
- Stratum ____________________
- Stratum ____________________
- Stratum ____________________
- Stratum ____________________ (thick, hairless skin only)
- Stratum ____________________
IV.
Melanin
- Pigment (________________) produced by ____________________
- Melanocytes are mostly in the ____________________________
- Color is _____________ to _____________ to _____________
- Amount of melanin produced depends upon ______________ & exposure to
______________
V.
Dermis
A.
Two layers
1.
____________________ layer (upper dermal region)
- Projections called ____________________________
- Some papillae contain ____________________________
- Others house ____________ receptors and ____________ receptors
- On palms & soles, papillae are arranged in ____________ that increase
friction & gripping ability - _______________
2.
__________________ layer (deepest skin layer)
- _______________________
- __________ and _______ glands
- Deep _______________ receptors
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B.
Dermis structure
1.
______________ and ______________ fibers located throughout dermis
- Collagen fibers give skin its _________________ & attract & bind
_________
to keep the skin _______________
- Elastic fibers give skin ________________
- as we age, the number of both fibers _______________, as a result,
skin begins to ________ & ______________
2.
____________________ play a role in body temperature regulation for
____________________
- when body temp is high, dermal capillaries become ______________,
or swollen & skin becomes reddened & warm, allowing heat to __________
from the skin surface
- when body temp is low, blood _______________ the dermal
capillaries temporarily, allowing internal body temp to stay _________
3.
Dermis also has a rich ____________________
- many nerve endings have specialized ________________ that send
messages (from ____________________ factors – pressure & temp) to
the ____________________________
VI.
Skin Color Determinants
A.
Pigments that contribute to skin color
1.
_________________
- Yellow, brown, or black pigments
2.
_________________
- Orange-yellow pigment from some _________________
3.
____________________
- Red coloring from blood cells in ______________________
- ______________ content determines the extent of red coloring
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VII.
Skin Appendages
A.
____________________ are all exocrine glands
1.
__________________ glands
- found all over skin, except for _________ of hands & _________ of feet
- Produce oil, called ____________
a.
Sebum Functions
- __________________ for skin
- Prevents ____________ hair
- Kills ________________
- Most empty into ________ follicles; others open directly onto
________ surface
- Glands are activated at _______________
2.
____________ glands – also called ____________________ glands
- _______ million per person
- ____________ distributed in skin
a.
Two types
1.
_______________
- more _______________ & found ______ over the body
- Open via duct to ________ on skin surface
2.
_______________
- Ducts empty into ________ follicles
- largely confined to _____________ & ___________ areas
- secretes sweat that also contains _________________ &
____________ which may cause a ____________ or
________________ color
- when _____________ are present, they use the proteins
& fats as a nutrient source & causes an unpleasant _________
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b.
Sweat and Its Function
- Composition: mostly ________, ________ and vitamin _____,
some _______________ waste, fatty acids and proteins
(_____________ only)
- Functions: helps dissipate excess ________, ____________ waste
products, Acidic nature ____________ bacteria growth
- Odor is from associated ____________
B.
Hair
- Not found on ________ of hands, ________ of feet, ____________,
& _______________
- Produced by hair _______________
- Part of the hair enclosed in the follicle is the __________
- Part of the hair projecting from the surface is the ________
- ____________ or formation of epithelial cells occurs in the ____________
(growth zone) at the inferior end of the __________________ in the follicle
- as _______________ cells are pushed away from growing region, they become
_______________ & die (bulk of hair shaft is dead & almost entirely
___________)
- __________________ provide pigment for hair color
- __________ of the hair shaft determines hair type (straight, wavy or curly)
1.
Hair anatomy
- Central _______________
- ____________ surrounds medulla
- ____________ on outside of cortex - most heavily _______________ &
most subject to ______________, which causes split ends at tip of shaft
2.
Associated hair structures
a.
____________________
- Dermal (_______________) and epidermal (_______________)
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sheath surround hair root
b.
____________________________
- __________ muscle
- Pulls hairs ____________ when cold or frightened – “goose bumps”
C.
Nails
- __________________ modifications of the epidermis
- Heavily __________________
- _______________, __________ (visible attached portion), __________
(embedded in skin), ______________ (proximal nail fold), ______________
(white crescent) & ____________ (beneath the nail)
- _______________________ extends beneath the nail bed – ______________
end (matrix) is responsible for growth
- like hairs, mostly ________________ material
VIII. Homeostatic Imbalances of Skin
A.
Infections and Allergies
1.
______________________
- Itchy, red, peeling condition of skin between the ________
- Caused by ____________ infection
2.
______________________
- ____________________ of hair follicles & sebaceous glands
- common on __________________
- Caused by _______________ infection
3.
__________________
- fluid-filled _______________ that itch & sting
- Caused by __________________
- virus localizes in cutaneous __________, where it remains ___________
until activated by emotional upset, fever or UV radiation
4.
______________________
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- Itching, redness & swelling progressing to _______________
- Exposure to _______________ cause allergic reaction
5.
________________
- Pink, water-filled, raised ____________ (common around nose & mouth)
which develop ____________ crust & rupture
- Caused by ________________________ bacterial infection
6.
________________
- ____________________ of skin cells resulting in reddened lesions
covered with ____________________
- Believed to be an ______________________ disorder (where your body
attacks your body) triggered by trauma, infection, or stress
B.
Burns
- Tissue damage and cell death caused by ________, ________________, and _
radiation, or _______________
1.
Associated dangers
- __________________
- __________________ imbalance
- ____________________________ due to loss of fluids
2.
______________________
- Way to determine the ____________ of burns
- Body is divided into _____ areas for quick estimation
- Each area represents about _____ of total body surface area
3.
Severity of Burns
a.
____________________ burns
- Only _______________ is damaged
- Skin is ________ and _____________
b.
____________________ burns
- _______________ and upper ____________ are damaged
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- Skin is red with _______________
** 1st & 2nd degree burns are considered ___________________________
c.
____________________ burns (called _____________________)
- Destroys ____________ skin layer
- Burn is ____________________ or __________
- ____________________ is not possible & skin _______________
must be done to cover the underlying _____________ tissues
4.
Critical Burns
- Over ________ of body have ________-degree burns
- Over ________ of the body have _______-degree burns
- There are third-degree burns of the ________, ________, or ________
IX.
Skin Cancer
- Cancer - _____________________________
A.
Classified Two Ways
1.
____________
- Does not spread (__________________)
2.
_______________
- ____________________ (moves/spreads) to other parts of the body
**Skin cancer is the most ____________ type of cancer
B.
Skin Cancer Types
1.
_______________________________
- Least _______________
- Most ____________ type
- Arises from _______________________
- Occurs most on __________________ areas of the face
- Shiny, dome-shaped ____________
2.
_________________________________
- Metastasizes to __________________ if not removed
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- __________ removal allows a good chance of cure
- Believed to be __________________
- Arises from ___________________________
- Appears most often on __________, ________, _______________, &
________________
3.
______________________________
- ________________ spot or mole
- Most ____________ of skin cancers
- Cancer of __________________
- Metastasizes rapidly to __________ and __________________
a.
ABCD Rule
1.
A = _________________
- Two sides of pigmented mole do not __________
2.
B = _________________________
- Borders of mole are not ____________
3.
C = ____________
- _______________ colors in pigmented area
4.
D = _______________
- Spot is larger then ________ in diameter
**E - _______________ above the skin surface
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Vocabulary Terms
VQ1
cutaneous membrane
keratinized
keratinocytes
melanin
melanocytes
dermal papillae
carotene
hemoglobin
sebaceous gland
sebum
sudoriferous gland
VQ2
hair root
hair shaft
hair follicle
nail body
nail cuticle
lunula
nail bed
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VQ3
Athlete’s foot
Boils
Cold sores
Contact dermatitis
Impetigo
Psoriasis
VQ4
1st degree burn
2nd degree burn
3rd degree burn
partial thickness burn
full thickness burn
benign
malignant
metastasize
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Integument Sketch pg. 116
Please include the following items labeled in your sketch: epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous,
papillae, sensory receptor, blood vessel, hair follicle, hair shaft, hair root, arrector pili muscle,
sebaceous gland, and sudoriferous gland
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Did Ya Get It?
1. Which is not a component of sweat?
a. Water
d. Ammonia
b. Sodium chloride
e. Vitamin D
c. Sebum
2. Which structure is NOT associated with hair?
a. Shaft
d. Matrix
b. Cortex
e. Cuticle
c. Lunula
3. Which structure is NOT associated with a nail?
a. Nail bed
c. Nail folds
b. Lunula
d. Nail follicle
4. Which of the following is NOT associated with the production of perspiration?
a. Sweat glands
d. Eccrine gland
b. Sweat pores
e. Apocrine gland
c. Arrector pili
5. Match the structures on the right with their function listed on the left.
____ Protection from UV radiation
____ Insulation & energy storage
____ Waterproofing
____ Temperature regulation
____ Excretion of water, urea, & salts
____ Produces the patterns for fingerprints
a. Reticular layer of
Dermis
b. Melanocytes
c. Dermal blood supply
d. Stratum corneum
e. Papillary layer of Dermis
f. Eccrine sweat glands
g. Hypodermis
6. Why do we become tanned after sun exposure?
7. What is a decubitus ulcer? Why does it occur?
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8. What are arrector pili and what do they do?
9. Which skin cancers arise from the stratum spinosa cells?
10. Why does hair turn grey?
11. Which skin layer contains adipose tissue?
12. Which structure is responsible for the whirled edges on the epidermal surface
(fingerprints)?
13. The deep layer of the dermis is ________________ & superficial is ______________.
14. The part of the hair that projects from the skin surface is the _______________.
15. Oil glands are called ____________________.
16. Sweat glands are called __________________.
17. Although you get wet when swimming, a tough protein within the skin prevents it from
soaking up moisture like a sponge. This substance is:
a. Serous fluid
d. carotene
b. Melanin
e. Keratin
c. Mucus
18. The upper most layer of skin is:
a. Called the dermis
b. Full of keratin
c. Fed by a good supply of blood vessels
d. Called the hypodermis
e. Composed of dense connective tissue
19. Sweat gland associated with hair are called ____________________.
20. In which layer are the melanocytes found?
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Sample Discussion Questions
1. Explain the ABCD rule.
2. Distinguish between the appearances of partial-thickness burns and full-thickness burns and
give characteristics of each.
3. Explain how the skin helps regulate body temperature, making sure that you discuss both
sweat glands and dermal capillaries in your answer.
4. One of the functions of the Integumentary system is to protect deeper tissues. List three
of the six types of damage and how our integument protects us from these damages.
5. What is the importance of the “rule of nines” in treatment of burn patients?
6. Name two categories of skin secretions and the glands that manufacture them.
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“At the Clinic” Application Questions
1. Both newborn infants and aged individuals have very little subcutaneous tissue. How does
this affect their sensitivity to cold environmental temperatures?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. A 40-year-old surfer is complaining to you that having a suntan was important when he
was younger, but now his face is all wrinkled, and he has several darkly pigmented moles
that are growing rapidly and are as big as large coins. He showed you the moles, and
immediately you think “ABCDE”. What does that mean, and why should be he concerned?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. The water of a swimming pool is hypotonic to our cells. Why do we not swell and pop when
we go swimming.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. Ally got sunburned on her recent trip to the beach. Her skin is peeling off in sheets.
Why?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
5. Which type of injection would allow a drug to be absorbed more rapidly – intradermal
(into the dermis) or subcutaneous (a shallow injection just deep to the epidermis)? Why?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
6. Sawyer received 2nd and 3rd degree burns from a grease spill at Chick–Fil–A where he
worked. Explain why he has more pain in the 2nd degree burn than he does in his 3rd
degree burn.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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*Booklet Rubric*
Notes
____/5
Vocabulary
____/5
Diagrams
____/10
Did Ya Get Its
____/15
Discussion ?s
____/15
Booklet Bonus:
HW (voc. or DYGIs)
____/0
Activity
____/0
BOOKLET TOTAL _____/50
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