Key Area 7 - Respiration
Exercise 7
1. Which of the following shows the use of energy released from the breakdown
of glucose?
A
ATP + Pi  ADP
B
ADP + Pi  ATP
C
ATP  ADP + Pi
D
ADP  ATP + Pi
1
2. The energy values of different food materials are shown on the table.
Food
Energy value
(kJ per gram)
Glucose
4
Protein
4
Fat
9
How much
energy is
contained in a food sample consisting of 3 grams of glucose and 2 grams
of fat?
A
17 kJ
B
21 kJ
C
30 kJ
D
35 kJ
1
3. The diagram below shows energy transfer within a cell.
Which line of the table below identifies correctly compounds X and Y?
X
Y
A
glucose
ATP
B
glucose
ADP
C
ADP
ATP
D
ATP
glucose
1
4. (a)
The diagram below shows part of an investigation into the effect of
adding three different concentrations of ATP solution to three pieces of
muscle.
Equal volumes of the ATP solutions were added to the pieces of muscle.
The results are shown in the following table.
Concentration
of ATP solution
(g per litre)
Length of muscle
At start
(mm)
After 10
minutes
(mm)
Decrease
(mm)
Percentage
decrease
1
35
34.3
0.7
2
5
50
46
4
8
10
40
33
7
(i)
Calculate the percentage decrease in length of the muscle
with 10 g per litre ATP solution.
Copy and complete the table.
(ii)
(iii)
In this experiment why is it necessary to use percentage
decrease in length in the comparison of the results?
1
1
Explain why three different syringes should be used in this
investigation.
1
5. The diagram below shows the apparatus used to investigate the energy
content of different foods. One gram of each food was burned under a
beaker containing 100 cm3 of water.
The temperature rise for each food was recorded.
The energy content of the foods was calculated using the following
equation.
energy content = temperature rise x 420 (joules/g)
The table below shows the results for the investigation.
Food
butter
Energy value
(joules/g)
10500
chicken
4200
bread
3400
margarine
10500
(a)
Calculate the simple whole number ratio of the energy content of
chicken to that of butter.
(b)
Construct a bar graph of the results in the table.
2
(c)
One gram of fish was also burned. The temperature rise was 7.5oC.
Calculate the energy content for fish using the equation above.
1
(d)
Slimmers may be advised to use margarine instead of butter. Use
the data in the table to suggest why this would not aid weight loss.
1
1
6. The diagram below shows the main stages of aerobic respiration.
Glucose
Stage 1
ATP
Pyruvate
Stage 2
X
Hydrogen
Water
ATP
Y
(a)
Name Stage 1.
1
(b)
Name substances X and Y.
2
(c)
Which substance shown in the diagram is the source of the energy
used to synthesis ATP?
1
(d)
Copy and complete the following word equation which represents the
syntheses of ATP.
1
+
+ energy
ATP
(e)
How many molecules of ATP are produced per glucose
molecule during each of Stage 1 and Stage 2.
(f)
During aerobic respiration some energy is lost from the cell. In
what form is this energy?
1
1
7. The diagram below represents an animal cell that is respiring aerobically.
aerobic respiration
occurs in the cell
raw materials
enter the cell
wastes leave
the cell
Describe the two stages of aerobic respiration.
Include the name of the raw materials and the products of the two stages.
3
(21)
Exercise 8
1. The fermentation pathway of one molecule of glucose results in the net gain
of
A
2 molecules of ATP
B
2 molecules of ADP
C
38 molecules of ATP
D
38 molecules of ADP
1
2. The bar chart shows the volume of blood supplied per minute to the skeletal
muscles and to other parts of the body of a healthy male at rest and during
strenuous exercise.
Key
blood to
muscles
blood to
other
parts of
the body
During exercise, the ratio of blood supplied to the muscles to blood
supplied to other parts of the body is
A
1:4
B
4:1
C
10 : 8
D
10 : 9
1
3. An investigation was carried out into the concentration of lactic acid in the
blood before, during and after a two minute period of strenuous exercise.
The results are shown in the graph below.
(a)
What was the concentration in mg/100 cm3 of lactic acid in the blood ten
minutes after the start of the exercise?
1
(b)
Explain why the concentration of lactic acid in the blood increased during
and immediately after the strenuous exercise.
1
(c)
What caused the lactic acid concentration to decrease 15 minutes after
the start of the exercise?
1
4. As part of an investigation into the effect of different solutions on fresh
muscle tissue, 12 drops of ATP were added to a strand of fresh muscle of
initial length 50 mm. After a few minutes it length was found to be 42 mm.
Which line in the table correctly summarises the experiment?
1
% difference in length
of muscle strand
8
8
16
16
A
B
C
D
Reason for change
contraction of muscle fibres
relaxation of muscle fibres
contraction of muscle fibres
relaxation of muscle fibres
5. The rise in level of coloured liquid indicates that the
A
B
C
D
grasshopper is taking in oxygen
sodium hydroxide is absorbing oxygen
grasshopper is giving out carbon dioxide
sodium hydroxide is releasing carbon dioxide
1
6. From this experiment it can be concluded that the grasshopper’s rate of
A
B
C
D
carbon dioxide output is 0.2 ml/hour
carbon dioxide output is 4.0 ml/hour
oxygen consumption is 2.0 ml/hour
oxygen consumption is 0.4 ml/hour
Items 7 and 8 refer to the accompanying diagram which represents the process
of the fermentation pathway in plant cells.
7. The number of molecules of ATP formed at position X following the
breakdown of one molecule of glucose is
A 2
B 18
C 36
D 38
1
8. The substance released at position Y is
1
A
B
C
D
water
oxygen
hydrogen
carbon dioxide
1
Questions 9, 10, 11 refer to the accompanying graph which shows the effect
of a period of exercise followed by a period of rest on the lactic acid
concentration of the blood of a healthy fit teenager.
9. For how many minutes did the period of exercise last?
A
B
C
D
6
10
12
14
1
10. How many minutes did it take for the
concentration of lactic acid to drop from
its highest level to 50% of its highest
level?
A
B
C
D
19
20
38
40
1
11. If the trend at X continues, at what time
will the initial level of lactic acid in the
blood be reached?
A
B
C
D
15.56
16.02
16.08
16.20
1
Items 12 and 13 refer to the data in the following table which were obtained
from a series of experiments involving a group of 18 year olds.
Activity
Cycling
Swimming
Skiing
Brick-laying
Average rate of oxygen
consumption (cm3/s)
21
23
26
29
Average rate of energy
consumption (kJ/min)
26
28
33
36
12. From the data it can be concluded that the average rate of oxygen
consumption is
A
B
C
D
inversely related to CO2 output
greatest for sporting activities
directly related to energy consumption
inversely related to energy released as heat
1
13. Which pair of bars in the accompanying graph
represents skiing?
1
14. During jogging, a 16 year old was found to use 40 kJ per minute. The energy
for 15 minutes of this activity could be supplied by consuming 50g of one of
the foods in the accompanying table. Which one?
A
B
C
D
Food
honey
sucrose
biscuit
chocolate
Energy content (kJ/g)
12
19
21
24
1
15. Which of the following would NOT affect the daily energy requirement of a
5 year old child?
A
B
C
D
the climate in which the child lives
the height of the child
the weight of the child
the sex of the child
1
16. The energy released during the breakdown of ATP is NOT used for
A
B
C
D
synthesis of protein
transmission of nerve impulses
production of enzymes
digestion of fats
1
17. Which of the following equations correctly represents muscular action?
1
18. Which substance would be produced by skeletal muscle fibres respiring in
the absence of oxygen?
1
(20)