Industrial Security Management
Define Security
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1. Freedom from risk or danger; safety.
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2. Freedom from doubt, anxiety, or fear; confidence.
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3. Something that gives or assures safety, as:


a. A group or department of private guards: Call building
security if a visitor acts suspicious.
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b. Measures adopted by a government to prevent
espionage, sabotage, or attack.
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c. Measures adopted, as by a business or homeowner, to
prevent a crime such as burglary or assault: Security was
lax at the firm's smaller plant.
d. Measures adopted to prevent escape: Security in
the prison is very tight.
Ancient Times
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Lake dwellings
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Drawbridges and boats
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Natural caves on high cliffs
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Great wall of China
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Emperor Shih Huang Ti
Rome
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Broad, straight roads
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Patrol by legions
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Bridges, controlled by iron gates and guards
Emperor Augustus
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Emperor Augustus
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Recognized unreliable legions
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Praetorian Guard

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Urban cohorts
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Bodyguard police
Gendarmerie composed of soldiers with police and
military duties
Vigiles

police-firemen
Middle Ages

Nobleman

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Serfs

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Provide food and security for the serf who works the
land, and provide arms for the king and fought his
wars
Laborer
Tithings

Groups of 10 families who maintain law and order

Anglo-Saxon, acceptance of mutual responsibility
for civil and military protection of individuals
Frankpledge System
of Social Obligation

King demanded all Englishmen to swear to
maintain the peace
Magna Carta

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King John
Document that established the supremacy of
law over arbitrary edict
Established the lord's individual rights
Stated the responsibilities of the state and its
subject
Statute of Westminster
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King Edwards

1285

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Formalized England's practice in criminal justice
and apprehensions
Involvement of ordinary citizens in criminal
justice
Requires every male between ages 15-60 to
keep a weapon in his home as a “harness to
keep the peace”
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Preventive aspect
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Watch and ward
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Repressive aspect
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Hue and cry

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Watch by night, ward by day
Upon resistance—citizen's assistance
Punitive aspect
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Presentment to constable
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Morning after the arrest
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Cromwell
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1655
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Tried to use army as police force to prevent and
repress crimes
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Lack of cooperation from all classes of people
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Absence of effective police mechanism between the
people and his troops
Early Themes
in Security Management

Division of area into geographic sections
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Rotation of duties among citizens
Early Problems of Security
Management

Dissatisfaction of citizen's with their duties
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Hiring of others to take their place
Industrial Revolution


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Mechanization of production system
Change from cottage industries to large
factories
Famine in rural ares—movement of people from
country to towns to seek work in factories
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Increase in political extremists
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“Riot Act”- military quell the riots
Rewards and Punishment


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Reward law-abiding citizens
Severe punishments to discourage lawbreaking
Self-help organization—every man to trust
himself for security
19th Century England
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Security as a private enterprise
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Industrial firms employ their own police

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Railway companies
“Bow Street Runners”
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Alternative to private thief-takers
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Reward system
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Bribery
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Criminal collusion
Sir Robert Peel
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1829
Established the Metropolitan Police Force in
London, England
Based at Scotland Yard
Constables were nicknamed “bobbies” or
“peelers”
"the police are the public, and the public are the
police"
Mid-1800s at the United States

American colonists—English System of law
enforcement
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Collective responsibility
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Reformation of Manners

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Society of the Suppression of Vice and
Encouragement of Religion, 1801
“Evangelical Police” system
Violence in the West

Stagecoach
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Mail, gold, money passengers
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Prey for hold-ups
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James Gang and Wild Bunch

1848, discovery of gold
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Express companies
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1850, American Express
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Henry Wells and William Fargo
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East of Missouri
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1852, west of Missouri
Alan Pinkerton

1880s
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Modern day private security

'master sleuth”
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Civil War
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Intelligence and counter-espionage services

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Between 1867 and 1875 led the pursuit for
Frank and Jessie James
Personal guard for President Abraham Lincoln
Pinkerton Detective Agency
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“We never sleep.”
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Black and white eye (private eye)

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After Alan Pinkerton's death in 1884, the
agency was ran by his sons Robert Pinkerton
and William Pinkerton
Considered as the only investigative agency
with truly national capabilities
Philippine Setting
Pre-War

March 1, 1943
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Special Watchman Agency
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Later renamed Jimenez Security Agency
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First formally licensed private security agency
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Granted license by the City of Manila pursuant
to an ordinance passed by the City Council no.
2162
Post-War

“Bombay Serene”
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Security guard
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Porter
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Messenger
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No obligations to employers
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Watchman
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Deterrence by their physical presence
Early Security Agency
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Business name
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Mayor's permit
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Municipal licenses
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Book of account (BIR, Bureau of Internal
Revenue)
Lax supervision and administration by
government
Firearms are uncontrolled in terms of number,
distribution, caliber and type
Total permissiveness
PADPAO

Philippine Association of Detectives and
Protective Agency Operators, Inc.

May 30, 1958

Private security agency operators
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Code of conduct and a system of control
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Lobbied in congress
RA 5487
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Private Security Agency Law

June 13, 1969

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Set standards and minimum requirements for
operation of private security agencies
Specifically tasked the Commanding General,
Philippine Constabulary (CG, PC) with general
supervision over private security service
industry in the country
Problems

Inefficient small, fly-by-night operators
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Armed groups posing as security agencies
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Too-large agencies—private armies
PD No. 11

October 3, 1972

President Ferdinand E. Marcos

Rectify problems of RA 5487
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Enlarge coverage of “Private Security Law”

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Include security guards and watchmen
employed by logging concessions, agricultural
mining or pasture land and under the category
of watchmen
Security guard agency includes not only
government-owned but also controlled
corporations that employ their own security
guards
Increase regulatory power of CG, PC now
Chief, PNP that authorizes to impose sanctions
which is inclusive of authority to suspend
violators of provisions of RA 5487

Did not resolve the problems of private security
service industry from the viewpoint of law
enforcement
PD No. 100

January 17, 1973

Broaden the coverage of industry

Include employee of the national or local
government, or any agency, or instrumentality
thereof, that is employed to watch or secure
government buildings, compounds or premises
and other properties other than members of the
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), guards
of the National Bureau of Prisons (NBP),
provincial and city guards, and members of the
police forces of the cities and municipalities