University of Kansas | School of Engineering
Brandt Elster
1333699
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 1 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
•Definition
•Background & History
•Motivations and Objectives
•Deterrents
•Services and QoS
•Network Architecture
•Future of the Technology
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 2 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
• Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB)
• 4 th Generation wireless broadband access network
• All IP network
• Designed from the ground up to provide the type of access required in the modern mobile world, with great flexibility and interoperability
• Standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)
• Proprietary technology developed by Qualcomm
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 3 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
• Part of the CDMA 2000 standard

First named EV-DO rev C
– Renamed to Ultra Mobile Broadband by the CDMA Development Group (CDG)

Originally started as cdmaOne
– A 2G Qualcomm technology
– Capable of virtually no data communications
 Supports handoffs with both 1xRTT and 1xEV-DO
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 4 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
• cdmaOne was the 2G technology that both 1xRTT, 1xEV-DO, and 1xEV-DV are based on

1xRTT was the first step
– It is considered to be a 2.5G
– Capable of speeds up to 144 kbit/s
– Also referred to as just 1x
– Supports a very robust voice channel and low bandwidth data options.
» Main data use was text internet & downloading of reduced size pictures and music
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 5 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
• The next step was 1xEV-DO (Evolution Data Only)

Later renamed Evolution Data Optimized to remove the negative connotation

Most commonly referred to as just EVDO, or simply EV

First truly 3G technology and first real wireless broadband technology.
• AN alternative to EVDO was 1xEV-DV (Evolution Data & Voice)

The standard was not completed in time so it was ultimately passed up
 Theoretical speeds of 3.1 Mbit/s downlink and 1.8 Mbit/s uplink.
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 6 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
• EVDO began as Rel 0.

Significant speed improvements over 1x
– 2.4 Mbit/s downlink
– 153 kbps uplink

Includes the following protocols and more
– Hybrid ARQ
– Incremental Redundancy Feedback in the Downlink
– Downlink and Uplink Rate Controls

Supports the following applications
– broadband Internet
– MP3 music downloads
– 3D gaming
– TV broadcasts
– Video and audio downloads
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 7 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
• The current and most up to date standard of the CDMA2000 protocol is EVDO Rev A

It is currently being deployed over Rel 0

Capable of producing speeds of 3.1 Mbit/s downlink and 1.8 Mbit/s uplink

Uses enhanced access channel MAC
– Controls who sends and who receives and when

Advanced QoS support
 Increased spectral efficiency
– 1.2 times Rel 0 forward link sector capacity and 3.4 times reverse link sector capacity
 Low latency, below 50 ms
 Supports all the services of Rel 0 but adds higher quality video and faster loading times for streaming services
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 8 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
• Rev B would be the next upgrade

It is likely to be skipped for Rev C in 2009 similar to how EVDV was bypassed

Speeds of up to 14.7 Mbit/s downlink

Utilizes statistical multiplexing

Hybrid frequency reuse

Supports OFDM
 Adds multi carrier support
– Rev A uses 1.25 MHz carriers, most likely 3 per user would be used for Rev B, or 3.75 MHz
– This is unique from HSPA because the carriers do not need to be adjacent
» This allows operators to combine spectrum from multiple blocks
 Adds the ability to do High Definition video streaming, multiplayer online gaming, and replacement of home HSI and hotspots
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 9 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
•Motivations for EVDO Rev C (UMB)
• Backwards compatible with all CDMA 2000 Networks
• High speed data throughputs

280 Mbps Downlink

75 Mbps Uplink
• Low latency connections
 An average of 16 ms (32-byte, RTT) end-to-end network latency
• High QoS for a wide range of applications
• Seamless mobility
• Efficient frequency re-use deployment
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 10 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
•Deterrents for EVDO Rev C (UMB)
• Time to market

Components first available in late 2009 to 2010.
• No corporate commitments throughout world

Even current CDMA carriers are choosing competing technologies
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 11 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
•UMB faces another crucial issue. Backhaul
• As speed increase the need for more and more leased lines increases. Fiber alleviates some pressure but is limited in roll outs and is relatively expensive.
• Alternative options include but are not limited to
 Microwave
 Fixed WiFi or WiMax
 Dark Fiber
 ADSL or SHDSL
 PDH or SDH/SONET infrastructures
– E1/T1, E3, T3, STM-1/OC-3 …
 Cable Coaxial lines
• But none of the options is widely available in the US, especially in rural areas.
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 12 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
• Streaming of high quality video and audio
• Video calling
• VOIP for phone calls
• Provide enhanced data speeds for both handheld devices and laptop connect cards
• Could replace the traditional wired networks as they are much cheaper than fiber to the curb, and speeds look to be the same if not higher than those offered via wired today

This would be for the following services
– HSI to replace DSL/Cable Modems
– Digital Phone for the Home
– IPTV or TV over IP to replace standard cable or satellite provider
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 13 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
Category Current Environment UMB Possibilities
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
(9)
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 14 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
• Companies are also looking to build 4G chips into more electronic devices than just cell phones and laptops
• Looking for every electronic device to have a 4G connection to the internet

Fridge could download recipes and auto update shopping list with what you need
 Digital camera’s would be able to instantly upload photo’s to photo sharing and social networking sites, as well as having the ability to send them via email directly from the camera
 MP3 players could download songs from anywhere, similar to the Apple iPod Touch but without the need for a WiFi connection
 Cars would be able to auto diagnose issues and email the mechanic to notify them of issues
 These are just a couple of the endless possibilities that 4 th generation networks are trying to tap into
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 15 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
•According to the CDG UMB combines the following network protocols into a single air interface, utilizing the individual advantages of each one
 CDMA

OFDMA

MIMO

SDMA

FDD
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 16 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
•
More on FDD since it has not been covered in class
• Frequency Division Duplexing
•
Basically means that the transmitter and the receiver operate at different frequencies
• This is better than Time Division Duplexing
 TDD is where the receiver and the transmitter take turns sending
 This wastes precious resources in between the turn off and turn on stage
 TDD also takes more complicated circuitry than FDD and is thus more expensive
FDD
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
TDD
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 17 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
•Spectrum allocations from 1.25 MHz up to 20 MHz
• Can support 1000 simultaneous VOIP users across 20 MHz FDD
•A flat network architecture
• Simplifies core network design
• Eliminates the need for centralized base station controllers (BSCs)
•A converged-access network (CAN) design that enables seamless mobility
•A multi-route feature that enables fast switching between base stations and provides requisite support for latency-sensitive applications
•Layer 2 and layer 3 tunneling mechanisms to simplify the network interface
•Adaptive interference management
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 18 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
(5)
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 19 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
•Ultra Mobile Broadband is a 4 th generation wireless access network
•It is competing against LTE & Mobile WiMax for commercial deployments
•
LTE is the European favored technology
• Part of the HSPA upgrade path
•
Mobile WiMax is the IEEE technology
• It is an enlarged version of WiFi hot spots
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 20 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
• Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB)
• Looks to be a dead technology on arrival
• Qualcomm recently announced support for LTE
• Long Term Evolution (LTE)
• Should see deployments throughout Europe, US and Asia
 Vodaphone, China Mobile, Verizon Wireless, AT&T, T-Mobile (Europe), Orange, NTT DoCoMo
• Estimates put 450 Million worldwide subscriber base by 2015
• Mobile WiMax
• Currently deployed in US under brand XOHM
 Online in Chicago, Baltimore, Washington DC
 Consumer launch to be announced at CTIA this week
 Currently demonstrating the technology from CTIA in Las Vegas & has announced handsets
• Deployed commercially in South Korea
 SK Telecom under the name WiBro
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 21 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
•UMB is the future upgrade for CDMA2000 networks
• 1xRTT & 1xEVDO
•It is unlikely to ever be deployed
•It is based on OFDMA & CDMA
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ultra Mobile Broadband - 22 of 23
Brandt Elster

University of Kansas | School of Engineering
1.
TIA, "cdma2000® High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification." TIA-856-A Apr 2004 Apr 2 2004
<http://www.tiaonline.org/standards/technology/cdma2000/documents/TIA-856-A.pdf>.
2.
Gozalvez, J. "1. Ultra Mobile Broadband [Mobile Radio]." Vehicular Technology Magazine, IEEE Mar 2007:
3.
"3G - Ultra Mobile Broadband." CDG : Technology. 2008. CDG. 2 Apr 2008 <http://www.cdg.org/technology/3g_umb.asp>.
4.
ABI Research, " A Poor Market Outlook for Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) Says ABI Research, but Qualcomm’s Future
Still Secure." Business Wire 28 Dec 2007:
5.
"UMB Network Architecture." Qualcomm Inc Dec 2007 02 Apr 2008 <7. http://www.qualcomm.com/common/documents/white_papers/UMB_Network_Achitecture.pdf>.
6.
" ULTRA MOBILE BROADBAND (UMB) SPECIFICATION IS PUBLISHED." CDG : Mews & Events. CDG. 2 Apr 2008
<http://www.cdg.org/news/press/2007/Sep24_07.asp>.
7.
"CDMA Buzz-Words EV-DO Rev C as UMB." PhoneNews.com 05 Dec 2006 02 Apr 2008
<http://www.phonenews.com/cdma-buzz-words-ev-do-rev-c-as-umb-1615/>.
8.
"What Is cdma2000?." cdma2000 Technology Family: 1xRTT, EVDO, UMB, and EVDV 02 Apr 2008
<http://eogogics.com/talkgogics/tutorials/cdma2000>.
9.
UMTS Forum, "Standardising the future of mobile communications with LTE (Long Term Evolution)." Towards Global
Mobile Broadband (2008):
10. Wikipedia. 2 Apr 2008 <http://wikipedia.org/>.
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Brandt Elster