Chap 5: Community Organization/
Building and Health Promotion
Anita Sego
Spring, 2005
Chap 5: Community Organization
Chapter Objectives
• Define community organizing.
• Identify the assumptions that underlie
the process of community organization.
• Briefly explain the difference between
locality development, social planning,
and social action approaches to
community organization.
• List the steps for a generalized model for
community organizing/building
Chap 5: Community Organization
Chapter Objectives
• Explain what is meant by community
building.
• Explain the difference between health
education and health promotion.
• State and summarize the steps involved
in creating a health promotion program.
• Define the term needs assessment.
Chap 5: Community Organization
Chapter Objectives
• Briefly explain the six steps used in assessing
needs.
• Explain the difference between goals and
objectives.
• List the different type of intervention strategies.
• Explain the purposes of pilot testing in program
development.
• State the difference between formative and
summative evaluation.
Chap 5: Community Organization
Definition
• Community organizing
– “a process through which communities are
helped to identify common problems or
goals, mobilize resources, and in other ways
develop and implement strategies for
reaching their goals they have collectively
set.”
Chap 5: Community Organization
Assumptions of Community
Organization
1. Communities of people can develop the
capacity to deal with their own problems.
2. People want to change and can change.
3. People should participate in making, adjusting,
or controlling the major changes taking place in
their communities.
4. Changes in community living, which are selfimposed or self-developed have a meaning and
permanence that imposed changes do not
have.
Chap 5: Community Organization
Assumptions of Community
Organization
5. A ‘holistic approach’ can deal successfully with
problems with which a ‘fragmented approach’
cannot cope.
6. Democracy requires cooperative participation &
action in the affairs of the community, & people
must learn the skills which make this possible.
7. Frequently, communities of people need help in
organizing to deal with their needs, just as
many individuals require help with individual
problems.
Chap 5: Community Organization
Community Organizing
Methods
• Locality development
– is a broad self-help method in which local citizens
develop new skills and become more self-sufficient.
• Social planning
– utilizes skilled volunteers in the community in a
technical process of problem solving.
• Social action
– is a technique that involves the redistribution of power
and resources to disadvantaged segments of the
population.
Chap 5: Community Organization
Process for Organizing a Community
Recognizing the problem
Making entry into the community
Organizing the people
Assessing the community
Determining priorities & setting goals
Selecting a solution to the problem
Chap 5: Community Organization
The Final 4 Steps
Implementing
Evaluating
Looping back
Maintaining
Chap 5: Community Organization
Creating a Health Promotion Program
Assessing
needs
Identifying
the
problem
Setting
goals
&
Objectives
Developing
an
Intervention
Implementing
Evaluating
the
the results
Intervention
A Generalized Model for Program Planning
Chap 5: Community Organization
Creating a Health Promotion/ Disease
Prevention Program - Overview
• Assessing the needs
• Identifying the problem(s)
• Setting goals and objectives
• Developing an intervention
• Implementing the intervention
• Evaluating the results
Chap 5: Community Organization
Assessing the Needs
Determine the purpose & scope
Gathering data
Analyzing the data
Identifying factors linked to the health problem
Identifying the program focus
Validating the prioritized need
Chap 5: Community Organization
Creating a Health Promotion/ Disease
Prevention Program - Overview
• Assessing the needs
• Setting goals and objectives
– goal is a future event toward which an endeavor is
directed
– objectives are steps taken in pursuit of a goal
• Developing an intervention
– designing activities that meet your objectives
• Implementing the intervention
– putting into practice
• Evaluating the results
Chap 5: Community Organization
Evaluating the results
Chap 5: Community Organization
Evaluating the results
Planning the evaluation
Chap 5: Community Organization
Evaluating the results
Planning the evaluation
Collecting the data
Chap 5: Community Organization
Evaluating the results
Planning the evaluation
Collecting the data
Analyzing the data
Chap 5: Community Organization
Evaluating the results
Planning the evaluation
Collecting the data
Analyzing the data
Reporting results
Chap 5: Community Organization
Evaluating the results
Planning the evaluation
Collecting the data
Analyzing the data
Reporting results
Applying the results
Chap 5: Community Organization
Chapter 5
Community Organization and
Health Promotion Planning:
Two Important
Tools Of Community Health