N Croft
Abstract: The focus of this paper is a description of collaboration in the context of the
Finnish steel product industry network – Steelpolis - which is known both nationally and internationally as a highly valued modern centre of expertise for heavy engineering and metal industries and metal technology, with a special emphasis on steel structure and joint technologies. The Steelpolis structure is formed by a group of 18 SMEs, with both producers and industrial service providers represented in the group, and the global steel producer as the central company in the network. We have reviewed a theoretical framework from the relevant literature on key elements of collaboration. These elements are used as an evaluation framework for analysing a case from Finnish steel products industry network. According to these preliminary results, we conclude that open and close co-operation between companies is a fundamental basis for developing a world-class supply network where speed, cost effectiveness and quality are the key issues.
Keywords: Steelpolis, centre of expertise, supply network, collaboration, steel product industry
The development of business and industry has led to a situation where companies no longer compete alone as autonomous entities, but rather as part of a network (Lambert et al. 1998,
Christopher 1998). As companies continuously seek to provide their products and services to customers faster, cheaper, and better than their competitors, they have to work on a collaborative basis with the best companies in the whole supply chain in order to succeed.
(Chobra & Meindl 2001). Companies focus on their core competencies and by networking complement other competencies. This places a greater responsibility on delivering the right product at the right time and places the responsibility with all the partners involved in the production and distribution of a product or service, from raw material provider to the final customers. This kind of development has forced companies to seek potential co-operation partners who can take care of some of their business activities. The need to develop long-term relationships such as strategic partnerships and alliances with a limited number of suppliers on the basis of mutual confidence has become crucial to companies’ success (Christopher 1998).
According to Croxton et al. (2001) the companies that are able to take a new approach to business, work closely with partners to design and manage processes that extend across traditional corporate boundaries, will succeed in the future.
Many researchers have discussed today about collaboration in the supply chain and how it leads to competitive advantage (i.e. Mentzer 2001, Bowersox & Closs 1996, Christopher
1998). However, the recent literature indicates that, despite the widespread recognition of establishing and developing strategic supplier partnerships, relatively few companies have been successful in these efforts (Handfield et al. 2001). In addition, some argue that collaboration is not the best practice for managing suppliers (Cox 2001). Not enough research has been carried out about the benefits and downside of strategic supplier partnering, what does partnering mean in practice and how do the companies actually pursue strategic partnerships with the suppliers. Also the modern role of regional development centres lacks
1

academic discussion. The purpose of this paper is firstly to study the development of collaboration in a business environment, and the crucial concepts for developing collaboration in manufacturing networks (or operational networks) in the operative level from a theoretical perspective.
Secondly , we present the Steelpolis supplier network, the centre of expertise of heavy engineering and metal industries, its activities and main features. Thirdly , the paper identifies the critical issues for developing collaboration between companies in the case of a supplier network and also the role regional development centres.
This study presents some preliminary findings from a specific evolving manufacturing network and therefore the research approach used is descriptive and qualitative. The empirical data for the study was collected with the help of processes in Steelpolis. In practice this study consists of empirical research conducted as a case study in the steel product industry business between 2001-2003. In order to analyze the network and its operations, we have drawn up a list of activities. First, unstructured interviews were held in order to get a realistic understanding of the companies and their activities. The first interview was carried out in 12 companies, where the core competences, the level of current co-operation and facilities for utilizing ICT tools were structured. Secondly , based on first impressions from the interviews, a workshop was organized for discussion of the selected topics (i.e. the state of the network, changes in the business environment and possibilities to operate as a network in the future). In the workshop there were in total 43 participants from 16 different companies. These given three topics were first analyzed through SWOT in 4 smaller groups and then discussed among the participants. Thirdly , based on these discussions, a specific questionnaire for the companies was designed to find out the nature of the cornerstones of a roadmap for an effective supply chain network operation model and also to reflect the current state of cooperation in each company. The third part was realized in 8 companies, where the company representatives (i.e. owners, CEOs) formed a working group and provided answers to 25 open-ended questions covering areas such as how changes in the business environment affect the customer base and their demands, competitors, technology and the practices in the network.
The respondents represented their own companies as part of the steel industry network.
Network approach
According to Gummesson (2000), a company can be viewed as a node in an ever-widening pattern of interactions, in some of which it is a direct participant, some of which affect it indirectly and some of which occur independently of it. This web of interactions is as complex and multifarious as to deny a full description or analysis. Indeed, the interaction between a single buyer and selling company can be complex enough .
This network approach understands industrial marketing as interaction in a network or relationships - it broadens the concept form a simple dyad to a more complex network structure. The core variables are the networks, interaction, activities, resources and actors. One relationship between two companies is only a subsystem of a larger network. The level of relationship is affected by its character, the national level relationships are considered more extensive, intensive and intimate than international level relationships. (Håkansson & Johanson 1988, Håkansson &
Snehota 1995). Each business network is unique, which is the result of two factors: the uniqueness of each individual relationship and the unique combination of number of relationships in each network (Cunningham & Culligan 1988). Figure 1 explains the difference between the terms supply network, supplier network and supply chain. A supply
2

network is defined as a set of inter-connected supply chains, embodying the flow of goods and services to end customers (Lamming et al. 2000). The focus of this definition is a limited manageable set of operational tasks performed to meet the order-winning criteria of individual end customer segments (Hill 1993). Supply network studies are mostly based on the focal firm perspective, which is particularly relevant in terms of providing managerial guidance and tools (Lehtinen 2001). In the network the role of the focal company is important; one company can take a hub role in the network structure. Moreover the strategic centre is responsible for value creation with its partners, as well as being a leader, role setter and capacity builder (Lorenzi & Baden-Fuller 1995).
Supplier network
Focal firm’s supply network
Focal firm
Dyad
Figure 1. The operations network of a focal firm (modified from Lehtinen 2001)
Two basic structures of the subcontracting systems have been identified: the tiered structure and star-shaped system (figure 2). OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) is an organisation within the supply chain that is responsible for the delivery and development of the end product to customers. OEM has a central role in material and information flows; suppliers have direct contacts with OEM and the amount of indirect suppliers is limited. In addition to the role of the focal company (or OEM), there are several different roles and positions for suppliers in the network. According to Ford et al. (2002), suppliers may attain the position of a system supplier, which has a direct relationship with the buying company, and they may also have relationships with companies in the second and third tiers of the network. These second and third tier suppliers normally do not have direct contact with the buying company, as they operate through the first tier supplier. The evident trend is towards the tiered structure and has become the paradigm of the best practice (Stuart et al. 1998).
In such an environment two basis approaches for handling relations are possible: competition or co-operation. In networks, co-operation is argued to be the dominant approach, since resources owned by a particular firm are needed by another and vice versa. Network cooperation also enables a company to undertake operations that would otherwise be impossible for this company alone. Strong network co-operation also prevents outside parties sharing networks resources. The focal network structure is often very stable, since firms operating in the network have a tendency to preserve the existing balance of network power. The focal firm has control over the resources owned and investments between firms to ensure even further structure stability. Network structures are indeed stable, but not static: network actors are active and, within the existing network structure, current relationships change, new relationships are formed and some relationships are terminated. (Seppälä 2001).
3

SC
SC
OEM
SC
OEM
SS
SC SC
OEM
–
Original Equipment
Manufacturer
SC
–
Sub-contractor
SS -
System supplier SC SC
SC
Figure 2. The star-shaped and tiered structure of a supplier system (Lehtinen 2001)
Lehtinen (2001) states the basic reasons in traditional subcontracting: actors outside a company can offer better price/quality – ratio, investments in own manufacturing are too large or too risky or the demand is too low, technology changes fast, competition causes fast changes in the market share, and the demand is insecure. However, not all so-called strategic alliances and partnerships are successful. One reason is that at least one of the parties has unrealistic expectations regarding the structure or outcomes of the relationship. It is also important for the supplier relationship to be win-win. If both parties do not gain from the relationship, the incentive to be in the relationship is diminished and it will likely dissolve
(Croxton et al. 2001). There must also be a shared vision and shared objectives among the focal company and suppliers about interdependency and the principles of collaboration.
Efforts must focus on providing the best end-customer value regardless of where, along the supply chain, the necessary competences exist. Relationship integration requires a willingness of the supply chain partners to create structures, frameworks, and metrics that encourage cross-organizational behaviour. The following sections introduce the capabilities that drive relationship integration: role specification, guidelines, information sharing, and gain and risk sharing. Role specification is the capability to clarify leadership processes and establish shared versus individual enterprise responsibility. The guidelines create the rules, policies, and procedures needed to facilitate collaboration, leverage, and conflict resolution between the partners. Information sharing involves the willingness to exchange key technical, financial, operational, and strategic information with others in the supply chain. Finally, gain and risk sharing capabilities are derived from a willingness to apportion rewards and penalties appropriately across partner firms. High index achieving firms strive to develop behaviour that provides the vision, willingness, and measurement structures that enable supply chain partners to creatively shift, share, and reward risk and responsibility. (Bowersox, et al. 1999).
From co-operation to collaboration
Strategic alliances and partnerships are crucial to the success of networking. Firms are encouraged to focus their attention on the entire supply chain and reduce the number of suppliers that they have to deal with. Many firms have developed preferred supplier programs as well as core transport carriers to ensure that a quality product is received where and when needed. Successful strategic alliances or partnerships with customers, suppliers, third-party providers and other strategic partners must be based on extreme trust, loyalty, positive sum game (a win-win relationship), cross-functional teams, sharing common goals and cooperation that includes a willingness to assist, and positive negotiations based on fairness
(Chandra & Kumar 2000).
According to Speakman et al. (1998) the level of partnership can be divided into three categories: The first step, cooperation , evolves from open market negotiations, characterized by a short-term buyer-supplier relationship approach and based fundamentally on commercial conditions for transaction and, frequently, a mood of aggression. Thus, cooperation level
4

means a change of mentality, from short-term contracts and possible confrontation between members to a long-term view which is closer in nature, gradually sharing more information in a more transparent way. The second stage of partnership is reached by means of coordination of actions among members and joint work in search for efficiency in material and information flows along the chain, based on common management indicators and control parameters.
Finally, the possibility opens up for going one stage further in the partnership, to collaboration , through a high level of integration, in both strategic and operative approaches, jointly undertaking continuous improvement of business processes with the objective of attaining an efficient response to the final consumer. (Mejías-Sacaluga & Prado-Prado 2002).
In the literature, some common characteristics crucial for developing and maintaining successful relationships were recognized:
- Individual excellence (Gattorna & Walters 1996),
- Clear expectations (Mentzer 2001),
- Common interest, commitment and benefit sharing (Bowersox & Closs 1996, Mentzer
2001, Gattorna & Walters 1996),
- Open information sharing (Bowersox & Closs 1996, Nesheim 2001, Mentzer 2001,
Gattorna & Walters 1996),
- Focus on joint developments, cross-company and cross-functional co-operation
(Nesheim 2001, Mentzer 2001, Gattorna & Walters 1996),
- Controlled implementation (leadership) (Bowersox & Closs 1996, Mentzer 2001),
- Technology choice ( Mentzer 2001),
- Benefits realization (Bowersox & Closs 1996), and
- Trust, integrity (Mentzer 2001, Gattorna & Walters 1996).
Any company considering strategic partnering should do so only after an analysis of what it sees as its critical strategic issues and how these may be resolved. Critical issues should first be identified and prioritized by their likely impact, urgency and significance (Gattorna &
Walters 1996). Having completed this part of the analysis, the next step is to re-evaluate the critical issues through the agreed structure of the partnership or alliance. According to Fisher
(1997), suppliers should be chosen for their speed and flexibility, not for their low cost.
Partnerships, while necessary and beneficial, are costly in terms of the time and effort required, and that is why it is important to ensure that scarce resources are dedicated only to those relationships which will truly benefit the partnership. Typically, the benefits that accrue to all members of the network are: high profitability, improved long-term planning, greater understanding of the objectives of the other partners, predictable transactions and cash flow, and improved forecasting (Gattorna & Walters 1996).
The empirical approach of this study was carried out through Steelpolis, which is known both nationally and internationally as a highly valued modern centre of expertise for heavy engineering and metal technology, with a special emphasis on steel structure and joint technologies. Steelpolis brings together a group of 18 companies in the steel sector in the
Raahe area and its surroundings in Northern Finland. Engineering workshops, industrial service providers and global steel producers form the central partners in the network. Steel manufacturers produce total solutions for construction and mechanical engineering and metal production industries. The group has a wide range of products and services for metal products like hot-rolled, cold-rolled and coated plates and sheets made of low alloy steels, cut steel products, steel tubes and pipes and long steel products. Manufacturing subcontractors in the network have their own areas of expertise e.g. flame cutting, welding, machining, bending,
5

forming, and shape cutting. The network includes also one engineering company, two testing companies and one logistics provider.
The structure of the Steelpolis network has been presented in figure 3 from the focal company’s point of view, not because of optimizing all activities towards the focal company, but just to present the fields as sub-networks inside Steelpolis. However, in terms of the power and leadership structures of a supply chain, it is important that the network has one strong player as an engine. The role of the engine is especially important when adopting new technology and business models in network. (Lambert et al. 1998, Bowersox & Closs 1996).
Furthermore, it is true that this engine is at least one link between the other companies of the network. The SME suppliers are in connection with each other, in one way or another, by serving different kinds of products or services. The division in figure 3 is based on product segments, but there are also vertical connections between these product segments and naturally one company can be present in several segments.
Bending and forming Welding and machining
Shape cutting and edge preparation
G
Plate components for offshore applications
M
O
A
D A
N
Q
E L
A
F
Steel producer
B
A
P
A B
M
Components for wind mill applications
K
J
H
C
I
Quenched and tempered plate components
Design engineering and quality assurance
Figure 3. Supplier network of the focal company in 2002 (Lakkala 2003)
Suppliers are today divided into four levels of contractual relationships: co-operation agreements concerning certain contractual products, annual agreements, case by case fixed orders and cost per hour invoicing in certain work capabilities. Any company considering develop strategic partnering should do so only after an analysis of what it sees as its critical strategic issues and how these may be resolved. The critical issues should first be identified and prioritized by their likely impact, urgency and significance (Gattorna & Walters 1996).
Having completed this part of analysis, the next step is to re-evaluate the critical issues through the agreed structure of the partnership or alliance. In Steelpolis, the focal company has developed its own criteria for categorizing suppliers in the network. The criteria is based on the suppliers’ growth and stability, required service level and the sophistication and compatibility of the suppliers’ implementation process, the suppliers’ technological capabilities and compatibility, the volume, the capacity available from the suppliers and the suppliers’ anticipated quality level. The actual procedure of the focal company in network managing is: some specific performance measurements for the supplier network, regular meetings with each supplier, a development plan for each partner relationship, and annual network meeting (general communication and feedback, common understanding of trends and requirements in the future).
6

According to the industry authorities, the steel and machine industry is undergoing a phase of change. Competition in global markets creates development pressures on effectiveness in order to maintain the effectiveness of the whole supply chain.
For Steelpolis, these developments pose several possibilities and challenges. Competence is one of the main strengths of the network. The focal company is a global actor and has strategic visions for development of the industry as a whole. The operative competence is at a good level in the supplier network. The core competencies today, may be core restrictions tomorrow, and the companies should have guidelines for further developing their competencies and especially models for sharing these competencies in the supplier network.
In order to co-operate and create transparency and visibility in the network, trust is needed.
Companies inside Steelpolis know each other and the possibilities for creating trust between the companies, and thus the network is excellent. Also, the companies are quite closely located and connected with good transportation possibilities. In the same region there is another Centre of Excellence; Softpolis, which gives good support for information management and communication technology (ICT). Competence in ICT will be a good advantage in the search for effectiveness in the future. Software technology will continue to grow in areas not yet imagined. However, the current management in the network is not culturally comfortable with ICT use; neither is the industry attractive to young engineers who encourage its adoption. If metal companies continue to wait to adopt the current technology, they run the risk of falling further behind other industries. Competent and skilled employees may be difficult to find in the future, mainly because the network consists of SMEs with difficulties to offer competitive salaries or career possibilities to such employees. It is also difficult for SMEs to react to new investment possibilities. One potential problem is that networking and deeper co-operation is only in its infancy. Companies are competing for the same orders that may lead to problems in co-operation and collaboration.
The trend towards providing complete services or solutions is rising and the network is capable, with the focal company, of supplying total deliveries. There is an opportunity for the focal company to increase the value added and for SMEs to obtain bigger deliveries to new customers. There is also the possibility for SMEs to develop and specialize themselves and focus on core competencies. Such focusing may create new growth in new sectors. As an entity there is an opportunity open for further collaboration. Competence in communication technology in Softpolis creates the possibility of increasing the degree of automation in companies (and the agility) that may also make the industry more attractive. The attractiveness and image of the industry is currently weak at least in the Raahe region.
Currently, the workforce is ageing and a younger workforce is attracted by other industries.
Furthermore, migration outside the region is a serious threat. Companies are competing with each other about the same labour force. The development of technology requires investments and training for the personnel and the SMEs might not be able to provide the resources needed.
Table 1. Summarizing the current state of the Steelpolis network
Strengths
Operative competence
Possibilities to create trust
Geographical position
Support of ICT by
Softpolis
Weaknesses
Non-attractiveness of the industry
Network consists of
SMEs
Networking is in the beginning
Opportunities
Capable of supplying complete services
Focus on creating new growth in new sectors
Opportunity for open cooperation
Competence possibilities to increase degree of automation
Threats
Weak image of the industry
Weak image of the region
Companies are partly competing between each other
Investment possibilities
Lack of skilled employees
7

Networking on a collaborative basis changes the operational environment of the companies.
At the least, the aim for the companies should be a world-class supply network, where speed, cost effectiveness and quality are the key issues. Speed means a short lead-time with flexible reaction to changes. Cost effectiveness can be achieved with lean supply chains and low inventories serving he whole network. Quality refers to products, services and processes.
Then the controllability and quality of the chain are at a good level. To develop collaboration in the business network requires investments and both financial and human resources. The lack of development personnel, difficulty in changing practices and courage to concentrate on specific managerial activities are critical issues especially for SME suppliers. SME suppliers have several benefits over larger ones, namely, agility, flexibility, efficient internal communication and reactive management. However, the threats are financial risks in investments and entry to larger markets. On the other hand, the combined potential can convert several small companies into one serious player in global market too. So far this has been more a theoretical issue for the Steelpolis network. The efficiency of the network is based on social relations and trust between people even when the value creation process is vital. Social relations create a structure of rational selection of partners and form the basis for future co-operation. In complex and dynamic environments, long term relations can remove insecurity and increase productivity and innovativeness.
Customer orientation will increase as a result of e-commence, while different possibilities for services are available. Fast technological development will change the operational environment. A typical feature of products today is that several independent technologies are integrated, which creates possibilities but also threats. Technology management will become important. A network is a co-operation of independent enterprises when companies decide to create a strategy for a certain business. Participants give their core competence to common network in order to create concrete projects. The asset of a small company is flexibility.
Operations in a business network are based on the interaction and transmission of information. Therefore e-commerce and a data communication network have a significant role in the evolution, or more likely in the revolution. Several phases can be removed, the final customer can be connected directly to network and the order can be visualized in the supplier network through a data communication network. When developing collaboration, SME suppliers have difficulties in adapting new technologies and competence. They may confront as individual companies inadequate market information i.e. they do not have the resources to do reliable market research.
The majority of companies are in the beginning of the life cycle of a collaborative network economy. Networks are seeking and developing effective ways to operate and therefore new means and models are needed just to this purpose. However a general trend should be to increase modern information and communication technology in coming years. The biggest challenge is how the technology can be really utilized in business processes. The problem is usually that the information exists, but it cannot be utilized. This in practice causes duplicated activities, wasted work and resources. At worst it can totally prevent new business opportunities. Developing and utilizing a supplier network seems to be offer possibilities for growth, development and maintaining competitiveness. This means adopting new operative models and utilizing modern information and communication technologies.
Usually one significant issue arises when discussing management or network control.
Naturally in the beginning some kind of kick-off or impulse is needed, where the role of modern regional development organisations come into the picture. It is not logical to create needless bureaucracy in the network, because it only requires resources. The purpose of business networks is to make money, and the strategies and operations within should be designed so that the idea of business yields enough to continue the collaboration. From a business point of view, other kinds of networks cannot exist.
8

This study has reflected on the importance of collaboration in the supplier network and, in practice, the need for a modern centre of expertise – a kick-off for the development. The companies in the case steel network have realized that they do not have to possess all the competences needed for providing the customer with the products and services needed,, but instead they can collaborate and utilize the competences provided by the other members in the network. The case supplier companies have started to develop long-term business relationships with the focal company and with other suppliers. The need to improve the current level of collaboration is obvious and recognized in the network companies. The development requires changing incentive systems, collaborating with partners in the supply chain, investing in information systems that give rise to coordinated and synchronized planning, and create true partnership relationships.
Several recent studies have emphasized the role of the engine in networks to develop roadmap an effective business and operation model. The effect has been positive for both the engine and the carriages. The role of the engine is especially significant in adopting new operational models for business. The role of the focal company was found crucial in this evolving network as well. Steelpolis, as a centre of excellence, has also a significant role as a facilitator of the forming network, especially for SMEs without the resources themselves to procure new development programs, negotiate on local or national politics and financiers, and cooperate with research and education organizations.
To conclude, the level of collaboration in the steel industry network studied is still quite low, but companies are enthusiastically developing their networking possibilities and collaboration with other members of the network. In order to be able to respond to more comprehensive, global customer requirements, the network needs to develop collaboration, i.e. enhance the information sharing and information transparency and co-operate to utilize the core competences of the network partners. An important step for the future is also to develop common metrics in the network. This is particularly critical in the supplier relationship management process because these metrics measure the success of the focal company’s relationship with the suppliers and with the metrics you can judge the impact of integration in the supply chain.
REFERENCES
REFERENCES
Page, T., ''A Hypermedia-based Learning Environment in Support of Learning and Teaching in Electronic Product Design'', in Crossing Design Boundaries, Rodgers, Broadhurst and
Hepburn (Eds), Taylor & Francis Group, London, Napier University, Edinburgh, 2005, pp
497-502, ISBN 0 415 39118 0.
Page, T. and Millburn, R. ''Misregistration in High-Density Interconnects during PrePreg
Bonding'', Electronics Manufacturing Engineering: Society of Manufacturing Engineers,
Dearborn, MI, USA, (181), 2004, pp 12-18.
Page, T., ''An Evaluation in the Use of Internet-Based Instructional Resources and MLE in
Support of Teaching and Learning of CAD/CAM'', Design and Technology Education, An
International Journal 9(2), 2004, pp 65-76, ISSN 1360-1431.
9

Page, T., ''A learner evaluation of the use of intranet-based instructional resources and MLE in support of the teaching and learning of CAE'', International Journal of Learning
Technology, 1(3), 2005, pp. 339-351, ISSN 1477-8386, DOI: 10.1504/IJLT.2005.006521.
Page, T. and Ha, Joong Gyu, ''Design Education with Support of a Virtual Learning
Environment'', Journal of Asia-Pacific Design Forum, 3(11), 2006, pp 89-96, ISBN: 1975-
2946.
Iskanius, P., Haapasalo, H. and Page, T., ''Requirements for change in a traditional industry to be competitive: transformation towards an agile supply chain.'', International Journal of Agile
Systems and Management, 1(3), September 2006, pp 258-278, ISBN 1741-9174, DOI:
10.1504/IJASM.2006.010942.
Page, T. and Lehtonen, M., ''Problem-Based Learning in Design and Technology Education
Supported by Hypermedia-Based Environments'', i-Managers' journal on educational technology, 3(3), December 2006, pp 63-78, ISBN: 0973-0559.
Iskanius, P, Alaruikka, AM, Page, T (2007) Streamlining Information Flow in Steel Product
Design and Manufacturing Industry Network, The International Journal of Integrated Supply
Management, 3(3), pp.244-260, ISSN: 1477-5360. DOI: 10.1504/IJISM.2007.012629.
Page, T. and Arunachalam, S. “Circuit Design Techniques for Electromagnetic Compliance”, i-manager’s journal on electrical engineering, March 2008, 1(3), pp.1-6, ISSN: 0973-8835.
Ichimura, M., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T. “An Emerging Training Model for Successful
Lean Manufacturing –An Empirical Study”, I-manager’s journal on management (Special
Issue on Finance): Part 2, May 2008, 2(4), pp.29-39, ISSN: 0973-5054.
Uden, L and Page, T. “Development of Learning Resources to Promote Knowledge Sharing in Problem Based Learning”. I-manager’s journal on educational technology”. 5(1). June
2008. pp.15-22. ISSN: 0973-0559.
Page, T. “Ensuring Software Quality in Engineering Environments”, I-manager’s journal on software Engineering, June 2008, 2(4), pp.1-5, ISSN: 0973-5151.
Page, T. “The Modeling of Analogue Systems Through an Object-Oriented Design Method”,
I-manager’s journal on electrical engineering, June 2008, 1(4), pp.1-8, ISSN: 0973-8835.
Jayaram, K., Sankaranarayanasamy, J. K., Arunachalam, S and Page, T. “A Neural Network
Approach To Tolerance Synthesis and Cost Optimisation in Assembly”, I-manager’s journal on future Engineering and Technology, July 2008, 3(4), pp.62-69, ISSN: 0973-2632.
Asokan, P., Jerald, J., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Application of Adaptive Genetic
Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimisation in Scheduling of Jobs and AS/RS in FMS'',
International Journal of Manufacturing Research, 3(4), 2008, pp 393-405, ISSN 1750-0591.
Dhanalakshmi, V., Arunachalam, S., Sankaranarayanaswamy, K., and Page, T. ''A fuzzy
Analysis Approach to Part Family Formation in Cellular Manufacturing Systems”, Journal of
Studies in Informatics and Control, 17(4), December 2008, pp 433-440, ISBN 1220-1766.
Budan, D. A., Vijarangan, S., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T. “An Analysis of Machining
Forces on Graphite/Epoxy, Glass/Epoxy and Kevlar/Epoxy Composites Using a Neural
10

Network Approach”. I-manager’s journal on future Engineering and Technology. Oct 2008.
Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 28-35, ISSN: 0973-2632.
Page, T. “Soft Systems Modelling of the New Product Development Process – A Case
Study”, I-manager’s journal on management, Nov 2008, 3(2), pp.34-38, ISSN: 0973-5054.
Rajesh Kannan, A., Pandey, K. S., Shanmugam, S., Narayanasamy, R., Arunachalam, S. and
Page T. “Deformation Behaviour of F-0.8%C-I.O-0.8%Cu Sintered P/M Steel During
Powder Preform Forging” International Journal for Manufacturing Science and Technology,
10(1), December 2008, pp.61-70, ISBN 1524-1548.
Murugan, M., Ghudharan, P. K., Arunachalam, S. and Page T. “Effect Of Pulsed GTA
Welding Process Parameters On Delta Ferrite Content Of Alsi 3041 Stainless Steel Welds”
International Journal for Manufacturing Science and Technology, 10(1), December 2008, pp.71-90, ISBN 1524-1548.
Iskanius, P., Helaakoski, H. S. and Page, T., “A Collaborative Working Tool for Information
Systems Integration and Continuous improvement”, International Journal of Business and
Systems Research, 3(2), 2009, pp 202-215, ISSN 1751-200X.
Page, T. “A Technical Forecast for Growth in Solid-State Commercial Lighting Using LED
Devices”, I-manager’s journal on electrical engineering, September 2009, 2(4), pp.49-64,
ISSN: 0973-8835.
Ramesh, R., Jerald, J., Page, T. and Arunachalam, S., ''Concurrent Tolerance Allocation using an Artificial Neural Network and continuous Ant Colony Optimisation'', International Journal of Design Engineering, 2(1), September 2009, pp. 1-25, ISBN 1751-5874.
Budan, D. A., Vijarangan, S., Arunachalam, S. and Page T. “Effect of Fibre Position and
Proportion on the machinability of GFRP composites – An FEA & Merchant’s Model”, Imanager’s journal on future Engineering and Technology. Oct 2009. Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 33-43,
ISSN: 0973-2632.
Krishnamurthy, L, Sridhara, B. K., Abdul Budan, D., Arunachalam, S. and Page T. “A Series of Tool-Life Studies on Aluminium Matrix Hybrid Composites”, I-manager’s journal on future Engineering and Technology. Oct 2009. Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 26-32, ISSN: 0973-2632.
Budan, D. A., Vijarangan, S., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T. “An Analysis of Machining
Forces on Graphite/Epoxy, Glass/Epoxy & Kevlar/Epoxy Composites Using a Neural
Network Approach”, Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technology, 1(2), December 2009, pp. 129-140, ISBN 0794-8415.
Krishnamurthy, L., Sridhara. B. K., Abdul Budan, D., Page, T. and Arunachalam, S. “Tool
Wear Studies on Aluminium Matrix Hybrid Composites”, International Journal for
Manufacturing Science and Technology, 11(1), December 2009, pp.5-10, ISBN 1524-1548.
Palanicharny, R., Nagaraj, P., Page, T. and Arunachalam, S. “Effect of Fin Geometry on Heat
Transfer Performance in Aluminium Circular Tube with Internal Fin and Engine Oil Used as
Coolant”, International Journal for Manufacturing Science and Technology, 11(1), December
2009, pp.11-14, ISBN 1524-1548.
11

Page, T., (2009) ''Feature Creep and Usability in Consumer Electronic Product Design'',
International Journal of Product Development, 9(4), pp 406-428, ISBN 1477-9056.
Rajkumar, M, Asokan, P., Page, T. and Arunachalam, S. “A GRASP Algorithm for the
Integration of Process Planning and Scheduling in a Flexible Job-Shop”, International Journal of Manufacturing Research, 5(2), January 2010, pp.230-251, ISBN 1750-0591.
Page, T. “A Qualitative Performance Measurement Approach to New Product Development”,
I-manager’s journal on management, Nov 2009, 4(2), pp.63-67, ISSN: 0973-5054.
Saxena, A., Ganesh, K. and Page, T. “Partially Centralised Decisions and Information
Synchronisation in Supply Chain”, International Journal of Enterprise Network Management,
3(3), December 2009, pp.246-267, ISBN 1748-1252.
Page, T. “The Role of Web-Based Simulations in Technology Education”, I-manager’s journal on educational technology, Dec 2009, 6(3), pp. 20-27, ISSN: 0973-0559.
Rajkumar, M., Asokan, P., Anilkumar, N. and Page, T. (2010) “A GRASP algorithm for flexible job-shop scheduling problem with limited resource constraints”, International Journal of Production Research, 49(8), pp. 2409 First published on: 06 May 2010 (iFirst) DOI:
10.1080/00207541003709544.
Rajesh Kannan, A., Pandey, K. S., Shanmugam, S., Narayanasamy, R., Arunachalam, S. and
Page, T. “Deformation Behaviour of Fe-0.8%, C-1.0%, Si-0.8% Cu Sintered P/M Steel
During Powder Preform Coating”, I-manager’s journal on future Engineering and
Technology, April 2010, 5(3), pp.55-62, ISSN: 0973-2632.
Iskanius, P., Page, T. and Anbuudayasankar, S. P. (2010) “The Traditional Industry Sector in the Changing Business Environment – A Case Study of the Finnish Steel Product Industry”
International Journal of Electronic Customer Relationship Management. 4(4) October 2010, pp. 395 – 414, ISSN: 1750-0664. (DOI: 10.1504/IJECRM.2010.036186)
Barua, M. K., Rao, J. S., Anbuudayasankar, S. P. and Page, T. (2010) “Measurement of
Surface Roughness Through RSM: Effect of Coated Carbide Tool on 6061-T4 Aluminium.”
International Journal of Enterprise Network Management. 4(2) December 2010, pp. 136-153,
ISSN 1748-1260. (DOI:10.1504/IJENM.2010.037931)
Page T. “Achieving Manufacturing Excellence by Applying LSSF model- A Lean Six Sigma
Framework”, I-manager’s journal on future Engineering and Technology. Oct 2010. Vol. 6,
No. 1, pp. 51-64, ISSN: 0973-2632.
Sambath, S., Nagaraj, P., Selvakumar, N., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T. “Automatic
Detection of Defects in Ultrasonic Testing Using Artificial Neural Network”, International
Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties (IJMMP) Dec 2010. Vol. 5, No. 6, pp.
561-574, ISSN: 1741-8410. (DOI: 10.1504/IJMMP.2010.038155)
Pikka, V., Iskanius, P. and Page, T. (2011) “The Business Enabling Network – A Tool for
Regional Development”, International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development
(IJIRD), May 2011, Vol. 3, No. 3 / 4, pp. 324-344 ISSN: 1753-0660.
12

Paul, S.S., Maiya, A., Resmi, A. T. and Page, T. (2011) “Antecedents of Work Related
Muscoskeletal Disorders in Software Professionals”. International Journal of Enterprise
Network Management, (IJENM), August 2011, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 247-260, ISSN 1748-1252.
Page, T., (2011) ''Interaction and usability considerations in the design of mobile phones'',
Journal of Design Research, 9(3), September 2011, pp.281-300, ISSN 1748-3050.
Page, T. (2011) “Prospects for the Design of Electronic Products in Second Life”, Journal of
Studies in Informatics and Control, Vol. 20, No. 3, September 2011, pp. 293-303, ISSN
1220-1766.
Sezhiyan, D. M., Page, T. and Iskanius, P. (2011) “The impact of supply effort management, logistics capability, and supply chain management strategies on firm performance”,
International Journal of Electronic Transport, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 26-44, (October 2011), ISSN
1742-6960.
Ganesh, K., Anbuudayasankar. S. P., Barua, M. K., Page, T. (2011) “Empirical,
Experimental, Exploratory and Analytical Research for the Smarter Supply Chain – Service and Manufacturing Industry, International Journal of Value Chain Management, Vol. 5,
No.3/4, pp. 171-174, (October 2011), ISSN 1741-5365.
Padmanabhan S., Srinivasa-Raman; V., Asokan, P.; Arunachalam, S and Page, T. (2011)
“Design Optimisation of Bevel Gear Pair”. International Journal of Design Engineering, Vol.
4, No. 4, pp. 364
– 393, (December 2011), ISSN 1751-5874. DOI:
10.1504/IJDE.2011.048133.
Suresh, S., Chandrasekar, M., Selvakumar, P. and Page, T. (2012) “Experimental Studies on
Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Characteristics of AL203/Water Nanofluid under Laminar
Flow with Spiraled Rod Inserts”, International Journal of Nanoparticles (IJNP), Vol. 5, No.1, pp. 37-55, (February 2012), ISSN 1753-2507.
Page, T., (2013) Usability of Text Input Interfaces in Smartphones'', Journal of Design
Research, 11(1), January 2013, pp.39-56, ISSN 1748-3050.
Page, T (2013) Integrating Mobile Device Applications into Designers' Workflow, Studies in
Informatics and Control, 22(2), pp.195-204, ISSN: 1220-1766.
Page, T (2013) Use of Mobile Device Apps in Product Design, International Journal of Green
Computing, 4(1), pp.18-34, ISSN: 1948-5018. DOI: 10.4018/jgc.2013010102.
Page, T (2013) Smartphone Technology, Consumer Attachment and Mass Customisation,
International Journal of Green Computing, 4(2), pp.38-57, ISSN: 1948-5018. DOI:
10.4018/jgc.2013070104.
Page, T (2014) Application Based Mobile Devices in Design Education, International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, 8(2), pp.96-111, DOI: 10.1504/IJMLO.2014.062347.
Page, T (2014) Skeuomorphism or Flat Design: Future Directions in Mobile Device User
Interface (UI) Design Education, International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation,
8(2), pp.130-142, DOI: 10.1504/IJMLO.2014.062350.
13

Page, T (2014) Touchscreen Mobile Devices and Older Adults: A Usability Study,
International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics , 3(1), pp.65-85, DOI:
10.1504/IJHFE.2014.062550.
Karthikeyan, S, Asokan, P, Nickolas, S, Page, T (2014) A hybrid discrete firefly algorithm for solving multi-objective flexible job shop scheduling problems, International Journal of
Bio-Inspired Computation , 6(4), pp.1-18.lboro tom page
Page, T (2014) Notions of Innovation in Healthcare Services and Products, International
Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 8(3), pp.217-231, ISSN: 1740-8822.
Page, T (2014) Product attachment and replacement: implications for sustainable design,
International Journal of Sustainable Design, 2(3), pp.256-282.
Page, T (2014) Skeuomorphism or Flat Design: Future Directions in Mobile Device User
Interface (UI) Design Education, International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation,
8(2), pp.130-142, DOI: 10.1504/IJMLO.2014.062350.
Page, T. (2009) “Disruptive Innovation – A Strategy for New Product Development?”,
Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8383-3135-5.
Page, T. (2010) “Prospects for Microgeneration: Energy use, the environment and the wider community”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8383-0517-2.
Page, T. (2010) “A Methodology for Decision-Support in Electronic Product Design”
Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8383-8246-3.
Page, T. (2010) “Carbon Emission in Domestic Energy Use” Lambert Academic Publishing,
ISBN: 978-3-8433-5863-7.
Page, T., Ichimura, M. and Arunachalam, S., (2011) “A Novel Workforce Training Model for
Lean Manufacturing: Training to be Lean” Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-
8433-7886-4.
Page, T. (2011) “Can High Tech Swimwear Help You Swim Faster?” Lambert Academic
Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8433-9128-3.
Page, T. (2011) “A Growth Model in the Use of LEDs in Commercial Lighting Design”
Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8443-0783-2.
Page, T. (2011) “Emotive Design Methods in Product Branding: Brand and Emotion and their Relationship with Product Design” Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8443-
1067-2.
Arunachalam, S. and Page T. (2011) “An Application of Data Mining Techniques in Data
Warehousing: A Case-Based Approach”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8433-
8037-9.
Arunachalam, S. and Page T. (2011) “Development of a Compressor Circuit for an
Automatic Sound Desk”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978- 3-8433-8567-1.
Page, T. (2011) “Influence of Social Networking in Electronic Product Design” Lambert
Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-1590-7.
14

Page, T. (2011) “Brand Identity in Consumer-driven Electronic Product markets” Lambert
Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-2238-7.
Page, T. (2011) “Design for Additive Manufacturing” Lambert Academic Publishing”,
Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8473-2294-8.
Page, T. (2011) “Radio Frequency Identification in Electronic Product Design”, Lambert
Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-9331-8.
Page, T. (2011) “Sustainable Product Development or Marketing Hype?”, Lambert Academic
Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8433-6637-3.
Page, T. (2011) “Brand Innovation in FMCG”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-
8443-1611-7.
Page, T. (2011) “Electronic Product Design of Home Entertainment Systems: A Study of
Consumer issues in Electronic Product Design”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-
3-8465-3789-3.
Page, T. (2011) “Social Networking Technologies and Their Implications for Commerce”,
Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-4573-7.
Page, T. (2012) “Sci Fi and Electronic Product Design: Futurism in Design”, Lambert
Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-9656-2.
Page, T. (2012) “The Challenges of Sustainable Product Design: Studies in Electronic
Products”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8473-7122-9.
Page, T. (2012) “Electronic Product Design of Sports Equipment: Proliferation of
Technology in Sport”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-8524-5.
Page, T. (2012) “Light Emitting Diode (LED) Technology in Industrial Lighting Design: A
Study of Lighting Design”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8433-6073-9.
Page, T. (2012) “The Influence of Mobile Devices and Apps on Product Design: Design
Tools on the Move”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-11120-4.
Page, T. (2012) “Sustainability in the Design of Electronic Consumer-Based Products:
Models and materials”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8484-0280-9.
Page, T. (2012) “Mobile Apps as Design Practice Tools in Education and Practice: Electronic
Product Design”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-11733-6.
Page, T. (2012) “Healthcare Innovations: Service and Product Design”, Lambert Academic
Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-12465-5.
Page, T. (2012) “Technology of Car Crime Prevention: Evaluation of Anti-Theft Devices”,
Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-5344-2.
Page, T. (2012) “Intellectual Property and Business Competitiveness”, Lambert Academic
Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-15569-7.
Page, T. (2012) “Developing Technologies in Mobile Applications”, Lambert Academic
Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-15757-8.
15

Page, T. (2012) “Battery Technology in the Development of Power Tools”, Lambert
Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-16369-2.
Page, T. (2012) “A Study of Smartphone Text Input Methods”, Lambert Academic
Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-16826-0.
Page, T. (2012) “Scientific and Technological Diffusion in Engineering Design: Technology
Transfer and New Futures”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-17429-2.
Page, T. (2012) “A Usability Study of Automotive Control Screen Displays”, Lambert
Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-9722-4.
Page, T., ''Transmission End Beep Tone'', Radio Communication, 72(1), 1996, pp 42-43,
ISSN 0033-7803.
Page, T., ''Automatic Tape Switch'', Radio Communication, 72(7), 1996, pp 35-36, ISSN
0033-7803.
Page, T. and Milburn, R., ''Causes of Misregistration in Multilayer PCBs during Prepreg
Bonding'', Electronics Manufacturing Engineering: Society of Manufacturing Engineers,
Dearborn, MI, USA, 181, 2004, pp 12-18.
Ganesh, K., Nagarajan, S., Malairajan, R.A., and Page, T. “Special Issue on Heuristics and
Meta-Heuristics for Integrated Supply Chain Optimization Problems”. International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management, 6(2), pp.iv-viii, April-June 2013.
Page, T. and Gilliatt, J., ''An Approach to the Assessment of Engineering Design Activity as
Practiced in the UK'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology, Proceedings of the 7th
National Conference on Production Research, Hatfield, UK, 1991, pp 162-166, ISBN 0-
900458-46-1.
Page, T. and Parkinson, B., ''Functional Design'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology
VII, Proceedings of the 9th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of
Bath, UK, 1993, pp 1-5, ISBN 1-85790-005-7.
Page, T., ''Concurrent Engineering: Implications for a New Material Supplier/Customer
Relationship'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology VII, Proceedings of the 9th National
Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of Bath, UK, 1993, pp 1-5, ISBN 1-
85790-005-7.
Page, T., ''Concurrent Engineering: Simultaneous Design and Manufacture'', Advances in
Manufacturing Technology VII, Proceedings of the 9th National Conference on
Manufacturing Research, University of Bath, UK, 1993, pp 1-5, ISBN 1-85790-005-7.
Page, T. and Parkinson, B., ''Concurrent Engineering: An Educational Perspective'',
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Concurrent Engineering & Electronic
Design Automation, Poole, UK, 1994, pp 208-212, ISBN 1-56555-074-9.
Page, T. and Beamish, J.C., ''A Knowledge-Based Tool for Conducting Design for
Manufacture in a Surface Mount Technology Environment'', Advances in Manufacturing
Technology IX, Proceedings of the 11th National Conference on Manufacturing Research,
De Montfort University, UK, 1995, pp 125-129, ISBN 0-7484-0400-7.
16

Page, T., Loke, S. and Arunachalam, S., ''The Integration of a Knowledge-Based System and a Gantt Chart Scheduling Application for Solving the Machine Shop Scheduling Problem'',
Advances in Manufacturing Technology XII, Proceedings of the 14th National Conference on
Manufacturing Research, University of Derby, UK, 1998, pp 727-732, ISBN 1-86058-172-2.
Page, T., ''Implementation of Sample Design Rules in a Commercially Used PCB Design
Application'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XIV, Proceedings of the 16th National
Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of East London, UK, 2000, pp 125-129,
ISBN 1-86058-267-2.
Page, T., ''A Knowledge-Based Methodology for Guidelines and Rules in the Design for
Assembly of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XIV,
Proceedings of the 16th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of East
London, UK, 2000, pp 131-135, ISBN 1-86058-267-2.
Page, T., ''A Declarative Representation of Component Selection Guidelines and the Rules in the Design for Assembly of Printed Circuit Boards'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology
XIV, Proceedings of the 16th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of
East London, UK, 2000, pp 137-141, ISBN 1-86058-267-2.
Page, T., ''A Review of Information Requirements for Conducting Design for Assembly in
Surface Mount Technology'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XiV, Proceedings of the 16th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of East London, UK,
2000, pp 215-219, ISBN 1-86058-267-2.
Page, T. and Milburn, R., ''Causes of Misregistration in Multi-layer Printed Circuit boards during Prepreg bonding'', Knowledge driven manufacturing, CIT Press, Cork Ireland, The
20th International Manufacturing Conference IMC20, Cork Institute of Technology, 2003, pp
274-279, ISBN 0 9545736 0 9.
Page, T., ''Knowledge-Based Computer-Aided Process Planning Approaches in Electronics
Manufacturing'', Knowledge Driven Manufacturing, CIT Press, Cork Ireland, The 20th
International Manufacturing Conference IMC20, Cork Institute of Technology, 2003, pp 296-
301, ISBN 0 9545736 0 9.
Page, T., Koliza, V., Pearce, D. and Khoudian, P., ''Soft Systems Methodology applied in the
New Product Introduction (NPI) Process'', Knowledge Driven Manufacturing, CIT Press,
Cork, Ireland, The 20th International Manufacturing Conference, IMC20, Cork Institute of
Technology, 2003, pp 575-581, ISBN 0 9545736 0 9.
Page, T., Koliza, V., Pearce, D. and Khoudian, P., ''Formulation of a calculation for identifying actual and potential costs incurred by delays in the New Product Introduction
Process'', Proceedings of the 19th National Conference on Manufacturing Research,
Professional Engineering Publishing, 19th National Conference on Manufacturing Research,
Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 229-234, ISBN 1 86058 412 8.
Page, T., ''Embodiment of fine-pitch design for manufacturing guidelines and rules in printed circuit board (PCB) design software'', Proceedings of the 19th National Conference on
17

Manufacturing Research, Professional Engineering Publishing, 19th National Conference on
Manufacturing Research, Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 259-264, ISBN 1 86058 412 8.
Page, T., ''A case study in the use of internet-based tutorials and a managed learning environment in support of the teaching and learning of CAD/CAM'', Proceedings of the 19th
National Conference on Manufacturing Research, Professional Engineering Publishing, 19th
National Conference on Manufacturing Research, Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 303-308,
ISBN 1 86058412 8.
Page, T., ''Embodiment of fine-pitch design for manufacturing guidelines and rules in printed circuit board (PCB) design software'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XVII,
Professional Engineering Publishing, First International Conference on Manufacturing
Research, Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 259-264, ISBN 1 86058 412 8.
Page, T., ''A case study in the use of internet-based tutorials and a managed learning environment in support of the teaching and learning of CAD/CAM'', Advances in
Manufacturing Technology XVII, Professional Engineering Publishing, First International
Conference on Manufacturing Research, Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 303-308, ISBN 1
86058 412 8.
Page, T., Koliza, V., Pearce, D. and Khoudian, P., ''Formulation of a calculation for identifying actual and potential costs caused by delays in the new product introduction process'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XVII, Professional Engineering
Publishing, First International Conference on Manufacturing Research, Strathcylde
University, 2003, pp 229-234, ISBN 1 86058 412 8.
Page, T. and Lehtonen, M., ''Internet-based Tutorials and a Managed Learning Environment in Teaching Microcontroller Interfacing'', Proceedings of the TEKA/FATE Symposium on
Technology Education 2004, Kananoja, T. (ed), TEKA/FATE Symposium, Turku, Finland,
2004, pp 201-207, ISBN 951-634-884-8.
Page, T. and Lehtonen, M., ''Internet-based Tutorials and a Managed Learning Environment in Teaching Microcontroller Interfacing'', Technology Education and Educational
Technology and Training Practices 2004, Kananojo, T. (ed), TEKA/FATE Symposium,
Turku, Finland, 2004, pp 313-319, ISSN 1459-6830.
Clegg, B. and Page, T., ''The Commercial-Financial Perspective of the Extended Enterprise
Matrix'', 10th International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising, Escuela Superior de
Ingenieros, Seville, Spain, 2004, Poster Presentation.
Koliza, V., Pearce, D., Khoudian, P., O'Sullivan, J. and Page, T., ''Performance Measurement of the New Product Introduction'', Proceedings of the 20th National Conference on
Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 294-298.
Koliza, V., Pearce, D., Khoudian, P., O'Sullivan, J. and Page, T., ''Performance Measurement of the New Product Introduction Process'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology,
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Manufacturing Research, Sheffield
Hallam University, 2004, pp 294-298, ISBN 1 84387 088 6.
18

Page, T., ''An Application of Internet-Based Tutorials and a Managed Learning Environment in Support of Microcontroller Interfacing'', Proceedings of the 20th National Conference on
Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 459-464.
Page, T., ''An Application of Internet-Based Tutorials and a Managed Learning Environment in Support of Teaching and Learning in Microcontroller Interfacing'', Advances in
Manufacturing Technology, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on
Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 459-464, ISBN 1 84387 088
6.
Page, T., ''An Analysis of Registration Errors in High Density Interconnects Caused During
Bonding of Multi-Layer Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)'', Proceedings of the 20th National
Conference on Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 67-72.
Page, T., ''An Analysis of Registration Errors in High Density Interconnects Caused during
Bonding of Multi-layer Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)'', Advances in Manufacturing
Technology, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Manufacturing Research,
Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 67-72, ISBN 1 84387 088 6.
Koliza, V., Pearce, D., Khoudian, P., O'Sullivan, J. and Page, T., ''Qualitative Analysis of the
New Product Introduction (NPI) related Issues'', Proceedings of the 21st International
Manufacturing Conference IMC21, University of Limerick, 2004, pp 27-32, ISBN 1 8746537
7 1.
Page, T., ''Embodiment of Fine-Pitch Design Rules in a PCB Design Application'',
Proceedings of the 21st International Manufacturing Conference IMC21, University of
Limerick, 2004, pp 553-558, ISBN 1 8746537 7 1.
Iskanius, P., Page, T. and Haapasalo, H., ''Moving Toward an Agile Supply Chain - A Case
Study from a Traditional Industry Sector'', ICAM 2005 International Conference on Agile
Manufacturing 2005 Proceedings, International Society of Agile Manufacturing (ISAM),
ICAM 2005, Helsinki University of Technology, 2005, pp 179-188.
Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''Development Road Map towards e-business - A Case Study'',
Proceedings of the 22nd International Manufacturing Conference IMC22, Vickery, J. (ed),
22nd International Manufacturing Conference, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Ireland,
2005, pp 493-500, ISBN 0-9551218.
Koliza, V., Khoudion, P., Pearce, O., O'Sullivan, J. and Page, T., ''A Sensitivity Analysis on
Organisations with Different Characteristics of New Product Introduction and Time To
Market Variations'', Proceedings of the 22nd International Manufacturing Conference - IMC
22, Vickery, John (ed), 22nd International Manufacturing Conference IMC22, Tallaght,
Ireland, 2005, pp 613-618, ISBN 0-9551218-0-9.
Page, T., ''A Learner Centred Evaluation of Hypermedia-based Learning Resources in
Blended Learning in Microcontroller Product Design'', Proceedings of DATA International
Research Conference 2005, Norman, E.W.L., Spendlove, D. and Grover, P. (eds), Design and
Technology Association, Inspire and Educate, DATA International Research Conference
2005, Sheffield Hallam University, July 2005, pp 147-151, ISBN 1-898788-75-8.
19

Page, T., ''A Hypermedia-based Learning Environment in Support of Blended Learning in
Electronic Product Design'', Proceedings of the third International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education EPD05, Engineering and Product Design Education 2005,
Napier University, Edinburgh, September 2005, pp 497-502.
Valiusaityte, I., Rajabally, E., and Page, T., ‘Mathematical Means for Assessing Military
Aircraft Performance as Applied to Training Effectiveness’, Proceedings of Simulations
Interoperability Standards Organisation (SISO): Simulation Interoperability Workshop Fall
2008, Paper ref: 08F-SIW-013, (TRAIN Forum), Orlando, Florida, USA, September 2008, pp. 771-781.
Page, T., ''Development of a Database for the Analysis of Non-Linear Materials within a
Finite Element Modelling Package'', Non-Linear Applications in Finite Element Analysis,
Institute of Mechanical Engineers, London, 2001, pp1-5.
Page, T., ''Design for Assembly Constraints in Surface Mount Technology'', October 2004, pp
1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:
TP04PUB295.
Page, T., ''Knowledge-Based Support for the Provision of Design for Assembly Guidelines and Rules in Electronics Manufacturing'', October 2004, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB296.
Page, T., ''Development and Integration of a Non-Linear Materials Database for Finite
Element Analysis (FEA)'', October 2004, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,
Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB297.
Page, T., ''Representation of Component Selection Rules for Design for Assembly of Printed
Circuit Boards'', October 2004, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,
USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB298.
Page, T., ''A Review of Knowledge-Based Computer-Aided Process Planning Approaches in
Electronics Manufacturing'', October 2004, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,
Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB293.
Koliza, V., Page, T. and Pearce, D., ''Classification of Actual & Potential Cost Formulae
Caused by Delays in the New Product Development (NPD) Process'', October 2004, pp 1-8,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB303.
Page, T., ''Thick Film Microelectronic Packaging Technology'', October 2004, pp 1-8,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB341.
Page, T., ''A Demonstration of the Implementation of Fine Pitch Design Rules in a PCB
Design Application'', October 2004, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn,
MI,USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB294.
Pearce, D., Khoudian, P., Page, T. and Koliza, V., ''Application of the Soft Systems
Methodology in the New Product Development (NPD) Process'', October 2004, pp 1-9,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB301.
20

Haapasalo, H., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''Order Delivery Process in Manufacturing Network
Deploying Manufacturing Philosophies in the Steel Product Industry'', November 2004, pp 1-
10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:
TP04PUB319.
Haapasalo, H., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''The Development of a Design and Manufacturing
Collaboration Agreement'', November 2004, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,
Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB322.
Alaruikka, A.M., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''Data Translations in Information Flow in a
Finnish Steel Product Industry Network'', November 2004, pp 1-15, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB318.
Iskanius, P., Page, T. and Pikka, V., ''The Influence that the Focal Company has over its
Supply Network - A Case Study in Steel Product Design & Manufacture'', November 2004, pp 1-16, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:
TP04PUB321.
Iskanius, P., Uusipaavalniemi, S. and Page, T., ''Steel Product Design & Manufacturing - A
Case Study in Agility'', November 2004, pp 1-18, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,
Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB316.
Iskanius, P., Uusipaavalniemi, S. and Page, T., ''The Development of a Collaborative Venture in an Agile Supply Chain - A Case Study in Steel Product Design'', November 2004, pp 1-20,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04 PUB317.
Budan, A,, Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''The Use of a Simulated Annealing Algorithm for
Design Optimization of Steel and Composite Leaf Springs'', November 2004, pp 1-28,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB313.
Clegg, B. and Page, T., ''The Use of the Extended Enterprise Matrix to Derive Costs in
Product Development'', November 2004, pp 1-6, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,
Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB339.
Arunachalam, S., Sankaranarayanaswamy, K., Page, T. and Dhanalakshmi, V., ''Optimal Part
Family Formation Using a Realistic Fuzzy Set Theoretic Approach in Cellular
Manufacturing'', November 2004, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn,
MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP03PUB314.
Sankaranarayanaswamy, K., Arunachalam, S., Page, T. and Dhanalakshmi, V., ''Automatic
Evaluation of alternate Tool Access Directions (TADs) using STEP for Minimal Set-up
Changes'', November 2004, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,
USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB315.
Koliza, V., Khoudian, P., Pearce, D., Page, T. and O'Sullivan, J., ''Monitoring of Performance in the New Product Development (NPD) Process: Qualitative Analysis of Benchmarks'',
November 2004, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical
Paper: TP04PUB320.
21

Page, T., ''Supply Chain Management - A Review of Integrated Design & Manufacture'',
November 2004, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical
Paper: TP04PUB324.
Page, T., ''A Case Study in the Implementation of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
System'', November 2004, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper: TP04PUB325.
Page, T., ''A Discussion of Quality Management Systems Implementation - A European
Context'', November 2004, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper: TP04PUB326.
Page, T., ''Modern Photoplotting Formats'', November 2004, pp 1-9, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB340.
Page, T., ''A Specification for Design for Assembly Support in Surface Mount Technology
Utilizing a Knowledge-Based System'', December 2004, pp 1-25, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB359.
Page, T., ''The Design of a Manifold Tract Component Through the Analysis of Solid-Fluid
Interaction Using F.E.A.'', December 2004, pp 1-29, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,
Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB360.
Page, T., ''A Description of the Design, Fabrication and Assembly of Printed Circuit Boards
(PCBs) Using Surface Mount Technology (SMT) & Plated Through Hole (PTH)
Technology'', December 2004, pp 1-45, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,
USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB357.
Page, T., ''Design Guidelines and Rules for Effective Yield in Manufacturing & Assembly of
Printed Circuit Boards Utilizing Surface Mount Technology'', December 2004, pp 1-45,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB358.
Page, T., ''An Appraisal of Database Technologies in Support of Manufacturing Operation
Decision Making'', 2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper TP05PUB155.
Mohanasumdaram, K., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''An Application of Performance
Measurement in an Assembly Job Shop Environment - A Case Study'', 2005, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB33.
Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Criteria for Successful Implementation of Decision Support
Systems'', February 2005, pp 1-10, Socieity of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,
USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB19.
Page, T., ''Implementation Issues in Data Warehousing'', February 2005, pp 1-12, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB14.
Page, T., ''A Classification of Data Mining Techniques'', February 2005, pp 1-12, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB16.
22

Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Engineering Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms'',
February 2005, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical
Paper: TP05PUB18.
Page, T., ''The Use of Topological Optimization Within a Finite Element Package for the
Design of a Structural Component'', February 2005, pp 1-13, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB9.
Page, T., ''Design of a Bracket Fixture for Vibrational Analysis of a Fluid-Filled Manifold
Tract Utilizing Modal Analysis in FEA'', February 2005, pp 1-14, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB8.
Senthil, P., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''A Novel Algorithm for Parallel Machine
Scheduling'', February 2005, pp 1-17, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,
USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB12.
Page, T., ''Engineering Design Methods - A Review and Classification of Sources'', February
2005, pp 1-24, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:
TP05PUB13.
Page, T., ''A Demonstration of the Decision Support System Utilized in Support in the Design for Assembly of Printed Circuit Boards'', February 2005, pp 1-27, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB6.
Sundararaj, G., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''A Review of Experimental Techniques
Applied in Cryogenic Treatment of Cutting Tols and Metals'', February 2005, pp 1-35,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB11.
Page, T., ''A Representation of Design Guidelines and Rules in Electronic Design for
Manufacturing Utilizing Knowledge Representation Schema'', February 2005, pp 1-57,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB5.
Arunachalam, S., Loke, S. and Page, T., ''Solving the Machine Shop Scheduling Problem
Through the Integration of a Knowledge-based System and a Gantt Chart Scheduling
Application'', February 2005, pp 1-6, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,
USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB10.
Page, T., ''An Introduction to Multi-Agent Systems'', February 2005, pp 1-8, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB17.
Miller, J. and Page, T., ''Optimization Formulae for Multi-Station Assembly Systems'',
February 2005, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical
Paper: TP05PUB15.
Brown, C.C., MacNair Smith, H., Miller, J. and Page, T., ''The Design and Development of a
Robotic Assembly System for Consumer Products Assisted by Voice Control'', March 2005, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper
TP05PUB32.
23

Page, T., ''Conversion of Analogue Signals to Digital Signals for Input to Microcontroller
Devices'', June 2005, pp 1-10, Socieity of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper TP05PUB91.
Sankaranarayanasamy, K., Arunachalam, S., Page, T. and Dhanalakshmi, V., ''A Novel
Approach to Part Family Formation in Cellular Manufacturing Using Fuzzy Analysis in
CAD/CAM'', June 2005, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper TP05PUB67.
Page, T., ''Approaches to the Design of Digital Systems Using Very Large Scale Integration
(VLSI) CAD'', June 2005, pp 1-16, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper TP05PUB90.
Page, T., ''Activity-Based Costing (ABC) - A Guide to Implementation and Use for
Manufacturing Engineering Operations'', June 2005, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB68.
Page, T., ''The Modeling of Three-Dimensional Assemblies in CAD'', June 2005, pp 1-7,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB70.
Page, T., ''Decision Making for Capacity Planning'', June 2005, pp 1-8, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB92.
Page, T., ''A Methodology for the Rationalization of Investment in Advanced Manufacturing
Technology'', June 2005, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper TP05PUB66.
Page, T., ''The Formulation of a Product Design Specification (PDS) with Emphasis on
Design for Assembly'', August 2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,
Dearborn, MI. USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB173.
Page, T., ''Enabling Technologies for Effective Management of Product Development in the
21st Century'', August 2005, pp 1-19, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,
USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB132.
Page, T., ''Material Removal Through Drilling & Hole Making Processes'', August 2005, pp
1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper
TP05PUB193.
Page, T., ''The Modelling of Curve Entities in 3D CAD'', August 2005, pp 1-8, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB154.
Page, T., ''Graphical Aides and Tools for the Implementation of Continuous Improvement'',
August 2005, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical
Paper TP05PUB156.
Page, T., ''Design and Analysis Software Applications for Engineering Design and
Manufacture'', August 2005, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn,
MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB194.
24

Page, T., ''The Use of Manufacturing Information Systems in Support of E-Commerce
Activities'', October 2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn,
MI, USA.
Page, T., ''An Account of the Use of DFA/DFM Tools in Modern Manufacturing
Enterprises'', October 2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn,
MI, USA, Technical Paper (TP05PUB214).
Page, T., ''Where is the Future for Networking and Data Communication Technologies'',
October 2005, pp 1-17, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper (TP05PUB220).
Page, T., ''A Strategy for Globalized Manufacturing Operations'', October 2005, pp 1-6,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper
(TP05PUB215).
Page, T., ''Strategies for the Location of Multi-Plant Networks'', October 2005, pp 1-6,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper
(TP05PUB217).
Page, T., ''To provide for Process Variability Through the Specification of Tolerances in
Modern 3D CAD'', October 2005, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME),
Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper (TP05PUB212).
Page, T., ''A Consideration of Manufacturing Issues in the Strategic Management of
Operations'', October 2005, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn,
MI, USA.
Page, T., ''Technologies for Automation in Manufacturing'', October 2005, pp 1-8, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper (TP05PUB218).
Page, T., ''Embedded Microprocessor Product Design'', October 2005, pp 1-9, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper (TP05PUB219).
Page, T., ''Combinational Circuit Design Using Discrete Bistable Devices'', December 2005, pp 1-6, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper:
TP05PUB254.
Pearce, D., O'Sullivan, J., Khoudian, P., Page, T. and Koliza, V., ''An Application of
Sensitivity Analysis on New Product Development Projects with Time to Market Variations'',
December 2005, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA,
Technical Paper: TP05PUB248.
Pearce, D., O'Sullivan, J., Khoudian, P., Page, T. and Koliza, V., ''New Product Introduction and Time to Market with Emphasis on Business Profitability - A Survey'', December 2005, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper:
TP05PUB249.
Page, T., ''Implementation Issues in Quality Systems'', 2006, pp1-7, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP06PUB120).
25

Page, T., ''The Abstraction of Manufacturing Features from Surface Models in CAD'', March
2006, pp 1-11, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical
Paper TP06PUB6.
Page, T., ''Geometric Modelling and Representation of Curve and Surface Operations in 3D
CAD'', March 2006, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi,
USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB13.
Page, T., ''A Collaborative Design Methodology for the Design of Embedded Control
Systems'', March 2006, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi,
USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB14.
Page, T., ''A Direct Translation Technique for Transferring Data Between Electronic and
Mechanical CAD Systems'', March 2006, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers
(SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB5.
Page, T., ''Algorithms for Collision Avoidance in Machine Tool Path Verification'', March
2006, pp 1-13, Society of Manufacturing Engineers SME, Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical
Paper TP06PUB9.
Page, T., ''Traditional Industry Competition - Development of an Agile Supply Chain'', March
2006, pp 1-14, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical
Paper TP06PUB7.
Page, T., ''The Application of Geometric Tree Structures in Constructing and Modifying 3-D
Models in CAD'', March 2006, pp 1-15, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME),
Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB4.
Page, T., ''Representation Schemes Used in Geometric Modelling of Solids and Surfaces in
CAD'', March 2006, pp 1-20, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi,
USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB17.
Page, T., ''Pragmatic Considerations in Design for Production'', March 2006, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB12.
Page, T., ''A Group Technology Approach to Computer-Aided Process Planning Systems'',
March 2006, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA,
Technical Paper TP06PUB8.
Page, T., ''Approaches to Focussed Manufacturing'', March 2006, pp 1-8, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB10.
Page, T., ''Enabling Technologies for Effective Computer-Aided Manufacturing'', March
2006, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical
Paper TP06PUB11.
Page, T., ''An Overview of Production Control Systems for Kanban Operation'', March 2006, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper
TP06PUB15.
Page, T., ''Key Features of Lean Production'', March 2006, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB16.
26

Page, T., ''Mechatronic Systems Used in Control'', June 2006, pp 1-10, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB94.
Page, T., ''Introduction to Bezier and NURBS Representation Schemes in Surface
Modelling'', October 2006, pp1-27, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) Dearborn,Mi,
USA., Technical Paper (TP06PUB134).
Baloglu, A., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Re-Engineering the Supply Chain in Internet
Age: A Case Study ABB Turkey'', October 2006, pp1-27, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA., Technical Paper (TP06PUB119).
Page, T., ''Algorithms Used for Routing and Placement in VLSI'', November 2006, pp 1-10,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper
(TP06PUB153).
Page, T., ''Linear Programming Techniques for Floorplanning in VLSI'', November 2006, pp
1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper
(TP06PUB155).
Page, T., ''Programmable Techniques for Transmission Line Optimization in VLSI'',
November 2006, pp 1-5, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA,
Technical Paper (TP06PUB154).
Page, T., ''Non-Slicing Floorplan Representation Used in Linear Programming in VLSI'',
November 2006, pp 1-6, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA,
Technical Paper (TP06PUB156).
Page, T., ''A Justification for Relevance in Performance Measurement Criteria'', November
2006, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical
Paper (TP06PUB152).
Ichimura, M., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Critical Training Requirements for Lean
Manufacturing'', March 2007, pp 1-16, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME),
Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB15).
Kannan, A.R., Pandey, K., Narayanasamy, R., Arunachalam, S., Shanmugan, S. and Page, T.,
''The Performance of Deformation of Fe-0.8%C-1.0%Si-0.8%Cu Sintered Powder Metallurgy
Specimens Throughout Preform Forging '', March 2007, pp 1-21, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB16).
Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''A Case Study in E-Business and Supply Chain Integration'', July
2007, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical
Paper (TP07PUB74).
Page, T., ''Computer Graphics in CAD/CAM'', July 2007, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB77).
Page, T., ''Design Process: A Case Study in Product Improvement'', July 2007, pp 1-10,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper
(TP07PUB78).
27

Page, T., ''Effective Computer-Aided Manufacturing'', July 2007, pp 1-7, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB81).
Page, T., ''Production Levelling and Scheduling'', July 2007, pp 1-8, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB88).
Page, T. ''Assembly modelling in Computer-Aided Engineering'', July 2007, pp 1-6, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB96).
Page, T. ''Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in Operations management'', July 2007, pp 1-6,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper
(TP07PUB97).
Page, T. ''Components of Lean Production'', July 2007, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB98).
Page, T. ''Analogue to Digital Conversion in Embedded Devices'', July 2007, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB99).
Arreymbi, J., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Evaluating the Effects of Radio Frequency identification (RFID) Applications in Manufacturing and Business'', July 2007, pp 1-12,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper
(TP07PUB100).
Page, T. ''Concurrent Engineering in the Era of Mass Customization'', July 2007, pp 1-18,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper
(TP07PUB103).
Page, T. ''VLSI Digital Design Techniques'', July 2007, pp 1-15, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB104).
Page, T., ''Strategic Level Decision-Making in Capacity Planning'', July 2007, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB107).
Page, T., ''The Role of Manufacturing in E-Commerce'', December 2007, pp 1-10, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB205).
Page, T., ''Applications of Design and Analysis'', December 2007, pp 1-9, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB206).
Helaakoski, H., Peltomaa, I., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''A Roadmap towards E-Commerce in the Steel Product Industry'', December 2007, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers
(SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB209).
Helaakoski, H., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''A Computer-Supported Collaborative Tool for
Continuous Improvement'', December 2007, pp 1-14, Society of Manufacturing Engineers
(SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB210).
Page, T., ''Performance Measurement in the Product Design Process'', December 2007, pp 1-
11, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper
(TP07PUB211).
28

Page, T., ''Tolerance Assignment in 3D-CAD'', December 2007, pp 1-7, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB212).
Page, T., ''Quality Measures in Product Design'', December 2007, pp 1-11, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB213).
Helaakoski, H., Peltomaa, I., Kipina, J., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''A Business Model in
Support of Agility in the Steel Industry Sector'', December 2007, pp 1-8, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB214).
Page, T., ''Detailed Routing Design Rules'', December 2007, pp 1-13, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB220).
Page, T (2015) Privacy Issues Surrounding Wearable Technology, Vol.4, No. 3, pp.1-15, imanager's Journal on Information Technology.
Page, T (2015) An Approach to the Management of the Sustainable Issues in Mobile Phone
Design and Manufacturing, pp.12-23, i-manager's Journal on Management Vol. 10, No. 2.
Page, T (2015) Barriers to the Adoption of Wearable Technology, i-manager’s Journal on
Information Technology, Vol. 4, No. 3, June – August 2015.
Page, T (2015) Technological Diffusion of Near Field Communication, i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications & Technologies, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp.1-14, i-manager publications.
Page, T (2015) Smartphone Applications–A Comparative Study Between Older and Younger
Users, i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications & Technologies, Vol. 1, No. 4, November
2014 - January 2015, i-manager publications.
Page, T (2015) A Forecast of the Adoption of Wearable Technology, International Journal of
Technology Diffusion (IJTD), 6(2), pp.12-29, ISSN: 1947-9301. DOI:
10.4018/IJTD.2015040102.
29