Key Words for all Topics

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Key Words –The Restless Earth

• Crust

• Mantle

• Inner Core

• Outer Core

• Plate

• Plate margin/boundary

• Convection Currents

• Oceanic Plate

• Continental Plate

• Constructive plate margin

• Destructive plate margin

• Collision plate margin

• Conservative plate margin

• Subduction

• Ocean Ridge

• Ocean Trench

• Fold Mountains

• Terraces

• Subsistence

• HEP

• Irrigation

• Glacier

• Composite Volcano

• Shield Volcano

• Magma

• Lava

• Natural hazard

• Primary effect

• Secondary effect

• Aid

• Immediate response

• Long-term response

• Earthquake

• Vent

• Lahar

• Pyroclastic Flow

• Ash

• Super volcano

• Seismograph

• Caldera

• Fissures

• geothermal

• Geyser

• Hot Spot

• Earthquake

• Focus

• Epicentre

• Shock Waves

• Mercalli scale

• Richter Scale

• Tsunami

Key Words –Rocks, Resources and

Scenery

• Rock Cycle

• Intrusive

• Extrusive

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

• Sedimentary

• Weathering

• Mechanical Weathering

• Scree

• Chemical Weathering

• Biological Weathering

• Freeze Thaw Weathering

• Pores

• Exfoliation

• Solution

• Carbonation

• Batholith

• Joints

• Impermeable Rock

• Tor

• Mass Movement

• Cliff

• Permeable Rock

• Water Table

• Spring

• Vale

• Permeability

• Porous

• Non Porous

• Water Table

• Scarpe Slope

• Escarpment/Cuesta

• Vales

• Spring Line

• Gorge

• Limestone pavement

• Swallow Hole

• Dry Valley

• Cavern

• Resurgence

• Stalactite

• Stalagmite

• Pillar

• Curtain

• Cement

• Aquifer

• Syncline

• Quarrying

• Aggregate

• Quarry Restoration

• Afforestation

• Fetch

• Swash

• Backwash

• Crest

• Constructive wave

• Destructive wave

• Beach

• Weathering

• Mass movement

• Rockfall

• Mudflow

• Rotational slip

• Landslide

• Erosion

• Hydraulic action/power

• Attrition

• Corrasion

• Abrasion

• Solution

• Saltation

• Traction

• Solution

• Suspension

• Longshore drift

Key Words - Coasts

• Headland

• Bay

• Wave cut platform

• Wave cut notch

• Cave

• Arch

• Stack

• Stump

• Parallel

• Perpendicular

• Spits

• Bars

• SMP (shoreline management plan)

• Hard Engineering

• Soft Engineering

• Sea wall

• Groynes

• Gabions

• Rock Armour/Rip Rap

• Beach Nourishment

• Dune Stabilisation/Regeneration

• Marsh Creation

• Managed Retreat

• Salt marsh

• Vegetation Succession

• SSSI

Key Words – Tourism

• Ecotourism

• Adventure Tourism

• Exploration

• Involvement

• Extreme Tourism

• City Breaks

• Terrorism

• External Factors

• Infrastructure

• Foreign Exchange Rate

• Social Factors/Impacts

• Economic Factors/Impacts

• Environmental Factors /Impacts

• Advantage

• Disadvantage

• Management (Of Tourism)

• Coping (With tourism)

• Package Holiday

• All inclusive

• Mass Tourism

• An Attraction

• Butler Tourist Model

• Development

• Consolidation

• Stagnation

• Decline

• Rejuvenation

• National Parks

• Farm Diversification

• Footpath Erosion

• Honey Pot Site

• Congestion

• Park and Ride

• Stewardship

• Conservation

• Sustainable Development

• Sustainability

– Social

– Economic

– Environmental

Key Words – Development Gap

• North/South Divide

• The Brandt Line

• LDC

• LEDC

• NIC

• MEDC

• Five Fold Division of Wealth

• Landlocked

• Corrupt Government

• Development Indicator

• Infant Mortality

• GNP

• GDP

• HDI

• Literacy rate

• Death Rate

• Birth Rate

• PQLI

• Quality of Life

• Standard of Living

• Physical Factor

• Economic Factor

• Environmental factor

• Social factor

• Aid

• Loan

• Debt relief/abolition

• Fair trade

• Short term aid

• Long term aid

• Donor country

• Receiving country

• Bilateral aid

• Multilateral aid

• Emergency Aid

• NGO

• Top down aid

• Bottom up aid

• Sustainable development

• Economic Periphery

• Economic Core

• CAP

• Urban II Fund

• European Investment Bank

• Structural funds

Key Words –Changing Urban Environments

• Urbanisation

• Rural-urban migration

• Push factor

• Pull factor

• Land Use

• Function

• CBD

• Inner City

• Outer City / suburbs

• Redevelopment

• Gentrification

• Household

• Brownfield Site

• Greenfield Site

• Urban Development Corp (UDCs)

• City Challenge

• Regeneration

• Quality of Life

• Standard of living

• Park and Ride Scheme

• Retirement

• Congestion

• Bus lane

• Car share

• Favelas / shanty towns / squatter settlements

• Informal sector

• Self – Help Scheme

• Site and Service Scheme

• Industrialisation

• Disposal of waste

• Landfill

• Recycling

• Air pollution

• TNCs

• Water pollution

• Sustainable City

• Zero carbon

• Carbon Neutral

• Green Belt

• Urban Sprawl

• Sustainability

– Economic

Environmental

Social

• Incineration

• Public transport

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