MSE602
ENGINEERING INNOVATION MANAGEMENT
TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION PROCESSES
APPROACHES TO INNOVATION CONCEPTS
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
PRODUCT-ORIENTED CONVERSION PROCESS
(pre-WW II, per Twiss)
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
TECHNOLOGY/MARKET-ORIENTED CONVERSION PROCESS
(post-WW II, per Twiss)
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
THREE-PHASE PROCESS
(by early 1980s, per Walcoff)
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
COUPLING PROCESS
(by early 1980s, per Rothwell)
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
INTEGRATIVE PROCESS
(late 1980s, per Kamm)
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
INTEGRATIVE PARALLEL PROCESS
(late 1980s, per Graves)
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
INTEGRATIVE SYSTEM PROCESS
(early 1990s, per Bursic & Cleland)
TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION PROCESSES
APPROACHES TO INNOVATION CONCEPTS
APPROACHES TO INNOVATION
CONCEPTS
SYSTEMATIC INNOVATION
(Drucker)
“… systematic innovation … consist of the
purposeful and organized search for changes,
and in the systematic analysis of the opportunities
such changes might offer …”
APPROACHES TO INNOVATION
CONCEPTS
SOURCES OF INNOVATIVE OPPORTUNITY
(Drucker–1)
1) The unexpected
2) Incongruity
3) Process need
4) Industry/market structure
5) Demographics
6) Perception
7) New knowledge
APPROACHES TO INNOVATION
CONCEPTS
SOURCES OF INNOVATIVE OPPORTUNITY
(Drucker–2)
1) THE UNEXPECTED
The product, process, etc. for which there were no great
expectations yet it did very well; the product process, etc. for
which there was every reason to expect success yet it failed; an
unanticipated market opens up.
2) INCONGRUITY
When demand grows steadily but profitability does not; some
portion of a process that seems awkward; when producers,
suppliers, etc. have arrogant beliefs about what is needed or
wanted.
APPROACHES TO INNOVATION
CONCEPTS
SOURCES OF INNOVATIVE OPPORTUNITY
(Drucker–3)
3) PROCESS NEED
Task-focused; perfecting a process that already exist, replacing a
link that is weak, redesigning a process around new knowledge,
making possible a process by supplying the missing link.
4) INDUSTRY/MARKET STRUCTURE
Rapid growth of an industry; viability of the traditional market
definition and segmentation; convergence of technologies; the
way business is done is changing rapidly.
APPROACHES TO INNOVATION
CONCEPTS
SOURCES OF INNOVATIVE OPPORTUNITY
(Drucker–4)
5) DEMOGRAPHICS
Changes in the population; its size, composition, employment,
educational status, age structure, income, etc.
6) PERCEPTION
When a change in perception takes place, the facts do not change,
but their meaning does.
APPROACHES TO INNOVATION
CONCEPTS
SOURCES OF INNOVATIVE OPPORTUNITY
(Drucker–5a)
7) NEW KNOWLEDGE
The “super-star” of entrepreneurship and innovation; the
knowledge is not necessarily scientific or technical; amongst
history-making innovations, knowledge-based innovations rank
high.
CHARACTERISTICS OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED INNOVATIONS
(1) The longest lead time of all innovations (e.g., 25-30 years)
(2) Almost always based on the convergence of several different kinds of
knowledge
APPROACHES TO INNOVATION
CONCEPTS
SOURCES OF INNOVATIVE OPPORTUNITY
(Drucker–5b)
7) NEW KNOWLEDGE (CON’T)
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED
INNOVATION:
(1) Careful analysis of all of the necessary factors
(2) A clear focus on the strategic position
(3) Ability to learn and practice entrepreneurial management
APPROACHES TO INNOVATION
CONCEPTS
SOURCES OF INNOVATIVE OPPORTUNITY
(Drucker–5c)
7) NEW KNOWLEDGE (CON’T)
UNIQUE RISKS OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED INNOVATION:
(1) The window of opportunity for establishing a position is small
(2) A “shake-out” sets in as soon as the window of opportunity
closes
(3) There must be receptivity to the knowledge-based innovation
APPROACHES TO INNOVATION
CONCEPTS
INNOVATION DIMENSIONS
(Kamm)
FORM
FUNCTION
EXTENT
TIMING
APPROACHES TO INNOVATION
CONCEPTS
INNOVATION DIMENSIONS
(Kamm - 1)
FORM
Generation or adoption of:
- Technology
(product, process service)
- Market
(users, buyers, clients)
- Organization
(structure, function)
APPROACHES TO INNOVATION
CONCEPTS
INNOVATION DIMENSIONS
(Kamm - 2)
FUNCTION
Improves quality
Reduces cost
Performs new functions
Enhances current market attractiveness
Increases current market offerings
Enters market not currently served
Improves learning curve
Enhances economies of scale
Permits production of better-quality offering
Enhances human growth and potential
APPROACHES TO INNOVATION
CONCEPTS
INNOVATION DIMENSIONS
(Kamm - 3)
EXTENT
APPROACHES TO INNOVATION
CONCEPTS
INNOVATION DIMENSIONS
(Kamm - 4)
TIMING
(introduction or adoption)
First-to-market
Quick second
Quick third
Late follower