Psych 308 fall 2011
Review content for test 3 (Final exam)
Cozby chapter 7 asking questions: survey
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Purpose of survey
types of questions (attitudes, facts, etc.
Problems with wording of questions, double barreled, loaded, etc.
Types of responses to questions, different types of scaling
Advantages and disadvantages in survey types, questionnaire, vs. mail, interviews, etc.
Sampling techniques: Probability sampling
a. simple random, stratified, cluster
7. sampling techniques: nonprobability
a. convenience/haphazard, purposive, quota
8. compare probability and non prob sampling purposes
9. what a sampling frame is
chapter 12 correlations
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define and compare scales of measurement (review)
what four types of frequency distributions are used for scales(review)
what each measures of central tendency is best used for (review)
how central tendency measures differ from variability (review)
what information Pearson r provides
types of bivariate relationships for two linear variables (pos/neg/ curvilinear, etc.)
components of a regression equation Y=a +bX and purpose of the equation
how Pearson r can be used to show effect size
how a restricted range affects Pearson r
how IV and DV are related to predictor and criterion variables
not multiple correlation or partial correlations, structural equations
Chapter 5 Measurement
1. difference between true score and measurement error
2. types of reliability: test-retest; internal consistency; interrater reliability
3. range, strength, direction of reliability coefficient.
a. How to increase internal consistency reliability
b. What Cronbach Alpha does to estimate reliability
4. Types of construct validity: face, content, convergent, divergent and difference between
concurrent and predictive
5. Effect of reactivity on validity
Steinberg module 34 and 35
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1. Purpose of conducting a correlation: to see how one var predicts another (to enable us to use
regression)
2. What paired observations are
3. What indicates direction and strength of a correlation coefficient.
4. What eta  correlation coefficient measures
5. How an outlier affects the correlation coefficient
6. What small, medium and large coefficients ranges are
7. Effect of removing the highest and lowest scoring subjects on the correlation coefficient
8. How to calculate percent of common variance shared between two variables
9. Whether or not any correlation can show cause and effect
10. Five types of correlation coefficients and what types of variables they are used for
Steinberg module 36
1. Effect of restriction of range
2. NOT sample heterogeneity v. homogeneity
3. Correlations v. common variance
Steinberg module 37 linear prediction
1. Purpose of regression equation
2. Positive and negative correlations, strength of relationship (review)
3. Regression equation components : Y = bX + a (same as Y = a + bX)
Steinberg module 38
1. What the standard error of prediction is (standard deviation of errors of prediction), i.e. a type
of standard deviation. Also called standard error of estimate (estimate of average error)
2. Difference between a point estimate and confidence interval
3. Shape of the distribution of errors
4. Relationship between the size of the correlation and the standard error of prediction
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