自我介紹
 台中人
 國立大里高中
 交大運管系
 黃明居老師lab
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 學生代表
 旅遊.攝影.電影
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Chapter 13
報告人：0053224 高誌宏
指導老師:任維廉教授
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OUTLINE
 1.Core Transformation Process
 2.Woodward’s Classification
 3.Flexible Manufacturing Systems
 4.Core Organization Service Technology
 5.Non-Core Departmental Technology
 6.Workflow Interdependence Among
Departments
 7.Impact of Technology on Job Design
 8.Sociotechnical Systems Model
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Service and Manufacturing
Technologies
 Technology refers to the work processes,
techniques, machines and actions used to
transform input into outputs
 Technology influences organizational structure
 Core technology is the work process that directly
relates to the organization’s mission
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1.1 Core Transformation Process for a
Manufacturing Company
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1.2 Pressures Affecting Organization
Design
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2.1Woodward’s Classification Based on
System of Production
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2.2Relationship between
technology
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Strategy, Technology, and Performance
 Successful firms have complementary structures
and technologies
 Failing to adopt a new technology or failing to
realign strategy can lead to poor performance
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3.1Flexible Manufacturing Systems
 The shop floor has been revolutionized
 Computer-aided design (CAD）
 Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
 Integrated Information Network
 FMS means that new products can be designed
and prototypes without human hands
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3.2 Flexible Manufacturing
Technology vs. Traditional
Technologies
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3.3 Lean Manufacturing
 Highly trained employees at every stage of
production
 Cut waste and improve quality
 Incorporates technological elements
 Paved the way for mass customization
 Using mass-production technology to quickly
and cost-effectively assemble individual goods
for customers
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3.4 Performance and Structural
Implications
 Flexible manufacturing allows diverse
products to be made on one assembly line
 Mass customization to meet customer needs
 Efficient machine utilization
 Labor productivity increases
 Scrap rates decrease
 Increased productivity
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4.1 Core Organization Service
Technology
 The service sector is growing
 Service technologies are different from manufacturing
technologies
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4.2 Service Firms
 Production and provision of services
 Intangible output
 Simultaneous production and consumption
 Labor and knowledgeable intensive
 Direct interaction between customer and
employee
 Quality is perceived
 Site selection is very important
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4.3 Designing the Service Organization
 Service organizations are not necessarily large
 Often small locations, close to customers
 Service organizations require technical core




employees – close to customer
Service customers interact directly with technical
employees
The skills of technical employees need to be high
Employees need knowledge, awareness and
interpersonal skills
Decision making is often decentralized
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5.1 Non-Core Departmental
Technology
 Every department in an organization has a production
process
 Variety: frequency of unexpected and novel events（多
樣化）
 Analyzability: ability to apply standard procedures（可
分析的）
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5.2 Framework for Department
Technologies
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5.3 Department Technology to
Structural and Management
Characteristics
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6.1 Workflow Interdependence Among
Departments
 The extent to which departments depend on each
other for resources or materials
 Low interdependence means that departments can do
their work independently
 High interdependence means departments depend on
each other
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6.2 Interdependence and
Management Implications
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6.3Structural Priority and Implications
 Reciprocal interdependence should receive first
priority
 Reciprocal activities should be grouped together
 Poor coordination will cause poor performance
 Organizations should be designed to address
interdependence
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example
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6.4 Coordination for Interdependence
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7.Impact of Technology on Job Design
 Job Design
 Job Simplification
 Job Rotation
Technology impacts:
1) Job Design
2) Organization
 Job Enrichment
 Job Enlargement
Sociotechnical systems approach recognizes the
interaction of technical and human needs
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8.Sociotechnical Systems Model
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Design Essentials
 Key research notes that technology and structure can be co-
aligned
 Service technologies differ in a systematic way from
manufacturing technologies
 It is important to apply the correct management system to a
department
 Interdependence among departments dictates the amount of
communication and coordination required in design
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Summary
 Relationship of Technology with Organization
 Five idea
 Woodward’s
 Service company
 Framework
 Flexible manufacturing system
 workflow
 Sociotechnical system theory
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Q＆A
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