CCNA 4 v3.1 Module 5
Frame Relay
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Purpose of This PowerPoint
• This PowerPoint primarily consists of the Target
Indicators (TIs) of this module in CCNA version
3.1.
• It was created to give instructors a PowerPoint to
take and modify as their own.
• This PowerPoint is:
NOT a study guide for the module final assessment.
NOT a study guide for the CCNA certification exam.
• Please report any mistakes you find in this
PowerPoint by using the Academy Connection
Help link.
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Objectives
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Frame Relay Operation
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Frame Relay Switches
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Frame Relay Concepts
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Virtual Circuits
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Local Significance of DLCIs
The data-link connection identifier (DLCI) is stored
in the Address field of every frame transmitted.
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Terminology
• The connection through the Frame Relay
network between two DTEs is called a virtual
circuit (VC).
• Virtual circuits may be established dynamically
by sending signaling messages to the network.
In this case they are called switched virtual
circuits (SVCs).
• Virtual circuits can be configured manually
through the network. In this case they are called
permanent virtual circuits (PVCs).
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Frame Relay Stack Layered Support
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Frame Relay Functions
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Bandwidth and Flow Control
Bit counter Example 1
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Frame Relay Concepts
Queue
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Frame Relay Concepts
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Frame Relay Concepts
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Selecting a Frame Relay Topology
Full Mesh
Partial Mesh
Star (Hub and Spoke)
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LAPF Frame – Address Field
6-bits
4-bits
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Data Link Control Identifier
• The 10-bit DLCI associates the frame with its virtual
circuit
• It is of local significance only - a frame will not
generally be delivered with the same DLCI with which
it started
• Some DLCI’s are reserved
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Local Management Interface (LMI)
• Three types of LMIs are supported by Cisco
routers:
Cisco — The original LMI extensions
Ansi — Corresponding to the ANSI standard
T1.617 Annex D
q933a — Corresponding to the ITU standard
Q933 Annex A
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LMI Frame Format
1
Flag
2
Address
1
1
1
1
Control
PD
CR
MT
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LMI Message
1
FCS Flag
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Stages of Inverse ARP and
LMI Operation #1
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Stages of Inverse ARP and
LMI Operation #2
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Configuring Basic Frame Relay
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Configuring a Static Frame Relay Map
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Reachability Issues with Routing Updates
in NBMA
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Reachability Issues with Routing Updates
in NBMA
By default, a Frame Relay network provides nonbroadcast
multiaccess (NBMA) connectivity between remote sites.
An NBMA environment is treated like other multiaccess
media environments, where all the routers are on the
same subnet.
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Frame Relay Subinterfaces
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Configuring Point-to-Point Subinterfaces
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Verifying Frame Relay
• The show interfaces command displays
information regarding the encapsulation
and Layer 1 and Layer 2 status. It also
displays information about the following:
The LMI type
The LMI DLCI
The Frame Relay data terminal
equipment/data circuit-terminating
equipment (DTE/DCE) type
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The show interface Command
LMI Status
LMI DLCI
LMI Type
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The show frame-relay lmi Command
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The show frame-relay pvc Command
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The show frame-relay map Command
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Troubleshooting Frame Relay
The debug frame-relay lmi Command
PVC Status
0x2 – Active
0x0 – Inactive
0x4 – Deleted
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Summary
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