GIS Technology
in the Petroleum Industry
W. N. (Bill) Wally
WNW Consulting, LLC
Tel: 713-857-5170
FAX: 713-665-7555
Internet: gis_guy@swbell.net
1
21 August 2002
GIS Technology
in the Petroleum Industry
•
•
•
•
•
•
2
Background
What is a GIS
Business drivers
Issues
Future expectations
Summary
21 August 2002
Background
3
21 August 2002
Major oil company operations
• International in scope (for over 100 years)
• Challenges:
–
–
–
–
Technical (e.g. deepwater oil production, gas-to-liquids)
Environmental (HCAs, protected habitats, spills)
Economic (volatile oil prices, low profitability)
Legal (royalty payments, reporting requirements)
• 49 CFR part 195
• Large volumes of complex data that must be
– managed
– organized
– displayed
4
21 August 2002
Oil industry GIS chronology
• Early ~1980’s adopters include Exxon, Shell, Amoco
– “It’s the only technology that can manage most of our data -- wells, leases,
grids, seismic lines, culture, etc.”
• Many competing technologies (mostly VMS/Unix)
– in-house, Genasys, Vortex, etc...
• Confusion/conflicts between CAD and GIS
• 1989 - “Operation Database/GIS”
• 1990 - ex-Texaco geologist Bill Slinkard joined ESRI
– PUG was formed
• 2000 - ESRI becomes the defacto GIS standard for the petroleum
industry
5
21 August 2002
• $104
billion annual revenues (2001)
• ($3.7 billion net)
• Operations in 180 countries
• ~ 20,000 miles of pipelines
• 11.8 billion barrels oil & gas equivalent reserves
• 2.7 million BOPD daily production worldwide
• (~3% of worldwide consumption)
• ~50,000 employees
6
21 August 2002
What is a GIS?
7
21 August 2002
What is a GIS?
• A geographic information system (GIS) is software that uses location
to link digital databases, providing users with map-based access to
information.
• A GIS can also link to data that is not in the GIS:
– reports (e.g. environmental hazards, material safety data, contracts)
– Safe Operations - Process Safety Information:
•
–
other facilities databases for safe operations management practices
•
–
–
–
•
8
PFDs, P&IDs, Safe Charts, Equipment Layouts, Area Classifications, Fire & Safety Layouts, Electrical
One Lines, etc.)
Management of Change, Process Hazard Analysis, etc.
images (pictures, scanned drawings, CAD)
videos
other databases (e.g. Oracle)
This is a very powerful feature, since it allows digital data to be accessed
geographically, without first copying it into a GIS
21 August 2002
How does a GIS work (1)?
• A GIS stores, analyzes, and displays geographic data
and attributes of geographic data
• Geographic data is data about things that have a location:
• trees (species, age, height,…)
• houses (owner, street address, # of rooms, age, ….)
• roads (name, # of lanes, surface, quality)
• cities (name, population, age, etc.)
• countries (name, population, etc.)
• wells (id, status, when drilled, current oil production, etc.)
• A GIS displays geographic data as if it were a series
of transparent maps, overlain on each other
9
21 August 2002
Example GIS display
View (map)
Table
Themes
10
21 August 2002
What data do we access with a GIS?
• wells
• pipelines
• seismic survey locations
• production and refining facilities
• engineering drawings
• photographs of facilities, wellheads, etc.
• safety and environmental reports
• land ownership and permits
• roads, rivers, village boundaries
• digital orthophotos and satellite images
11
21 August 2002
What is different about a GIS?
Although the primary GIS “product” is a map, it is different
from conventional maps because:
• it is a graphical display conveying spatial information
about the underlying data, that can be interactively
modified by the end-user
• the map scale is completely variable -- this has
significant implications regarding location data accuracy
• GIS data can be shared, i.e. accessed by different users in
different ways at the same time
12
21 August 2002
GIS Business Drivers
13
21 August 2002
GIS Business Drivers:
Multidisciplinary asset teams
• More data sharing among
–
–
–
–
–
–
geophysics
geology
petroleum engineering
facilities engineering
land/legal
safety and environment
• One thing in common:
– WHERE is the asset?
• GIS “spatial window” is the best
way to access diverse data
14
21 August 2002
GIS Business Drivers:
Expanding IT marketplace
•
•
•
•
Leverages other industries
Lowers costs “per seat”
10,000 times as many users - same price
Cost comparison:
$ Development
15
Company
Industry
General
Specific
Specific
Purpose
$1,000,000
# of sites
1
$ per site
$1,000,000
$10,000,000
$200,000,000
100
1,000,000
$100,000
$200
21 August 2002
Value of GIS Technology
GIS technology has a proven performance record:
• cutting costs of construction
– production facilities - by providing better “as-builts”, and also accurate
maps of nearby hazards or other sensitive areas
– pipelines - more accurate routing means more accurate estimates of
quantities needed for pipe materials
• supporting G&G, Engineering, HSE, emergency response, and
related reporting requirements
– government agencies now require GIS datasets as well as reports
• high-grading existing location data
– wells
– pipelines
– facilities
ChevronTexaco example:
to comply with FTC requests, created ~100 custom maps showing
CHV/TX/competitor pipelines, facilities, properties, production, etc. in
less than 2 months
16
21 August 2002
GIS Business Drivers:
Business Case
• Estimated cost savings resulting from better decision-making:
– 1% of current worldwide expenditures for
•
•
•
•
drilling rig positioning
emergency response
offshore flowline construction
tanker truck fuel costs
– 1% of $1 billion = $10 million
• Estimated cost increases from failing to correctly report
operations activities to appropriate government,
environmental NGOs, and local stakeholders:
– mega$$$$....
17
21 August 2002
GIS Organization Model
Corporate Divisions
Upstream
GIS data coord
.1 FTE
Products
GIS data coord
.1 FTE
HSE
GIS data coord
.1 FTE
etc.
Information
Technology
GIS data coord
.1 FTE
GIS
Supervisor
Corp. GIS Steering Committee/GRT
GIS
Advisor
Analyst
Analyst
18
Technician
Technician
21 August 2002
Enterprise GIS Comment
“A GIS/Web combination is the best opportunity to create an
enterprise management system that presents technical,
financial, HR, and media information in a single interface for
complex problem resolution and decision-making.
The GIS spatial presentation and analyses capabilities are well
suited for organizing complex information in a manner that
transcends language barriers.
As such, it is an ideal enterprise management system for global
companies operating in multiple cultures.”
Mark Koelmel - Chief Operating Officer Chevron SASOL Ltd.
19
21 August 2002
2001
20
21 August 2002
1999
21
21 August 2002
Issues and challenges
• Data management
– Data ownership and responsibility
– Metadata standards
– Replication between GIS servers and laptops
– Backup and tuning of very large GIS databases
• General: GIS concepts still not well understood
– coordinate systems
– location accuracy
22
21 August 2002
Future expectations
• Improved “conflation” tools
• 3-D GIS
– don’t stop at ground level
– stratigraphic cross sections
– reservoir visualization
• GIS technology is still too
complicated...
23
21 August 2002
Summary
• The petroleum industry already realizes tangible benefits using
geographic data and GIS technology to make better operational
decisions
• New capability in ArcGIS 8.3 significantly expands its value and
relevance:
• Geodatabase - everything appears in the same place
• comprehensive metadata
• coordinate transformation “on the fly”
• imagery
• very high performance
• Linear Referencing (esp. for pipelines and seismic)
• Survey Analyst - finally addressing conflation
• ArcIMS (Internet Map Server) for web-based access
• ArcReader for easy distribution of GIS data and maps
• For the petroleum industry, GIS technology is now mature enough to
warrent world-wide Corporate Level commitment, to insure its proven
ability to assist in capital stewardship is employed to maximum
advantage throughout the entire enterprise.
24
21 August 2002
The Ultimate Goal
“Geography brings us together”
Single database image
Financial
Hardcopy
25
Produc- tion
Leases
Wells
Seismic
Etc.
Facilities
21 August 2002
ESRI Petroleum User Group (PUG)
• ~450 companies/organizations including Anadarko, BP,
ChevronTexaco, ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil, Landmark
Graphics, Marathon, Saudi Aramco, Schlumberger, Shell,
Unocal, USGS
• Geodatabase - everything appears in the same place
–
–
–
–
•
•
•
•
26
comprehensive metadata
coordinate transformation “on the fly”
imagery
very high performance
ArcIMS - GIS access from any web browser
Overlapping/disjoint polygons (regions)
Overpost resolution (Maplex)
Linear Referencing (esp. for pipelines and seismic)
21 August 2002