AN OVERVIEW OF INTEGRATED WATER
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN DVC
PREPARED BY
DIPANKAR CHAUDHURI
SE(CIVIL), DVC
GUIDED BY
S. B. PANDEY
DCE(CIVIL), DVC
HISTORY OF DAMODAR RIVER VALLEY
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THE RECORDS OF THE BENGAL GOVERNMENT FOR THE PERIOD 1852-1923
SHOW THAT THE RIVER BREACHED ITS BANKS FREQUENTLY. THE GOVERNMENT
WAS FORCED TIME AND AGAIN TO TAKE UP DIFFERENT PLANS FOR FLOOD
CONTROL WORKS. NOTABLY LARGE FLOODS CAUSED WIDE SPREAD DAMAGE IN
THE YEARS 1823, 1840, 1877, 1913, 1935, 1939, 1941, AND 1943.
FLOOD CONTROL BY MEANS OF RESERVOIRS WAS CONSIDERED AS EARLY AS
1863. BRITISH ENGINEERS WISHING TO LOCATE DAM SITES SURVEYED ONE
RESERVOIR SITE IN JANUARY 1864.
IN 1902 A RESERVOIR SITE WAS PROPOSED AT BARAKAR ABOVE THE
CONFLUENCE OF THE BARAKAR AND USRI RIVERS. AFTER THE SEVERE FLOOD
OF 1913, A LARGE RESERVOIR WAS PROPOSED ONCE MORE FOR THAT SITE.
IN 1919, THE IDEA OF USING MULTIPLE RESERVOIRS WAS CONCEIVED. THE IDEA
WAS TO USE THREE DAMS – ONE ON DAMODAR RIVER, ONE ON THE BARAKAR
RIVER AND ONE ON THE USRI RIVER.
CONSTRUCTION OF DAMODAR CANAL (ANDERSON) BEGAN IN 1926 AND
COMPLETED IN 1933.
THE GOVERNOR OF BENGAL SET UP THE DAMODAR FLOOD ENQUIRY
COMMITTEE IN 1943 & ITS REPORT (AUG 1944) SUGGESTS THE CREATION OF AN
AUTHORITY SIMILAR TO THAT OF TVA.
DVC WAS FORMED IN THE YEAR 1948 BY THE ACT OF CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
FUNCTIONS OF THE CORPORATION
• THE PROMOTION AND OPERATION OF SCHEMES FOR IRRIGATION, WATER SUPPLY
AND DRAINAGE
• THE PROMOTION AND OPERATION OF SCHEMES FOR THE GENERATION,
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY, BOTH HYDRO-ELECTRICAL
AND THERMAL
• THE PROMOTION AND OPERATION OF SCHEMES FOR FLOOD CONTROL IN THE
DAMODAR RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES AND THE CHANNELS, IF ANY, EXCAVATED BY
THE CORPORATION IN CONNECTION WITH THE SCHEME AND FOR THE
IMPROVEMENT OF FLOW CONDITIONS IN THE HOOGHLY RIVER,
• THE PROMOTION AND CONTROL OF NAVIGATION IN THE DAMODAR RIVER AND ITS
TRIBUTARIES AND CHANNELS, IF ANY
• THE PROMOTION OF AFFORESTATION AND CONTROL OF SOIL EROSION IN THE
DAMODAR VALLEY, AND
• THE PROMOTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL,
ECONOMIC AND GENERAL WELL-BEING IN THE DAMODAR VALLEY AND ITS AREA OF
OPERATION.
CORPORATE OBJECTIVES
• GENERATE MORE POWER AT LOWEST POSSIBLE COST
• TRANSMIT, DISTRIBUTE AND SUPPLY RELIABLE AND QUALITY POWER
• ADOPTION OF EFFICIENT INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL AND HUMAN
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
• OPTIMUM UTILIZATION OF AVAILABLE WATER RESOURCES AND
HARNESSING THE REMAINING POTENTIAL OF THE BASIN TO THE EXTENT
POSSIBLE
• TO FORTIFY MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AT PLANT
LEVELS AND TO CONTINUE WITH THE EFFECTIVE ECO-CONSERVATION
ACTIVITIES IN THE VALLEY AREA.
• STRENGTHENING OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FOR
INHABITANTS OF NEIGHBORING VILLAGES OF THE MAJOR PROJECTS
THE
THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY (TVA)
- A PARTIAL
MODEL FOR THE DAMODAR VALLEY CORPORATION (DVC)
BRIEF COMPARISON
UNIT
TENNESSEE
DAMODAR
40,200
8,500
CATCH AREA
Sq. Mile
RIVER LENGTH
Miles
652
336
FOREST COVER
Acres
13,000,000
6,000,000
(1930)
(1948)
MEAN YEARLY R/F
Inches
51
45
MEAN YLY RUNOFF
% of rainfall
42
35
DAM (MAJOR)
Nos.
39
5
POPULATION
Nos.
2,800,000 (1930)
10,720,485 (1971)
14,076,399 (1991)
DAMODAR VALLEY RESERVOIR REGULATION COMMITTEE (DVRRC)
COMMITTEE IS FRAMED COMPRISING OF THE MEMBERS OF THE STAKE HOLDER STATES
I.E. JHARKHAND AND WEST BENGAL, AS WELL AS MEMBERS OF DVC AND CENTRAL
WATER COMMISSION - A PIVOT BODY OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
ROLE OF COMMITTEE IS FRAMING OF POLICY (OPERATION MANUAL) AND TO REGULATE
THE OPERATION OF ALL THE RESERVOIRS INCLUDING ALLOCATION OF WATER TO
DIFFERENT AGENCIES FOR DIFFERENT USES.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES TAKEN UP BY DVC
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INSTALLATION OF 39 AUTOMATIC RAIN GAUGE STATIONS
MODIFICATION OF THE EXISTING OPERATIONAL GUIDE CURVES
RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT
FLOOD FORECAST MANAGEMENT
HYDRAULIC DATA MANAGEMENT
CREATION OF STORAGE
DE-SILTATION WORK
PISCICULTURE
MASTER PLAN
DRIP
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
SOIL CONSERVATION
DAM BREAK ANALYSIS
EAP (EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN) & DMP (DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN)
REHABILATION AND RE-SETTLEMENT (R & R)
SEDIMENTATION SURVEY OF RESERVOIRS
SOCIAL INTEGRATION PROGRAMME
MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLY
SUPPLYING WATER TO ABOUT 170 MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL AGENCIES FROM
MACKLUKXIGUANGE NEAR DALTANGUANGE IN JHARKHAND TO PANAGARH IN
WB.
MAIN INDUSTRIAL CONSUMERS
• COAL INDIA
• STEEL PLANTS
• THERMAL PLANTS
• RAILWAYS
• CEMENT FACTORIES
• HFCL, DPL, STPS ETC.
MAIN DOMESTIC CONSUMERS
• JHARIA WATER BOARD
• DHANBAD WATER WORKS
•ASANSOL RANIGUNGE & DURGAPUR MUNICIPALITIES
•PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTS (JHARKHAND & W. BENGAL) ETC.
MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WATER WITHDRAWAL
Withdrawal in MCM/Day
0.68
0.73
2002 2003
0.79
2004
0.79
2005
0.85
2006
0.89
2007
West Bengal M & I Drawal
0.30
2002
0.31
2003
0.33
2004
Jharkhand M & I drawal
0.36
2005
0.41
2006
0.54
2007
0.91
2008
0.55
2008
0.92
2009
0.56
2009
0.95
2010
0.58
2010
0.97
2011
0.61
2011
1.01
2012
0.63
2012
IRRIGATION AREA
WEST BENGAL
Kharif Irrigation potential:
Rabi irrigation potential :
9,73,000 acre (3,93,763 hectare)
55,000 acre (22,258 hectare)
JHARKHAND
Check dams (16,882)
Small Reservoirs
Jamunia
Charwa
Gonda
Proposed
Konar Reservoir
Balpahari Reservoir
Kharif
Hectare
64,748
Rabi
Hectare
1458
405
931
47,849
40,468
Total
Hectare
64,748
1,458
405
931
14,074
61,923
40,468
1,69,933
RABI IRRIGATION IN WEST BENGAL
KHARIF IRRIGATION IN WEST BENGAL
400,000
22,400
390,000
22,200
380,000
22,000
370,000
21,800
360,000
21,600
Irrigable area in
Hectare
350,000
irrigable area in
Hectare
21,400
340,000
21,200
330,000
21,000
320,000
20,800
310,000
20,600
20,400
300,000
Target
Achieved
Target
Achieved
PERFORMANCE OF KHARIF IRRIGATION SUPPLY
1800
1600
Volume of water in MCM
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Drawal for Kharif
Indent for Kharif
Allocation for Kharif
PERFORMANCE OF COMBINED RABI & BORO IRRIGATION
700
600
Volume of water in MCM
500
400
300
200
100
0
Indent: Rabi + Boro
Drawal: Rabi + Boro
Allocated: Rabi + Boro
Allocated: Rabi
FLOOD MODERATION AT DOWN STREAM OF MAITHON & PANCHET DAMS
25000
Discharge in Cumec
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Sep, Oct, Oct, Oct, Oct, Jul, Oct, Sep, Aug, Sep, Jun, Jun, Aug, Sep, Sep, Sep, Sep, Sep, Sep, Aug, Oct,
1958 1959 1961 1963 1963 1971 1973 1978 1980 1980 1984 1984 1987 1987 1995 2000 2006 2007 2009 2011 2013
M & P Combined Peak Inflow
M & P Combined Peak Outflow
Down stream Channel Capacity
A VIEW OF DAMODAR VALLEY RESERVOIR STORAGE
AND FLOOD MODERATION
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---Flood
Live
Total
Flood Moderation Capacity
Storage
Storage
Storage
Combined Peak Moderated
Inflow
Outflow
(MCM)
(Cumec)
----------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Original Plan
3579
2838
7009
28321
7085
1st Stage of
DVC Dams
1851
1318
3812
18420
7085
Achieved
in 1ST stage
1116
1318
3077
17003
7085
971
926
2206
14169
3684
Current
position
Loss in %
13
30
28
NA
NA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
STORAGE IN MCM
Maithon
Panchet
Original Survey 1955
Secondary survey 2002
Original survey 1956
607
Secondary survey 2011
500
441
434
382
206
334
93
252
236
169
106
Dead
Live
Flood
Dead
Live
Flood
Tilaiya
Konar
Original survey 1955
Original survey 1953
Secondary survey1987
Secondary survey 1987
238
141
141
178
221
165
75
60
Dead
Live
Flood
Dead
35
175
56
Live
Flood
38
LOSS OF CAPACITY IN %
Maithon
Panchet
Tilaiya
Konar
Dead
54.85
55.08
46.81
41.67
Live
27.35
32.94
40.76
20.81
Flood
12.57
13.20
7.30
32.14
Gross
27.36
28.24
31.60
26.41
7009
DVC SYSTEM STORAGE
Storage in MCM
3579
2838
Gross
Live
Flood
3077
2206
1318
Original Plan
1st Phase utilisable
1116
926
Current
971
STATE WISE FOOD GRAIN DEMAND IN DAMODAR BASIN
Food grain in Metric Tonne
7.42
Jharkhand
West Bengal
3.7
3.6
2.056
1.79
2011
1.72
2025
2050
POPULATION GROWTH IN DAMODAR VALLEY
38804280
Population
10720485
26406060
14076399
11234481
1971
1981
1991
2025
2050
TILAIYA DAM
TOURISM AT MAITHON DAM
KONAR FLOOD RELEASE
DURGAPUR BARRAGE
HEAD REGULATOR AT DURGAPUR BARRAGE
LEFT BANK MAIN CANAL
NAVIGATION HEAD REGULATOR
IRRIGATION
MAJOR ISSUES FACED BY DVC
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LAND ACQUISITION
REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT
FLOOD OPERATION
LOWER DAMODAR CHANNEL CAPACITIES
OPERATION OF THE TENUGHAT RESERVOIR
ACTIVITIES WITHOUT KNOWLEDGE OF DVC
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
CAPITAL SHARING
FUND
ILLITERACY
POLITICAL WILL
EMPLOYMENT
EXTRACTION OF FULL BENEFITS (TPD ETC)
EROSION & SEDIMENTATION
SHARING OF WATER
TECHNOLOGY
LACK OF PRO-ACTIVE PARTICIPATION OF STAKE HOLDERS
STRATEGIES TO COMBAT ISSUES
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FLOOD CUSHION OF TILAIYA AND KONAR RESERVOIR MAY BE USED AS A COMBINED STORAGE
FOR FLOOD AND CONSERVATION STORAGE
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IF EXTRA WATER IS MADE AVAILABLE, IRRIGATION FACILITIES MAY BE EXTENDED TO
JHARKHAND STATE THROUGH KONAR AND TILAIYA RESERVOIRS
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IN CASE OF MAITHON AND PANCHET, EXISTING OPERATIONAL CONSERVATION LEVEL MAY BE
INCREASED BY 1.52 MT. IN EACH RESERVOIR
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ALL M&I WATER ALLOCATIONS MAY BE REVIEWED TO LOCATE SURPLUS IN THE ALLOCATED
QUANTITIES
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TO COMBAT THE FLOOD AT THE LOWER VALLEY, DOWN-STREAM FLOOD CARRYING CAPACITIES
MAY BE REVIEWED AND MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF CARRYING CAPACITY MAY BE
TAKEN
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ADEQUATE AFFORESTATION AND SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES ARE ALSO REQUIRED TO BE
TAKEN UP AT THE UPPER VALLEY TO REDUCE THE EROSION RATES
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TO TAKE UP RAIN WATER HARVESTING AND GROUND WATER RECHARGING PROJECTS
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RENOVATION OF OLD IRRIGATION & WATER SUPPLY CANAL SYSTEM AND IMPLEMENTATION OF
MODERN IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES FOR OPTIMUM USE OF THE RESOURCE
STRATEGIES TO COMBAT ISSUES
• CONJUNCTIVE USE OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
• INSTILLING DISCIPLINE IN EQUATABLE DISTRIBUTION THROUGH WATER USERS
ASSOCIATION’S PARTICIPATION
• IMPLEMENTATION OF MORE SCIENTIFIC CROPPING PATTERN
• OPERATION OF CANALS AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ON DEMAND BASED RATHER
THAN SUPPLY BASED
• VOLUMETRIC BASED MEASUREMENT OF WATER AT USER END
• REVISION OF WATER TARIFF
• TAPPING OF UNHARNESSED HYDRO-POWER POTENTIAL OF NEARLY 3500 MW
CONCLUSION
WELL STRUCTURED LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS VIZ. DVC ACT 1948,
INTER STATE AGREEMENT 1978 AND DVRRC BROADLY COVER ALMOST ALL THE
ASPECTS MENTIONED IN DRAFT CWC GUIDE LINES ON IMPLEMENTATION OF
IWRM. HOWEVER PRO-ACTIVE PARTICIPATION OF THE STAKE HOLDERS IN
MANAGING THE WATER RESOURCES OF THE VALLEY IN EFFICIENT, SPEEDY AND
TANGIBLE MANNER IS NEED OF THE HOUR.
SINCE DVC PROJECTS ARE NEARLY 55 YEAR’S OLD, DEDICATED AND SINCERE
EFFORTS OF ALL CONCERNED IS HIGHLY REQUIRED TO REJUVENATE THE EXISTING
INFRA-STRUCTURE AND TO CREATE ADDITIONAL FACILITIES FOR ACHIEVING THE
ORIGINAL PLAN OF DEVELOPMENT.
THANKS