– The Agrarian Revolution led to the Industrial
Revolution, which began in Great Britain and spread
to other countries
– Economic and social conditions around the world
changed dramatically as result of the Industrial
Revolution
– Identify two positive impacts of the
Industrial Revolution
Agrarian Revolution
• Event that sparked the Industrial
Revolution
• New technologies and farming methods
– Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill
– Enclosure Movement
• Created a food surplus
– Resulted in increased population and life
expectancy
– Increased the pool of available labor
Start of the Industrial
Revolution
• Started in England because it had:
– Natural Resources (coal and iron) and
favorable geography-----Land
– Money to invest in businesses----Capital
– Labor force (farmers forced off their
lands----Labor
Factory System
• Produced work in the factories
instead of at home
• Use of machines to produce goods
rather than by hand
• Produced goods faster and cheaper
Urbanization
• Urbanization refers to the movement of
people into cities
• Problems of urbanization
– Poor working class lived in crowded tenements
– Lack of sanitation and sewage systems in early
years of industrialization
– Spread of disease
– Crime
• Railroads moved goods at a faster rate
• The construction of railroads encouraged
urbanization and growth of the factory
system
Industrial Problems and Reform
Before Reforms
• Factories unsafe
• Use of child labor
• Workers work long
hours for low wages
After Reforms
• Workers get fair
wages
• limited child labor
• allowed for formation
of unions
Laissez Faire
Karl Marx
Competition
Command
Economy
Adam Smith
Laissez Faire
Government
ownership
Private
Ownership
Proletariat
Revolution
Free Market
Laws of Supply
and Demand
Capitalism
exploits the poor
Capitalism
Socialism
• Individuals and businesses own
property and the means of
production
• The community or state should
own property and the means of
production
• Progress results when individuals
follow their own self interest
• Progress when a community
cooperates for the good of all
• Businesses compete for
consumers money by producing
goods that are better and less
expensive than competitors
• Believe that capitalist employers
take advantage of workers and
the government must protect
workers
• Consumers compete to buy the
best goods at lowest prices.
• Shapes the market by affecting
what businesses sell
• unequal distribution of wealth and
goods in the capitalist system
• System should distribute goods
according to each person’s need
• Government should not interfere
in the economy because
competition creates strong
businesses (Free Markets)
• Government regulation of
economy to ensure equal
distribution of wealth and
material goods (Command Economy)
The Industrial Revolution
Economic Effects
Social Effects
Political Effects
• New inventions and
development of
factory system
• Rapid urbanization
• Goods produced
faster and cheaper
• Increased demand
for raw materials
• Growth of global
trade
• Advances in
transportation and
communication
• Rise of Capitalism
• Increased population
of cities
• Loss of family
stability
• Increased jobs
available for women
• Harsh conditions for
workers & child labor
• New jobs
• Expansion of the
middle class
• Improved standard
of living
• Advances in medicine
and science
• Child labor laws to
end abuses
• Trade unions formed
• Reform movements
• Socialism
• Utopian Socialism
• Marxism/
communism
• Laws to reform
abuses and problems
1. Which conclusion is
supported by the
information on the map?
a) England’s natural
resources led to the
growth of industrial
cities
b) In 1830, England had
an unfavorable balance
of trade
c) Great Britain’s
prosperity unified
people
d) People emigrated from
Great Britain because
of pollution
2. Laissez-faire economists of the 19th
century argued that:
a) Governments should regulate the economy and
foreign trade
b) Individuals should be allowed to pursue their
self interest in a free market
c) Governments should develop a state run
banking system to prevent instability
d) Anarchy would result if universal male
suffrage was granted
3. Which two speakers represent Karl
Marx’s ideas of Communism
a)
b)
c)
d)
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
A
B
B
C
and
and
and
and
B
C
D
D
4. Which speaker is referring to laissezfaire Capitalism
a)
b)
c)
d)
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
A
B
C
D
5. The passage expresses the ideas of:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Napoleon Bonaparte
Karl Marx
Adam Smith
Thomas Malthus
6. Which two developments contributed most
to the situation described in the passage
a)
b)
c)
d)
Technological developments and nationalism
Militarism and nationalism
Imperialism and the Enlightenment
Urbanization and the factory system
The Enlightenment
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Scientific Revolution
Observation
experimentation
Traditional
Reason
Society
Reforms
•
•
•
•
enlightened despots
democratic
nationalistic
revolutions
The Enlightenment
Key People
• John Locke
• Montesquieu
• Voltaire
• Rousseau
• Catherine the Great
Key Terms
• Reason
• Natural Law
• Enlightened Despot
The French Revolution
•
•
•
•
•
•
Enlightenment ideas
Inequalities
Third Estate
American
Radical
Reign of Terror
•
•
•
•
•
executed
Robespierre
Napoleon
Revolutionary ideas
Nationalism
The French Revolution
Key People
• King Louis XVI
• Third Estate
• Maximilien Robespierre
• Radical Jacobins
• Napoleon Bonaparte
Key Terms
• Estates General
• Declaration of the
Rights of Man and
Citizen
• Radical
• Napoleonic Wars
The Congress of Vienna
• Balance of power
• Borders
• Monarchs
The Congress of Vienna
Key People
• Prince Metternich
Key Terms
• Balance of Power
• Conservative
• Liberal
Latin American Revolutions
•
•
•
•
•
•
Enlightenment
Europe
United States
Creoles
American Revolution
The French
Revolution
•
•
•
•
Nationalist
Independence
Liberation
Spain
Latin American Revolutions
Key People
• Toussaint L’Ouverture
• Simon Bolivar
• Jose de San Martin
Key Terms
• Encomienda System
• Creoles
Nationalism
•
•
•
•
•
•
French Revolution
Napoleon
Foreign control
Nationalism
Italy
Germany
•
•
•
•
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Balkans
WWI