The American Youth Soccer
Organization (AYSO)
Presents:
The AYSO Intermediate Coach
Course
Intermediate Coach Course
– The AYSO National Coaching Program is
accredited by:
– The National Council for Accreditation of
Coaching Education (NCACE)…
Overview (session one):
• The Intermediate Coaching Course
• AYSO 6 Philosophies
• Qualities of a Coach
• Principles of Play
• Systems of Play
• Positional Responsibilities
• Coaching Cycle
• Technical Aspects of various skills
• Preparations for the weekend…
Intermediate Coaching Course
To teach coaches how to teach
players to read the game, their
players and themselves…
AYSO Philosophies
Balanced Teams
Positive Coaching
Open Registration
Everybody Plays
Good Sportsmanship (not gamesmanship)
Player Development…
Qualities of a Coach
• Types of Coaching Styles
– Hard-nosed or authoritarian
– Nice guy
– Intense or driven
– Easy-going
– Businesslike
• Some or all can be found in all coaches in
varying degrees…
Qualities of a Coach
• Why do we coach?
– Social approach
• To promote social interaction among players
– Self approach
• Gain personal recognition
– Task approach
• Achieve the team goal
• Again, these are found in varying
degrees…
Qualities of a Coach
• While coaching styles differ, successful coaches
have the same basic qualities
Character Traits
Skills
Patience
Understanding
Manager
Leader
Enjoyment
Conscientiousness
Teacher
Motivator
Responsibility
Positive Role Model
Uses Humor
Demonstrator
Personal Drive
Communicator
Qualities of a Coach
• Every coach needs
– Knowledge of the game
• How?
– Ability to communicate that knowledge to
the players
– Ability to observe and correct (Coaching
Eye)
• This is one focus of the course during this
weekend…
Qualities of a Coach
The Coaching Process
Knowledge
Fix!...
Observation
Communication
Qualities of a Coach
• Putting qualities into practice
– Planning and adjusting as needed
– Organizing a training session
– Simplifying complicated skill or tactic to its basic
components in language appropriate to the age
of the players
– Demonstrating skills under game conditions…
Qualities of a Coach
• Putting qualities into practice
– Correcting players in a positive manner
– Bringing players of varying ability together as a
team
– Determining and adjusting the system of play
for the good of the team first and individuals
second…
Qualities of a Coach
• Putting qualities into practice
– Delegating duties
– Motivate players (ACTIVATE)
– Building player confidence
– Listening to players…
Team Management
• Have an attainable philosophy appropriate
for the age being taught:
– You can’t get 12 volts from a 9 volt battery!
– Keeping expectations appropriate reduces
frustration for:
•
•
•
•
•
Kids
Parents
Coaches
Referees
You…
Team Management
• Keep practices (training sessions) organized and
structured
–
–
–
–
–
–
Makes effective use of limited time
Gives parents and players a sense of competence
Give assistant coaches specific assignments
Use to work with smaller groups
Provide opportunity for player specific training
Provide opportunity for position specific training
• Work closely with Team Parent and teams
parents…
Team Management
• Need time to warm-up
– Even young players need a warm-up
• Check health and mental state of players
– Inability to keep up or perform may be related to
• Physical problem
– Recurring injury
• Emotional problem
– Family
– Peers
– School…
Team Management
• HAVE MEDICAL FORMS!!
– Must be on hand for all events
• Practices
• Games
• Pizza Parties
• Have ice and miscellaneous medical
supplies (Band aids, gauze, ace bandage)
• Reinforce game strategy or focus for that
practice…
Psychological Motivation
(Activation)
• Coaches must integrate the following into
their teaching:
– Develop proper attitude in the players
– Develop player self-worth
– Keep participation enjoyable
– Recognize player capacities and limitations
– Proper attitudes and behaviors taught by
example rather than lecture, you are the
ROLE MODEL…
Psychological Motivation
• Players responsibilities
– Come with a desire to improve their play
– Show up for practices and games
– Be dedicated to the game
– Have determination…
Psychological Motivation
• Motivational Techniques
– Praise the attempt or effort
– Correct or reinforce in a positive manner
– Encouragement to try even when not
successful
– Avoid favoritism
– Encourage player support for each other…
Psychological Motivation
• Motivational Techniques
– Get player feedback and opinions regarding how they
feel about their performance
– Teach better players how to be leaders
– Set goals and standards for individuals and team
• Important enough to be added as a fourth element
of every practice in the “Coaching Cycle”
(tomorrow night)…
Characteristics of Various
Age Groups
13 to 14 Year Olds:
•
•
•
•
•
Physical changes are occurring
Changes create mental unrest (instability?)
Peer acceptance is very important
Desire to become better players
More vocal and opinionated…
Personality Traits of
Successful Athletes
•
•
•
•
•
•
Drive
Aggression
Coach-ability
Determination
Responsibility
Conscientiousness
•
•
•
•
•
Mental Toughness
Self-confidence
Leadership
Emotional control
Trust and Respect…
Injuries
Because AYSO is committed to providing
a program that benefits youth, preventing
injuries must be one of the coach’s chief
concerns. Many factors influence the
number and severity of injuries. Injury
prevention can be increased by the
following:
Injury Management
•
•
•
•
Proper warm-up
Sufficient physical conditioning
Correct soccer techniques
Knowledge and application of the Laws
of the Game
• Sufficient rest and fluids
• Equipment
• Maintained facilities…
Injury Management
Do not:
• try to diagnose a serious injury.
• touch the injury, but ask the injured player
to move the affected area.
• A serious injury will not allow movement
by the injured player and will give the
coach a clue to the seriousness of the
injury.
Injury Management
Do:
• Seek professional help for all but minor
injuries.
• Put the child’s welfare ahead of the team’s
needs. Playing youngsters with serious
injuries is incompatible with the best
interests of the children.
Injury Management
Returning to Play:
• Can the player walk without limping?
• Can the player run in a straight line?
• Has the player been cleared by a
doctor?
• If the answer is no to any of these, do not
return player to the game.
Heat Trauma
• Players experiencing heat exhaustion need:
– Fluids in them
– To be placed in shade
– Cooled down quickly…
Systems of Play
4-4-2
K
Systems of Play
4-3-3
K
Systems of Play
3-4-3
K
Positional Responsibilities
• POSITION
– Goalkeeper
 OWN TEAM WITH
BALL
– Begin Attack
– Defender
– Maintain Possession
– Advance Ball
– Midfielder
– Advance ball
– Maintain Possession
– Forward
– Score
– Advance ball
– Maintain
possession
• OPPONENT WITH
BALL
– Stop scoring
attempt
– Stop scoring
attempt
– Regain possession
– Delay attack
– Regain possession
– Regain possession
– Delay attack
Objectives/Principles of Play
• Objectives
»Ambition
»Purpose
»Intent
»Endeavor
»Goals…
Objectives and Principles
• Principles
»Management of play
»Laws of play
»Conditions of play
»Used to achieve Objectives…
Principles of Play
• Coaches must UNDERSTAND the
“Principles of Play” to be successful
• Coaching introduction to tactics
• Youth players are not concerned with
“Principles of Play”, just playing…
Principles of Play
• Used as the measuring stick for the
coach as to how well the team is
performing
– No absolute correct decisions
– Score or record are NOT accurate
measures of team performance or
improvement
– The coach needs to assess performance
from moment to moment to determine
proper application of principles…
Principles of Play
• Attacking
– Penetration
– Depth
– Mobility
– Width
– Creativity
• Defending
– Delay
– Depth
– Balance
– Concentration
– Composure…
Principles of Play
Penetration 1 v 1
D
A
Principles of Play
Depth 2 v 2
D
D
A
A
Principles of Play
Mobility/Balance 3 v 3
A
D
D
A
A
D
Principles of Play
Width/Concentration
A
D
D
A
D
D
A
Principles of Play
Composure/Creativity
A
D
D
A
A
D
D
D
A
A
Principles of Play
No Composure/Creativity
A
D
D
A
A
D
D
D
A
A
Coaching Cycle
To Develop Match Characteristics
Shooting
Short/long play
Risk
Transition
Skills, Tactics
Conditioning, Motivation
Coach Players
On ball
Supporting
Opposition
Build Up
the Practice
Warm-up
Free play
Drills
Small games
Use Elements of Practice
THE
COACHING
CYCLE
Employing
Coaching Techniques
And Control
Match Pressure
Space, Speed and Opposition
while using the
Principles of Play
Coaching Cycle
• Match Characteristics
– Shooting
– Short play combined with long play
– Risk
• Shooting vs advancing vs possession
– Transition
• Attacking to defending
• Defending to attacking…
Coaching Cycle
• Elements of Practice
– Skills
• Dribbling, ball control, passing, shooting, etc.
– Tactics
• Principles of play
– Conditioning
– Psychological development
– Limited in time…
Coaching Cycle
• Conditioning
– Soccer players are always (ideally!) sprinting
or jogging during a match
– Players run as much as 3-5 miles depending
on match duration and age
– Sprinting (anaerobic alactic) occurs in sudden
spurts of short duration
– Jogging (aerobic) occurs most of the time…
Coaching Cycle
• Conditioning
– Lactic acid buildup (fatigue)
• Occurs when high levels of energy are expended
for short durations (2 minutes or less)
• The higher the energy level the greater the acid
buildup
• After strenuous workouts lactic acid in the muscles
may be reduced through easy aerobic motion
(jogging) and stretching…
Coaching Cycle
• Match Pressure
– Created by adjusting
• Speed
• Space
• Opposition…
Coaching Cycle
• Build-up
– Start from a warm up and end up in match
conditions
– Progression
•
•
•
•
Static
Dynamic
Dynamic with pressure
Game simulation…
Coaching Cycle
• Organizing the Practice
– Warm up to prepare for the session
– Free play
• Given general directions on what they should
be working on
• No restrictions on speed or space
• Develop natural abilities and touch
– Skill work using buildup…
Coaching Cycle
• Organizing the Training Session (Practice)
– Match conditions
• Small groups 3v3, 4v4, 5v5, 6v6
• Set conditions to reinforce skill
practiced/needed
• Remove condition if success is observed
– Always observe skills and abilities to
determine topics for next practice…
Dribbling
• Five Technical parts of dribbling
– Vision
– Touch
– Turning
– Beating a defender
– Shielding…
Passing
• Five characteristics of a good pass
– Pace
– Accuracy
– Timing
– Deception
– Maintains possession or advances ball…
Player Decision Making
• Players must make decisions relative to
the position of:
– Ball
– Opponents
– Teammates
– Themselves
– Time
– Goal…
Types of Speed
• Technical
– How quickly a player executes a technique
• Tactical
– How quickly a player takes advantage of a
situation
• Physical
– Fast (Genetic speed)…
Things for this Weekend
• Hydration is critical
– Drink lots of water TONIGHT
• Fluids and lunch will be provided
• Bring shade and chair
• Bring sunscreen…
Things for this Weekend
• Clipboard or notepad for taking notes
• Sign in each day
• Have book for final test on Sunday at
end (This is a must pass test!)…
Laws of the Game
• How many are there?
– 17
• Why do coaches need to know?
– Understand the game
– Know where to gain advantage
• Quick restart
• Player position
– Teach players how to prepare for
restarts…
Laws Of The Game
To truly understand officiating, we
recommend strongly that you “walk a mile in
his shoes”. That is, try your hand at actually
refereeing some matches. Experience as a
referee can only improve your skills as a
coach and is well worth the effort…
Laws Of The Game
Law 1: Field of Play
Law 2: The Ball
Law 3: The Number of Players
Law 4: The players’ Equipment
Law 5: The Referee
Law 6: The Assistant Referees
Law 7: The Duration of the Match
Law 8: The Start and Restart of Play
Laws of the Game
Law 9: The Ball In and Out of Play
Law 10: The Method of Scoring
Law 11: Offside
Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct
Law 13: Free Kicks
Laws of The Game
Law 14:
Law 15:
Law 16:
Law 17:
The Penalty Kick
The Throw-In
The Goal Kick
The Corner Kick