Bellringer
10/08/13
Explain why the Mitochondria
is nicknamed the
powerhouse?
Topic: Cells and Energy
 EQ:
What process do cells use to obtain
energy?
How do living things
obtain energy?
There are three
processes:
a.
Cellular Respiration
b.
Fermentation
c.
Photosynthesis
Why do we need energy?
 All
living things from single-celled
organisms to humans need energy to
survive.
 Remember:
Cells process energy from
food into the energy-storage fuel called
ATP…
 How
do we make ATP????
Why ATP? ATP is like money??
Glucose in our food is a great source of energy! ($100 bill)
 However, our cells and its processes may only require a small
amount of energy ($1 bill)
A. Say you go to a vending machine . Most vending machines do not
accept $100 bills! We need a smaller form of “currency” for these
processes.



But, when we first get ATP it is too large, we have to break it
down. It is an important cellular “currency” for life.
ATP releases more appropriate amounts of energy for the
individual cellular processes that require energy.!
(We will study this molecule in detail in our next activity!) WE
NEED IT!
Cellular Respiration
 Process
that convert the energy from food
molecules (glucose) into a form the body can use.
A
step by step process that occurs in two parts of
the cell:
a. The cytoplasm
b. mitochondria “powerhouse”
 Takes
place in all living things
I. Cellular Respiration
Step 1: Reaction in the cytoplasm (Glycolysis)
a.

Glucose (sugar) broken down into a smaller pieces.
It produces some ATP (fuel) and uses ATP from other cells
that has been released.
I. Cellular Respiration

Step 2: Reaction in the Mitochondria

Small (glucose) from step 1 + oxygen enter into
the mitochondria

It is then further broken down

Produces:
1. large amounts of ATP (fuel )
2. Waste products of: water and carbon dioxide


Cell Respiration
Carbon Dioxide
Glucose
CO2
C6H12O6
Water
Oxygen
H2O
O2
Energy
(atp)
What is the chemical equation for
cellular respiration?
Then to
mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Then: ATP, water,
carbon dioxide is
produced
What would happen if your cells
were deprived of oxygen?? Would
they still be able to burn glucose
to make energy??
YES!!
Activity
 1.
Open book to pg. 76
 2. Cut out figure 16
 3. Tape it to the top of ISN 64
 4. In 2-3 paragraphs:
a. Explain the process of cellular respiration
and why it is essential for cells to obtain
and create energy.
Two types of fermentation
 A.
Lactic-Acid Fermentation
 B.
Alcohol Fermentation
Topic: Cells and Energy
 EQ:
How does a cell obtain energy?
II. Fermentation (produce
energy without oxygen).
 Occurs
in eukaryotic and prokaryotic.
Allows to obtain energy when oxygen
levels are low.
 Because
no oxygen is used, fermentation
makes less ATP.
 Occurs
in the cytoplasm not the
mitochondria
Bellringer
Explain
how ATP and
glucose are related to
each other.
III: Photosynthesis
The process of photosynthesis is a chemical reaction.
It is the most important chemical reaction on our
planet.
Describe Photosynthesis
 Plants
capture light energy and use that
energy to make glucose (its food) and
gives off oxygen
 Occurs
 Takes
in plants and some algae
place in the chloroplasts, using
chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants
What is the equation for the
chemical reaction of
photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis Animation
Why is this
important to
us?
Why is this important to us?
We cannot make our own food (glucose, energy), we
must get our food from plants.
Plants are the first step in the food chain.
How is photosynthesis and
cellular respiration related?
It’s a cycle in plant
cells, Jennnnay
Photosynthesis and Cellular
Respiration Animation
 http://teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?
video_id=158836
Read how photosynthesis &
respiration are related:
https://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/8th/energy/sciber/p
hotosyn.htm
Writing in Science
 Prompt:
Plant cells and animal cells are
both similar and different.
 Must
have:
 A. 4 paragraphs
 B. 5-7 sentences each
 C. Be on topic
 D. Talk about differences in processes and
organelles, etc…
 D. 50 points
The BIG Question is…
Do only animals respire?
Or do plants respire too?
 Only
plants perform photosynthesis
 Plants AND animals perform cellular respiration!
(Can you explain why??)
What happens during
photosynthesis?
What happens during
photosynthesis?
 Carbon
dioxide enters the leaf through
holes called stomata
 CO2 combines with the stored energy in the
chloroplasts through a chemical reaction to
make glucose
 The sugar is moved through tubes in the leaf
to the roots, stems and fruits of the plants
 Some of the sugar is used right away by the
plant for energy; some is stored as starch;
and some is built into plant tissue
Bellringer
How
is photosynthesis and
cellular respiration alike?
Learn more
about
photosynthesis
http://www.ftexploring.com/me/photosyn1.html
at:
What is Cellular Respiration?
What is the chemical equation for
cellular respiration?
Why is this important to us?
The oxygen released during photosynthesis is
necessary for all living things.