Bellringer
O Name three possible dangers
you may encounter when
working with animals?
Safety & Sanitation
TM
1
Safety & Sanitation
in Veterinary
Medicine
Spring 2012
Safety & Sanitation
TM
2
Learning Target
O Analyze the effects that poor safety
precautions and sanitation can have
on both animals and their handlers.
Safety & Sanitation
TM
3
The Game Plan…
O Review of Safety and Sanitation Hazards
O Attack of the Germs! - Activity
O Group Discussion
O Exit Slip: Formative Assessment
Questions
Safety & Sanitation
TM
4
Formative Assessment
O Complete an Exit Slip
O Evaluate the relationship between proper
sanitation of clinical facilities and potential
hazards to the medical staff.
O Describe three steps that you can take to
ensure your own safety when working with
animals during class.
Safety & Sanitation
TM
5
Safety With Animals
O What are some potential hazards
a person may encounter when
working with animals?
Safety & Sanitation
TM
6
Four Hazards in Veterinary
Medicine
O Chemical Hazards:
- Ingestion or handling of hazardous medication or materials
O Physical Hazards:
- Bodily injuries from working with animals and medical
equipment
O Biological Hazards:
- Contracted from handling medical wastes
O Zoonotic Hazards:
-
Disease that are spread from animals to humans through
viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungus
Safety & Sanitation
TM
7
Chemical Hazards
O Chemical Hazards:
- Ingestion or handling of hazardous medication
or materials
Drugs/Medication
Cleaning agents
Insecticides
Anesthetic gases
Many hazardous chemicals are routinely used in veterinary
hospitals.
Safety & Sanitation
TM
8
Chemical Hazards
O These chemicals can cause damage to the
skin and eyes and to the lungs if they are
inhaled.
O Some chemicals may also cause abortion
and/or fetal abnormalities if absorbed into
the bloodstream.
O Never use a substance for anything other
than its intended use!!!!
Safety & Sanitation
TM
9
Physical Hazards
O Physical Hazards:
- Bodily injuries from working with animals and
medical equipment
Animal injuries – bites, kicking, scratches
Back injuries – improperly lifting heavy objects or
animals
Falls on wet floors
Exposure to x-rays
Safety & Sanitation
TM
10
Physical Hazards
O Physical injuries from animals are the most
common.
O Physical hazards are especially dangerous
when working with farm animals due to their
size.
O Cats needle-like teeth and sharp claws
harbor bacteria that can cause serious
illness in humans.
Safety & Sanitation
TM
11
Physical Hazards
O To prevent injury proper clothing and
footwear should always be worn when
working with animals.
O Learning animal behavior and the correct
handling and restraint techniques can help
prevent injuries.
Safety & Sanitation
TM
12
Biological hazards
O Biological Hazards:
- Contracted from handling medical wastes
Living tissue and organisms
Blood
Urine
Live vaccines
Medical waste that has had contact with living tissue
(urine soaked blankets, bandage material, etc.)
Needles and scalpels “Sharps”
Safety & Sanitation
TM
13
Biological Hazards
O The danger of biohazards is that they can
spread disease from one animal to another or
from animals to humans.
O Medical wastes must be disposed of properly!
O Gloves and protective clothing should be worn
when handling biohazards.
Safety & Sanitation
TM
14
Zoonotic hazards
• Zoonotic Hazards:
- Disease that are spread from animals to humans through viruses,
bacteria, parasites, fungus
Viruses
Rabies
Sleeping Sickness
(Encephalitis)
Parasites
Mange
Toxoplasmosis
Bacteria
Cat Scratch Fever
Salmonellosis
Anthrax
Tuberculosis
Fungus
Ringworm
Safety & Sanitation
TM
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Zoonotic Hazards
O There are several ways to prevent the
spread of these diseases including:
• Vaccination of animals and humans
• Proper waste disposal
• Isolating infected animals
• Proper handling of infected animals
• Proper sanitation of hospital
• Hand washing
• Wearing protective clothing
Safety & Sanitation
TM
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Activity
O Is it possible to come in contact with these
hazards in vet science class?
O How easily can you contract a harmful
substance (such as medical waste or
disease) from a surface or animal?
O Do we usually clean effectively or quickly?
Safety & Sanitation
TM
17
Discussion
O What protective measures can we take as a
class to ensure the safety of ourselves and
your classmates?
Safety & Sanitation
TM
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Rules When Working With Animals
1. Always wear protective clothing and equipment, when
necessary. (Gloves, Long Pants, boots, Mask)
2. Always wash clothing & equipment after use.
3. Wash hands & body between each patient.
4. Keep hands away from eyes and face.
5. Do not consume food or drink where contamination may occur.
6. Remove contaminated equipment. Coats, coveralls, etc.
7. Always label medications and chemicals properly.
8. Be trained properly on handling techniques.
9. Always keep first aid kit handy.
10. Be aware of surroundings.
19
Exit Slip
O Describe the relationship between proper sanitation
of clinical facilities and potential hazards to the
medical staff.
O Describe three steps that you can take to ensure your
own safety when working with animals during class?
Safety & Sanitation
TM
20
Types of Sanitation
O Cleaning –physically removing all visible signs of dirt
and organic matter such as feces, blood, hair, etc.
O Disinfecting –destroying most microorganisms on
nonliving things by physical or chemical means.
O Sterilizing – destroying all microorganisms and
viruses on an object using chemicals and/or heat.
O Antiseptics – solutions that destroy microorganisms
or inhibit their growth on living tissue.
Safety & Sanitation
TM
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Safety signs &
equipment
Danger
Radioactive
Biohazard
Wet Floor
Back Brace
Dosimeter
Lead Gloves
Lead Apron
Safety & Sanitation
TM
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MSDS
Material Safety Data
Sheet
Includes 8 sections:
Manufacturer Information
2. Hazard Ingredients/ Identity Information
3. Physical/ Chemical Characteristics
4. Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
5. Reactivity Data
6. Health Hazard Data
7. Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
Safety
8. & Sanitation
Control TM
Measures
1.
23
Drug
Schedules
Schedule I: no medical use – high abuse
Heroin, Methaqualone, LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, Marijuana, Hashish,
Hash Oil, amphetamine variants.
Schedule II: accepted medical use – high abuse
Dilaudid, Demerol, Methadone, Cocaine, PCP, Morphine, and cannabis,
amphetamine and barbiturate types.
Schedule III: accepted medical use – medium abuse
Opium, Vicodan, Tylenol w/codine, and narcotic, amphetamine
and barbiturate types.
Schedule IV: accepted medical use – low abuse
Darvocet, Xanax, Valium, Halcyon, Ambien, Ativan, barbiturate
types.
Schedule V: accepted medical use – very low abuse
SafetyLomotil,
& Sanitation
TM
Phenergan,
liquid suspensions.
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Types of
Sanitation
Cleaning –physically removing all visible signs of dirt
and organic matter such as feces, blood, hair, etc.
Disinfecting –destroying most microorganisms on
nonliving things by physical or chemical means
Sterilizing – destroying ALL microorganisms and
viruses on an object using chemicals and/or heat
under pressure
Antiseptics – solutions that destroy microorganisms
orSafety
inhibit
their
& Sanitation
TM growth on living tissue
25
Commonly Used
chemicals
Alcohols – ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol
Aldehydes – gluteraldehyde, formaldehyde
Chlorine – bleach
Iodine and Iodophors – Betadine, iodine
Quaternary ammonias – Centrimide, Quatsyl-D
Safety & Sanitation
TM
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Methods of
Sanitation
Physical cleaning – using a
chemical with a mop or
sponge
Cold sterilization – soaking
items in a disinfectant
chemical until they are
used
Dry heat – incinerating an
object or exposing it to
flame
Radiation – using
ultraviolet
or gamma
rays
Safety & Sanitation
TM
Filtration – removing
particles from the air using
a physical barrier
Ultrasound – passing high
frequency sound waves
through a solution to create
a vibration that scrubs an
object to remove debris
Autoclave – a sealed
chamber in which objects
are exposed to heat and
steam under pressure 27