Ethnicity
•
•
•
•
•
State
Nation
Nation – State
Nationalism
Empire
• Ethnicity: Identity with a group of people
that share distinct physical and mental
traits as a product of common heredity and
cultural traditions (Rubenstein)
• Ethnicity: affiliation with a group whose
racial, cultural, religious, or linguistic
characteristics or national origins
distinguish it from a larger population
within which it is found (Fellman)
• Ethnocentrism: a tendency to evaluate
other culture’s against the standards of
one’s own (Fellman 179)
More Vocab
•
•
•
•
Centripetal
Centrifugal
Balkanization
Russification
Yugoslavia
Nationalities
Soviet Union Nationalities
• For the next few slides: Find the
similarities and differences by region
Distribution of the B blood type
allele among humans
• Using the B blood type for defining races, Australian Aborigines
would be lumped together with most Native Americans. Some
Africans would be in the same race as Europeans while others
would be categorized with Asians.
http://anthro.palomar.edu/ethnicity/ethnic_1.htm
Lactose Intolerance
B Blood
Type
Does Race Exist?
Lactose
Intolerance
Read
• Does Race Exist?
List the Races
•
•
•
•
•
White
Black
Asian
Native American
Pacific Islander
Pacific Islander
Recognized Races by US Census
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
White
Black or African Am.
Asian
American Indian or
Native Alaskan
Asian Indian
Chinese
Filipino
Japanese
•
•
•
•
•
Korean
Vietnamese
Other Asian
Native Hawaiian
Guamanian or
Chamorro
• Samoan
• Other Pacific Islander
• Other race
Other terms
• Hispanic – from a Spanish-speaking
country
• Latino – from a Latin American country
• Hispanic & Latinos can be of any race –
for example,
• Many in Argentina are white
• Many in Mexico are Native American
B Blood
Type
Does Race Exist?
Lactose
Intolerance
Homework
• Part A: On the following slides, answer the questions.
Slides do not need to be printed.
• Part B: Read assigned pages from textbook on ethnic
conflicts. You will be the only person in the group which
has read your assignment. Everyone will be relying on
you!
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
South Africa – p. 228
Ethiopia & Eritrea – p. 237
Sudan – p. 237
Somalia – p. 238
Lebanon – p. 239
South Asia – p. 240
Sri Lanka – p. 240
1. List 2 countries each from a different continent which are mostly homogenous.
2. List 2 countries each from a different continent which are mostly
heterogeneous.
3. List 2 countries which may experience ethnic tension. List one reason for your
answer.
Distribution of Ethnicities in US
4. Choose 2 ethnic groups and explain the distribution of each.
RACIAL AND ETHNIC
CATEGORIES from 2000 US
Census
# OF
PEOPLE
% OF
POP.
Total U.S. population
281,421,906
100.0%
274,595,678
97.6%
--- White
211,460,626
75.1%
--- Black or African American
34,658,190
12.3%
Race: (see note 1)
--- One race
--- American Indian & Alaska Native 2,475,956
0.9%
--- Asian
10,242,998
3.6%
--- Native Hawaiian & other Pacific
Islander
398,835
0.1%
--- Some other race (see note 2)
15,359,073
5.5%
--- Two or more races (see note 3)
6,826,228
2.4%
35,305,818
12.5%
246,116,088
87.5%
Ethnicity: (see note 4)
--- Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
--- Not Hispanic or Latino
http://anthro.palomar.edu/ethnicity/ethnic_1.htm
1. There was no "decline to
state" option allowed for
"race" designation for
the year 2000 Census.
2. 97% of the people who
reported that they were
"some other race" said
that they were also
"Hispanic or Latino" in terms
of ethnicity.
3. There are 57 possible
combinations of 2, 3, 4, 5,
or 6 races that were
allowed. 93% of the people
who reported more than one
race, reported
only two. The most
common combination was
"white" with some other
"race.“
4. 48% of Hispanics reported that
they were "white" and 42%
said they
were "some other race."
5. Based on the
Human
Geography
definition of race,
explain fact #4.
6. List one reason for spatial
distribution of African-Americans.
Af-am
• Reflects migration to north in early 20th century
7. List one reason for spatial
distribution of Hispanic-Americans.
His-am
8. What is the correlation of the
distribution of Hispanic-Americans
and the dominant religion in the area?
8. List two observations about the
distribution of Asian-Americans.
Asia-am
9. Explain why Hawaii is in the 50
and above category?
10. Why are there so few American
Indians in the eastern United
States?
Amerindian, Eskimo, & Aleut
11. Explain,
using Human
Geography
vocabulary,
the
distribution
of ethnicities.
12. Explain the
large AfricanAmerican
presence.
13. Explain the
reason for the
spatial
distribution
of the
Chinese.
Forsyth County, NC/ NC
• White persons, percent, 2011 (a) 68.1%/72.1%
• Black persons, percent, 2011 (a) 27.1%/22.0%
• American Indian and Alaska Native persons, percent,
2011 (a) 0.8%/1.5%
• Asian persons, percent, 2011 (a) 2.0%/2.3%
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander persons,
percent, 2011 (a) 0.1%/0.1%
• Persons reporting two or more races, percent, 2011
1.9%/1.9%
• Persons of Hispanic or Latino Origin, percent, 2011 (b)
12.2%/8.6%
• White persons not Hispanic, percent, 2011 58.6%/65.0%
•
•
http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/37/37067.html
Total pop 354,952
14. Add up the percentage of
ethnicities in Forsyth Co. Explain
your answer.
15. Explain the difference in the racial make-up of Forsyth
Co. and Winston-Salem.
wsfcs
• Group
wsfcs %
West Forsyth %
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Am Indian
.2
Asian
2.3
Black/Afr Am 29.2
Hispanic
20.6
Multiracial
4.0
Natv Hawaiian .1
White
44.
•
http://www.wsfcs.k12.nc.us/cms/lib/NC01001395/Centricity/Domain/4/201112%20Demographics.pdf
.2
4.0
13.5
11.5
2.2
.2
68.
16. Does West Forsyth reflect the racial
diversity of Winston-Salem or Forsyth
Co.? Defend your answer.
Stop Homework Here
• Ethnic groups in US tend to cluster in
cities (Rubenstein 222)
• Why??
– Ravenstein’s Laws
• Urban ethnic enclave
Race in the United States
• “separate but equal” doctrine – Plessy vs.
Ferguson, 1896
• Brown vs. BOE, Topeka KS, 1954
• “white flight” – 1950’s-1960’s
– Blockbusting – Real Estate Agents encourage
white neighbors to sell at a lost, then re-sell
higher to African-Americans desperate to
escape inner-city
World Examples
The largest ethnic group as the percentage of total population.
* Dark yellow: 85% and above.
* Yellow: 65-84%.
* Light yellow: 64% and below;
* Blue: Traditional ethnic definitions do not apply. Ethnicity is replaced by color of skin.
(Source: WFB. Data as of 2000-2008).
Belgium
• Dutch-speaking Flemish
• French-speaking Walloons
• Both consider to be Belgian nationality
United
Kingdom
• Multinational
– England
– Scotland
– Wales
– Northern Ireland
World Cup 2010 Teams
• Scotland and Wales have separate
elected governments
• Each have own national soccer teams
China
Sino-Tibetan Language Family (20%)
Chinese languages based on 420 one syllable words
with meaning infered from context and tone.
Branches:
• Sinitic
•Mandarin (1075),
•Cantonese (71),
• Austro-Thai (77)
•Thai,
•Hmong
• Tibeto-Burman
•Burmese (32)
Sino-Tibetan Language Family (20%)
Ethnicity
Language
Ethnic Conflicts
European colonial empires in 1938
http://anthro.palomar.edu/ethnicity/ethnic_1.htm
Jigsaw
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
South Africa – p. 228
Ethiopia & Eritrea – p. 237
Sudan – p. 237
Somalia – p. 238
Lebanon – p. 239
South Asia – p. 240
Sri Lanka – p. 240
Apartheid
• South Africa – 4 races
– White
– Black
– Mixed white and black
(colored)
– Asian
• Each race had different
legal status
• International pressure to
end starting in 1970’s
• Apartheid laws ended in
1991
Indonesia
•
•
•
•
Colonized by the Dutch and Japanese
Motto means – Unity through Diversity
4th most populous nation (largest Muslim country)
Ethnic groups: Javanese 40.6%, Sundanese 15%,
Madurese 3.3%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Betawi 2.4%,
Bugis 2.4%,Banten 2%, Banjar 1.7%, other or
unspecified 29.9% (2000 census)
• Languages: Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of
Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most
widely spoken is Javanese)
• Religions: Muslim 86.1%, Protestant 5.7%, Roman
Catholic 3%, Hindu 1.8%, other or unspecified 3.4%
(2000 census)
• Secession Movements
– Timor-Leste
• Colonized by Portugal
• Declared independence in 1975, then invaded by
Indonesia
• Independent 2002
• Predominantly Roman Catholic
– Has encouraged other ethnicities
Indonesia Secessionist Movements
Aceh
•
Proposed state: Republic of Aceh
– Militant organisation: Free Aceh Movement (the movement reached an
agreement with the Indonesian government in 2005, the separatist movement is
no longer exists.
Riau
•
Proposed state: Riau
South Moluccas
•
Proposed state: South Moluccas
– Government-in-exile: Republik Maluku Selatan
West Papua
•
Proposed state: West Papua
– Militant organisation: Free Papua Movement
– Government-in-exile: West Paupan Government in exile