AIRPORT EMERGENCY PLANNING
The Airport Emergency Manual
Cabo Verde, July 2009
Presented By
Rheaume Allard
Aerodrome Expert under the COSCAP-BAG Project
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Airport Emergency Manual
• COSCAP-BAG Template
– Template approved by the FSWG in February 2009
– Template approved by the Steering Committee in
April 2009
2
Airport Emergency Manual
• Structure of the manual:
– Part I: Distribution, Coordination Units &
Alert Codes
– Part II: Roles, Responsibilities & Resources
– Part III: Airport Emergencies, by type
3
Airport Emergency Manual
• Structure of the manual:
– Part I: Distribution, Coordination Units &
Alert Codes
– Part II: Roles, Responsibilities & Resources
– Part III: Airport Emergencies, by type
4
Airport Emergency Manual
• Part 1 – Distribution:
– Distribution List
– How many copies (numbered) distributed to each
organization involved
– Each copy shall be numbered
– Distribution record kept
– Amendment procedure of the plan is also included
in this section
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Part I – Coordination Units:
– Emergency Coordination Center (ECC)
– Mobile Command Post (MCP)
– Rendez-Vous Point (RVP) (Airport Manpower &
Equipment Dispatch Centre)
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Airport Emergency Manual
• The Alert Codes:
– The Alert Codes are identified as: RED, YELLOW &
WHITE
– The alert code is usually followed by the number
of passengers aboard the aircraft whose alert
code is as an example: RED 64, YELLOW 84, etc.
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Part 1 – The Alert Codes, code RED
– Code red: Complete & Immediate deployment of
airport & outside agency intervention units
Code RED is usually used for accident or major
incident
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Part 1 – The Alert Codes, code YELLOW
– Immediate deployment of a limited number of
emergency airport & outside agency intervention units
– Code YELLOW is usually used for an aircraft in
distress (deployment of internal units & Airport
Fire Department Services & state of alert for
outside units
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Part 1 – The Alert Codes, code WHITE
– Immediate deployment of airport intervention
units (internal resources)
– Code WHITE is usually used for fuel spill or other
minor emergencies
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Structure of the manual:
– Part I: Distribution, Coordination Units &
Alert Codes
– Part II: Roles, Responsibilities & Resources
– Part III: Airport Emergencies, by type
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Part II
– This section of the AEM defines the roles & responsibilities of the main agencies involved in an
airport emergency situation
– The list must be adapted to the specificities of
each country/airport
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Role VS Responsibilities:
– Example for Airport Maintenance Staff
• Role = Perform Support Duties
• Responsibilities =
–
–
–
–
–
–
Escorting outside vehicles
Towing the emergency trailer
Gathering survivors together
Providing technical assistance (roads, lighting, etc.)
To prepare the temporary hospital
Etc.
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Airport Director Role & Responsibilities
– Establish emergency procedures: local resources
– Ensure that agencies know & accept their role
– Designate a coordinator for AEP
– Provide ECC, MCP & RVP with communication
means
– Maintain & replace the material, apparatus &
equipment needed to implement Emer. Procedure
– Ensure that on person in charge is always available
to coordinate activities in emergencies
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Airport Director Role & Responsibilities
– Assume the responsibilities listed in each section
of the emergency procedures manual under the
heading “Airport Manager or Representative”.
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Airport Director Role & Responsibilities
– All services & agencies shall recognize the Airport
Director as the people in charge of coordinating
the emergency plan
– They shall accept the fact that, during the first
stage of a disaster when lives are at stake,
questions of legal jurisdiction or responsibility
shall come second to saving human lives
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Airport Director Role & Responsibilities
– Moreover, while the AO fully acknowledges the
official responsibilities of the various agencies, its
prime objective as coordinator of the emergency
action plan, and that of all other participating
agencies, is to save lives
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Role & Responsibilities – AFD Services
– Fire fighting operations in the event of an aircraft
accident on airport grounds & assist airport
management in the management of the
emergency site
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Role & Responsibilities – Medical Services
– The hospital medical team reports to the accident
site. The person in charge of medical services
directs first aid & triage operations & establishes
priorities for transporting the injured, as well as
recording the number of injured who are
evacuated to the hospital
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Role & Responsibilities – Police
– The police force responsible assumes full
responsibility for rescue activity in the event of an
Air disaster on its territory, in accordance with the
procedures established for such situations
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Role & Responsibilities – ATS
– In the event of an aircraft emergency, the ATC
shall issue a first alert via the communications
system, transmit information concerning the
aircraft in distress or other emergency & strictly
control vehicle ground traffic in the aircraft
maneuvering area
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Role & Responsibilities – Air Carrier (airline)
– Airline staff report to the RVP for their assigned
duties.
– Shall provide a passenger & cargo manifest ASAP
– Shall provide transportation between the accident site
& the designated waiting area
– Airline issues press release as authorized by
investigators.
– Responsible for removing aircraft debris
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Role & Responsibilities – City Fire Brigade
– They report to the RVP
– They are to support the Airport Fire Department,
water resupply, first aid, etc.
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Role & Responsibilities – Conclusion
– It should be borne in mind that the responsibilities
listed in this manual merely summarize the duties
each agency involved is expected to perform
– Their professional skills are such that all participants & their leaders are considered capable of
performing the assigned duties.
– We shall thus be able to accomplish our primary
objective, that of saving lives and minimizing
damage & to maintain airport operations
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Identification of agencies at disaster site
– To make members of the various agencies &
services at the disaster site more readily
identifiable, all will wear an armband bearing the
color of the agency or service to which they
belong
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Identification of agencies at disaster site
– Color of agency armbands should be as follows:
•
•
•
•
•
Police
Airline
Medial Team
Airport Staff
On-Scene Controller
Yellow
Dark Blue
White
Green
Orange
– Identification Armbands shall be kept in the
Emergency Trailer
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Radio Identification
– Each airport should develop a radio identification
system for both UHF & VHF
– Specific Call Codes should be developed for:
• Emergency Coordination Center:
• Mobile Command Post:
• Rendez-Vous Point:
ECC
Command Post
Rendez-Vous,
Assembly or Muster
Point
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Communication Language
– As far as practicable, only one (1) language should
be used for communicating during an emergency
situation or an emergency exercise
– In doing so, everybody using radio communication
will be aware of what is going on
– Otherwise the same information will be repeated
2 or 3 times thus overloading the frequencies
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Other Installations or Equipment
– A mobile trailer equipped with first aid supplies,
such as stretchers, blankets, bandages, et., is an
integral port of airport equipment
– This trailer is to be dispatched to the site of an
accident at the start of a major emergency, and
the equipment is used by first aid workers
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Other Installations or Equipment
– Temporary Morgue(s)
• Refrigerated sites shall be identified by the AO (hotels
walk-in coolers and freezers) refrigerated trucks etc..
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Airport Emergency Manual
• The Media
– Airport Operator: The Airport Operator representative shall
restrict his comments to issues that relate to the airport
situation only i.e. the airport is opened or not, there is a closed
runway, there will be delays for incoming and outgoing flights.
His comments could also relate to the emergency response, i.e.
how many ambulances are on site, fire fighters, doctors,
rescuers etc.. The Airport Operator representative shall not
make any comment as to the number of passengers involved,
how many injured, how many deaths etc.. He could however
mention the name of the airline and the type of aircraft
involved. He should not mention the number or the names of
passengers on board.
It shall be borne in mind that the
passengers are the airline responsibility
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Airline Representative: The Airline Representative,
usually in consultation and cooperation with the Police,
is responsible to inform passenger's relatives and
friends as well as the press about the passengers
themselves, i.e. the number of passengers on board,
the number of injured, the number of deaths etc..
Usually, the Police is responsible to inform each
individual family about the deaths of one of their
members, as a result of the crash. The coordination
between the information released to the press and the
information given to the families is the responsibility of
the airline in consultation with the Police
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Note: It shall be remembered by all that the
information cannot be withheld from the
Press indefinitely. The pressure exerted on
the Airport Operator, the Airline and the
Police and other agencies involved will be
such that the details of the accident, up to a
certain level, have to be revealed. A close
coordination between the Airline involved, the
Airport Operator and the Police, amongst
others, is required."
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Intervention Map or Grid Map
– The AO shall produce two (2) airport grid maps
– The first one to show the runway, taxiway, apron
system and immediate vicinity
– The second one to show an 8 km radius around
the airport center
– Each vehicle of each intervening agencies shall
have the two (2) grid maps
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Airport Emergency Manual
• List of Resources, Phone Numbers etc
– A list of all internal & external resources available
should be established by the AO
• Equipment available on the airport, under the control
of the AO & under the control of 3rd parties
• Equipment available on the airport, under the control
of the airlines or handlers etc.
• Equipment available outside the airport, heavy
equipment, coolers, freezers, buses, ambulances,
portable lighting, portable generators, food suppliers,
etc.
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Airport Emergency Manual
• List of Resources, Phone Numbers etc.
– A list of all airport tenants, including the airlines
with phone numbers at work, home, cell, e-mail
address, fax numbers etc.
– A list of all parties involved in an airport
emergency situation with same information
including name of persons for each organisation
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Airport Emergency Manual
• List of Resources, Phone Numbers etc.
– Of all airport employees (AO) who could be
recalled in case of an emergency
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Airport Emergency Manual
• List of Resources, Phone Numbers etc.
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Red Cross
Ambulance
Hospitals
Private clinics
Doctors
Nurses
Paramedics
Army, Civil Protection
Etc.
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Part III
– Airport Emergencies
• (projection of AEM).
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Airport Emergency Manual
• The setting-up of the ECC
– Proper set-up is essential to allow the ECC to fulfill
the purpose it is intended for
– ECC will be used as a crisis management room,
hectic situation
– 5 or even more persons will be talking on W-T,
telephone will ring, persons will attempt to enter
the ECC
– Participants will require update upon arrival at
ECC
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Setting up the ECC:
– In order to minimize the impact of those activities,
the following aspects should be looked at:
•
•
•
•
•
•
The location of the ECC shall be known by each party
Access to the ECC shall be controlled
Sound absorbent partition wall
Permanent locker for each participants (2 keys)
Board for updated information
Internet connection shall be available
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Setting up the ECC:
– In order to minimize the impact of those activities,
the following aspects should be looked at:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Telephone available to each participant
Battery chargers for mobile phone
Battery chargers for walkie-talkie
Fax capability
Secondary power source should be available
Recording facility should be available
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Setting up the ECC:
– The overloaded telephone network: to explore
possibility with the network operator to
disconnect private users
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Relations of the AO with involved agencies
– The first step in a viable emergency plan is to have
the cooperation of all the concerned community
authorities. To achieve this, it is essential that the
AO maintain a good working relationship with
these local authorities. This relationship must also
be continuous
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Relations of the AO with involved agencies
– Integration of the AEP with 3rd parties EP
• Most of the agencies involved in AEP do have their own
EP
• The AEP must be in accordance with their EP
• The Airport Emergency Exercises must be useful to all
parties. They will test their plan at the same time
• Emergency exercises involved lots of resources, both
from a financial & staff point of view. It is of the utmost
importance to make it beneficial for all units involved
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Relations of the AO with involved agencies
– Long Term Planning
• Date of the airport emergency exercise shall be agreed
upon by all parties
• To create less disturbance as possible in 3rd parties
operations and in airport operations as well
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Relations of the AO with involved agencies
– Realistic Exercise
• Proper location for the accident site
• Make-up kit for victims
• Victims briefing (actors)
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Relations of the AO with involved agencies
– Airport Familiarization Visit
• Airport environment is not familiar to everyone
• 3rd parties should get familiar with airport layout, traffic
regulations to be observed on the airside, access to the airport
and
to the airside,
emergency exit
roads, etc.
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Airport Emergency Manual
•
Relations of the AO with involved agencies
– Partial Exercises
• Airport environment may scare some people
• Full-scale exercise is also frightening for some people
• Partial exercises have proven to be useful to reassure participants,
amongst other benefits
• They make people more familiar with the airport environment, more
efficient & more confident
• Partial exercises can be held with 1 or 2 outside agencies at a time:
–
–
–
–
City Fire Brigade
Police
Medical Team
Combination of any of the agencies involved
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Airport Emergency Exercises (types)
– Full Scale:
• A full-scale Airport Emergency Exercise aims at testing
all facilities & associated agencies & their abilities to
work together to achieve the main goal of saving life
• It does involve a large number of people & important
resources
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Airport Emergency Exercises (types)
– Tabletop:
• The tabletop exercise is a test of the integration & capability of emergency response resources without the
expense & disruption of services incurred by a full-scale
exercise
• The exercise may be held as a coordination exercise
prior to the full-scale exercise, or it may be held at
intervening times in order to reconfirm procedures,
policy, telephone numbers, radio frequencies and
changes in key personnel
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Airport Emergency Exercises (types)
– Tabletop (Requirements):
• The simplest type of drill
• Meeting rooms, large scale map of the airport
• Senior representatives of each participating unit
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Airport Emergency Exercises (types)
– Tabletop (Scenario):
• Selection of a probable accident location
• Cards containing information are distributed on a
timely basis to participants
• Each participant must decide what to do with the
information (communicate to the MCP or the RVP), and
vice versa, etc.
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Airport Emergency Exercises (types)
– Tabletop – benefits of the exercise
• Reveal operational problems such as conflicting communications frequencies, lack of equipment, confusing
terminologies, people not fully aware of their role &
responsibilities, etc.
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Airport Emergency Exercises (types)
– Partial
• Partial emergency exercises may be required for some
of the participating units in order to train new
personnel, evaluate new equipment or techniques, or
to comply with mandatory recurrent training
requirements
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Airport Emergency Exercises (types)
– Partial
• Economical because of limited scope
• Can be repeated often to maintain a high level of proficiency
• Partial exercises should ensure that any deficiencies found
during the full-scale Airport Emergency Exercise have been
corrected
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Airport Emergency Exercises - Frequency
– ICAO Standards:
• Full scale at intervals not exceeding 2 years
• Partial & Tabletop: at least once each year that a fullscale exercise is not held to ensure that any deficiencies
found during the full-scale airport emergency exercise
have been corrected
• Tabletop exercise should be held semiannually, but not
coincidental with other exercises
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Airport Emergency Manual
• Airport Emergency Exercises - Frequency
– National Standards:
• Each ICAO Member States can adopt its own standards
pertaining to the frequency of the Airport Emergency
Exercises
• Usually the standards adopted by the Member States
meet the ICAO Standards
• National Standards can exceed the ICAO requirements
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FULL-SCALE AEE
• A Joint Venture
– No airport can on its own assume all the functions
required during an airport emergency or during an
airport emergency exercise
– The 1st step in planning full-scale emergency
exercises is to have the support of all airport &
community authorities concerned
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FULL-SCALE AEE
• A Joint Venture
– AEP provides framework which enables airport
and community agencies & other resources to join
in an effective coordinated response to airport
emergencies
– Emergency exercises are to produce an integrated
response plan & practice procedures & coordination needed to accomplish an effective emergency
response in minute time
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FULL-SCALE AEE
• A Joint Venture
– AO cannot have confidence in their plan until it
has been tested
– Testing is crucial for determining where serious
gaps may exist in the plan. Example of gaps:
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FULL-SCALE AEE
• A Joint Venture – Gaps that may exist:
– Individuals may have misunderstanding about it
– Procedures workable on paper do not work in
practice
– Written estimates of time, distance may be sufficiently
inaccurate
to
cause
problems
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FULL-SCALE AEE
• A Joint Venture – Benefits of an AEE
– Emergency response personnel to better know each
other & to know how other services operate
– Familiarization for personnel from outside the airport
to airport facilities, resources, traffic pattern and
identifiable hazard areas
63
FULL-SCALE AEE
• Conditions
– The exercises should be conducted in:
•
•
•
•
•
Daylight
Twilight
Darkness
Various weather conditions
Various visibility conditions
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FULL-SCALE AEE
• Objective of the Exercise
– Basic step is to identified what is to be achieved
• Night exercise to test the reactions of response personnel
under nighttime conditions
• Test the ability of local emergency response teams to react
to the discovery of hazardous materials in the cargo of an
aircraft
• Outside the airport boundaries accident to test the ability of
the surrounding community to manage an air disaster
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FULL-SCALE AEE
• Full Scale EE – Scenario
– Related to the objectives set for the EE
•
•
•
•
•
Inside or outside airport boundaries
Type of aircraft
Dangerous goods involved
Number of passengers
Aircraft only or aircraft/structures; aircraft/ground vehicles; aircraft/aircraft
• Location of the accident, the closes possible to the rwy
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FULL-SCALE AEE
• The mock-up
– Large passenger aircraft should be sought for the
full-scale EE to add realism to the exercise
– To familiarize participants with the problems of
removing casualties from an aircraft
– If aircraft is not available, a bus or similar large
vehicle may be used
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AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• A continuous process
• One year or at least 4 months ahead planning
68
AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• 4 months prior to the AEE, general meeting
with head of participating agencies. Aims of
exercise to be outlined, a scenario formulated,
work tasks assigned
• A first meeting with supervisory personnel to
outline aims, formulate the scenario, assigned
work tasks, select emergency plan coordinators if not already done
69
AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Meetings to be held with all participating
agencies to asses progress reports & to solve
any problems related to the scenario. Individual or group meeting
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AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Sixty (60) days prior to the AEE to complete
arrangements for the full-scale emergency
exercise site or staging are. The written scenario shall be completed
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AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Fifty (50) days prior to the AEE, the victims
make-up team should be appointed & the
material needed for make-up purposes should
be available
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AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Forty (40) days prior to the AEE, arrangements
for transportation, feeding, stretcher bearers
& volunteer workers should be completed
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AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Thirty (30) days prior to the AEE, meeting with
all persons involved in the organization of the
AEE
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AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Twenty-one (21) days prior to the AEE,
arrangement for volunteer casualties shall be
completed
• Transportation arrangements for transportation of victims to the accident site completed
• Selection of evaluators (critique) and observers completed
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AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Fourteen (14) days prior to the AEE final
meeting & briefing for all participants,
including observer & critique team
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AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Seven (7) days prior to the AEE, final meeting
of supervisory personnel to review
assignment, scenario details, etc.
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AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Partial & Tabletop Exercises
– All the preparatory meetings should be
supplemented by partial and tabletop exercises
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AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• DAY 0: THE EXERCISE
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AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Debriefing Post Exercise
– Between 1 & 7 days following the AEE, a critique
of the exercise (meeting) so that all participants
may hear the evaluators (critique) and observers
reports
– Desirable to look back & see specific skill that
were learned, new environmental conditions that
were explored, communications systems that
were tried out, new equipment
– Benefit & Problems that were encountered
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AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Post Exercise
– Thirty (30) days following the AEE, supervisory
personnel meet to review written critiques
submitted by evaluators & observers. Revise
procedures to correct mistakes & shortcomings
indicated in the exercise
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AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Evaluators and Observers
– Evaluators should be selected by the AO.
– They are assigned at various critical intervention
or coordination points
– Their role is to evaluate the intervention effectiveness of participating agencies (timing, orderly
operation etc.)
– Not to evaluate professional competences of
participating agencies
82
AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Evaluators Briefing
– The Evaluators should attend at least one briefing
session
– They must be briefed on:
• The full scenario
• What they should look for at each posting
• What type of report is expected from them (oral and/or
written)
• Report forms should be made available to them
• The ideal & expected sequences of events
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AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Evaluators – Place of Assignment
– Accident site
•
•
•
•
Collection area
Triage area
Care area
Transportation area
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AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Evaluators – Place of Assignment
– Rendez-Vous Point
– Temporary Hospital
– Emergency Coordination Center
– Mobile Command Post
– On the airport access road(s)
• Evaluators should be coupled (2) at each site
• Evaluators watches shall be synchronized
85
AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Evaluators – Accident site (Collection, Triage,
Care & Transportation Areas)
– Initial response time for each intervening agency
– Arrival time of the Mobile Command Post
– Arrival time of the on-scene commander
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AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Evaluators – Accident site (Collection Area)
– To evaluate the time required to locate all the
victims and to account for
– Arrival time of the first medical team members
(first aid, paramedic, nurses, doctors etc.)
– Arrival time of the stretcher bearers & how many
– Who were the stretcher bearers (RFF or others)
– The behavior of victims (how good the acting was)
87
AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Evaluators – Accident site (Triage Area)
– To note the time the Triage Area was set up
– To note the time the first victim arrive at T Area
– Arrival time of the first medical team members
(first aid, paramedic, nurses, doctors etc.) at T.A.
– Arrival time of the stretcher bearers & how many
– Who were the stretcher bearers (RFF or others)
– The behavior of victims (how good the acting was)
88
AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Evaluators – Accident site (Care Area)
– To note the time the Triage Area was set up
– To note the time the first victim arrive at T Area
– Arrival time of the first medical team members (first
aid, paramedic, nurses, doctors etc.) at T.A.
– Arrival time of the stretcher bearers & how many
– Who were the stretcher bearers (RFF or others)
– The behavior of victims (how good the acting was)
– Arrival time of the emergency equipment (trailer)
89
AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Evaluators – Accident site (Transportation Area)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
To note the time the Transportation Area was set up
To note the time the first victim arrive at T Area
Arrival time of the first ambulance at T.A.
Departure time of the firs ambulance from the T.A.
Arrival time of the stretcher bearers & how many
Who were the stretcher bearers (RFF or others)
The behavior of victims (how good the acting was)
General organisation of the T.A.
90
AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Evaluators – Rendez-Vous Point
– Response time for each agency involved (city fire
brigade, police, doctors, nurses, ambulance,
stretcher bearers etc.)
– Time they were dispatched to the accident site
– Time first ambulance went out
91
AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Evaluators – Temporary Hospital
– Time the temporary hospital was set up
– Time of arrival for each victim
– Time of departure for each victim, for transportation to hospital
92
AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Evaluators – Mobile Command Post (MCP)
– Arrival time of the MCP itself
– Arrival time of the on-scene commander
– Time each agency report to the MCP
93
AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Observers
– Participating agencies may wish to have their own
observers. These observers can be considered as
their own evaluators by the 3rd parties involved.
Pure observers could be, as an example, the CAA
inspectors or representatives from other airports
getting ready for an airport emergency exercise
94
AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Participants – Victims
– Number of victims could be between 50 and 100
– Recruited from Secondary Schools or from any
organizations that such an experience could
benefit to
– Brief by medical staff so as to adopt behaviors
compatible with the type of wound they are
having, it could be nervous breakdown, hysteria,
unconsciousness, etc.
95
AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Participants – Victims Make-Up
– To ensure a higher level of realism, the victims can
be made-up
– Make-up kit are available on the market
96
AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Publication of the date & time of the AEE
– In determining the scenario, the date and time are
selected
– Timing must be coordinated with all participating
agencies so as to create as less disturbance as possible
– The AO should keep open a window of more or less
one (1) hour to launch the emergency exercise. This
will avoid situations where the RFF are on the
accident site before the exercise is launched
97
AEE – LONG TERM PLANNING
• Media participation
– Local decision, to or not to invite the media
– At least, Press release the morning of the exercise
– If invited, the media must have free access to various sites
but the ECC during the exercise
– Reporters want footage, interview with the victims etc.
– Limiting their access to site lead to bad coverage
– If invited they must be accompany & brief
– Transportation shall be provided
– Access to internet & fax machines shall be made available
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