Nobel Laureates contributing
to X-ray, diffraction and
crystallography
Insulin crystals
WILHELM CONRAD
RÖNTGEN (1845-1923)
 1901 Nobel Laureate in Physics
in recognition of the extraordinary services he
has rendered by the discovery of the
remarkable rays subsequently named after him.
http://www.resonancepub.com/wroentgen.htm
MAX VON LAUE
(1879-1960)
 1914 Nobel Laureate in Physics
His best known work, however,
for which he received the Nobel
Prize for Physics for 1914, was
his discovery of the diffraction
of X-rays on crystals.
http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1914/laue-bio.html
SIR WILLIAM HENRY BRAGG (1862-1942)
SIR WILLIAM LAWRENCE BRAGG (1890-1971)
 1915 Nobel Laureate in Physics
for their services in the analysis of crystal
structure by means of X-rays.
http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1915/wh-bragg-bio.html
CLINTON JOSEPH DAVISSON
(1881-1958)
SIR GEORGE PAGET THOMSON
(1892-1975) son of J. J. Thomson
 1937 Nobel Laureate in Physics
for their experimental discovery of the
diffraction of electrons by crystals.
http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1937/davisson-bio.html
http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1937/thomson-bio.html
FRANCIS HARRY COMPTON CRICK (1916~2004)
JAMES DEWEY WATSON (1928~)
MAURICE HUGH FREDERICK WILKINS (1916~2004)
 1962 Nobel Laureate in Medicine
for their discoveries concerning the
molecular structure of nuclear acids and
its significance for information transfer in
living material.
James Watson
and Francis Crick
Maurice Wilkins
Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958)
http://www.chemheritage.org/classroom/chemach/pharmaceuticals/watson-crick.html
Controversial statements
of James D. Watson
 Stupidity is a disease and the "really stupid" bottom 10% of
people should be cured and that all women should be
genetically engineered to be pretty.
 Whenever you interview fat people, you feel bad, because you
know you're not going to hire them.
 If the gene (for homosexuality) were discovered and a woman
decided not to give birth to a child that may have a tendency
to become homosexual, she should be able to abort the fetus.
An Asshole can be smart.
DOROTHY CROWFOOT HODGKIN
(1910-1994)
vitamin B12
insulin
penicillin
 1964 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry
for her determinations by X-ray
techniques of the structures of important
biochemical substances.
http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1964/hodgkin-bio.html
http://almaz.com/nobel/chemistry/dch.html
SIR AARON KLUG
(1926~)
 1982 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry
for his development of crystallographic
electron microscopy and his structural
elucidation of biologically important nuclei
acid-protein complexes.
http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1982/klug-autobio.html
http://www.geocities.com/n21dh/klug-autobio.html
HERBERT A. HAUPTMAN (1917~)
JEROME KARLE (1918~)
 1985 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry
 for their outstanding achievements in the
development of direct methods to solve
the phase problems for the determination
of crystal structures.
http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1985/karle-autobio.html
http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1985/hauptman-autobio.html
CLIFFORD G. SHULL
(1915~)
 1994 Nobel Laureate in Physics
for the development of the neutron
diffraction technique.
http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1994/shull-autobio.html
Roger D. Kornberg
(1947~)
 2006 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry
"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic
transcription" which explains the process by which genetic
information from DNA is copied to RNA, by using X-ray
crystallography to solve the 3-dimensional structure of RNA
polymerase at atomic resolution.
Structural Basis of Transcription: An RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complex at 3.3 Å Resolution
Averell L. Gnatt, Patrick Cramer, Jianhua Fu, David A. Bushnell, and Roger D. Kornberg
Science 8 June 2001: 1876-1882. (PDF)