Earth’s Spheres & Branches of Earth Science Module E Intro Unit 1 Lesson 1 Pages 4-7 I will be able to describe and identify the two types of systems. What is a System? • Systems – a group of interacting parts that work to together to do a job or to form a whole. • Open Systems • Closed Systems I will be able to describe and identify the two types of systems. What is a System? • Systems – Open System • Matter and energy can flow into and out of the system. – Uncovered pan of boiling water. – Vegetable Garden – Natural Environment I will be able to describe and identify the two types of systems. What is a System? • Systems – Closed System • Matter cannot enter or leave, energy can. – Covered pan of boiling water. – Terrarium – Greenhouse I will be able to describe and identify the two types of systems. Open or Closed Systems? I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it. What is the Earth’s System? • Earth System – A complex system made up of: • Matter – Living Things – Nonliving things. • Energy • Processes within Earth’s – Matter and energy continuously cycled through the smaller systems that make up Earth’s spheres. I will be able to define and describe the five main spheres that make up the Earth. What is the Earth’s Geosphere? • Geosphere – Mostly solid, rocky part of the Earth. – Divided into 3 Layers 1. Crust 2. Mantle 3. Core a. Inner Core b. Outer Core I will be able to define and describe the four main spheres that make up the Earth. What is the Earth’s Hydrosphere? • Hydrosphere – Part of the Earth that is liquid water. – Always moving, through all spheres. – 71% of Earth’s surface is the ocean. • • • • • • Lakes Rivers Marshes Rain Underground water Droplets in clouds. I will be able to define and describe the five main spheres that make up the Earth. What is the Earth’s Cryosphere? • Cryosphere – Made up of all frozen water on Earth. • • • • • • Ice Sea Ice Glaciers Ice Shelves Ice Bergs Snow I will be able to define and describe the five main spheres that make up the Earth. What is the Earth’s Atmosphere? • Atmosphere – Mostly made of invisible gases that surround the Earth. – Contains the air we breathe. – Composition • 71% Nitrogen • 23% Oxygen • 1% Trace Gases. – Traps Heat Energy from the sun. • Greenhouse effect, keeps the planet warm. I will be able to define and describe the five main spheres that make up the Earth. What is the Earth’s Biosphere? • Biosphere – Made up of living things and their habitats. – Must Have: • • • • • Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Liquid Water Moderate Temperatures Source of Energy – Sun – Plants and Algae (photosynthesis) I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it. How Do Earth’s Spheres Interact? • Matter and Energy – 1. By exchange of matter. • Water Cycle – Water evaporates into the atmosphere. – Water condenses forming clouds. • Nitrogen Cycle – Bacteria release nitrogen into the soil from the atmosphere. – Plants use nitrogen to grow. I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it. How Do Earth’s Spheres Interact? 2. By exchange of energy • Moves back and forth between spheres. • Plants use solar energy to make food. • Animals eat plants for energy. • Solar Energy – Drives winds and Weather I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it. What is the Source of Earth’s Energy? • Earth’s Energy – Most comes from the Sun. – A tiny fraction • Ocean Tides • Geothermal – Lava & Magma – Moves or Changes form – Not created or destroyed. – Transferred between spheres I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it. What is the Source of Earth’s Energy? • Energy Budget – A way to keep track of energy transfers into and out of Earth’s system. – Unbalanced budget • Can increase or decrease Earth’s temperatures. I will be able to describe the parts of Earth’s System and explain how matter and energy are transferred through it. What can disturb Earth’s Energy Budget? • Disturbed Energy Budget – 1. Increasing Greenhouse gases. – 2. Melting Polar Ice Caps I will be able to define matter and describe the properties of matter. What are the Branches of Earth Science? • 5 Branches Astronomy Environmental Geology Meteorology Oceanography I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science. What are the Branches of Earth Science? • Astronomy Astronomer – The study of the universe beyond Earth. – Astronomers study: • • • • Stars Planets Galaxies History of the Universe. Reason for night/day Telescopes The Sun Reason for Seasons Different Galaxies Mars Reason for tides Stars Planets I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science. What are the Branches of Earth Science? • Environmental Science – The study of Earth’s environment and resources and the effect of human activities Global Warming – Environmentalists or ecologist study Conservation problems like: of Earth’s • Pollution • Global Warming Melting Ice Caps Air Pollution resources. Effects of fertilizer on ground water. Greenhouse effect Effects of oil spills Effects of landfills Ecologist I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science. What are the Branches of Earth Science? • Geology – The study the solid Earth. – Geologists study the forces that shape Earth. Volcanoes Geologist Seismic Waves Formation of Mountains Natural Resources Predicting Earthquakes Inside of Earth Effects of Soil Erosion Minerals I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science. What are the Branches of Earth Science? • Meteorology – The study of Earth’s atmosphere. • Meteorologists gather information about conditions in the atmosphere from around the world. • Forecast weather. Meteorologist Chasing Tornadoes Predicting Hurricanes Predicting the Weather Wind Patterns in North Wales The Ozone Layer The Layers of the Atmosphere I will be able to define and describe the five branches of Earth Science. What are the Branches of Earth Science? Studying • Oceanography Oceanographer – The study of Earth’s oceans. • Oceanographers study: – Chemistry of the ocean. – Shape of the ocean floor. – Organisms living in them. Tsunamis Coral reefs Cold/Warm Ocean Currents Studying what makes up ocean water. Ocean life zones Recording tides Ocean floor Studying the Intertidal Zone Wave patterns at the beach