as
or
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•Introduction to Management
•Management as an Art
•Management as a Science
•Comparison
•Conclusion
•Bibliography
What is
Management ???
The word ’manage’ comes from
the Italian word ‘maneggiare ’ (to
handle — especially tools), which in
turn derives from the Latin word
‘manus’ (hand).
The French word ’mesnagement’
(later ménagement) also influenced
the development in meaning of the
English word ’management’ in the 17th
and 18th centuries.
Management in all business areas
and organizational activities are the
acts of getting people together to
accomplish
desired
goals
and
objectives.
Management is often included as a
factor of production along with
machines, materials, and money.
“Management is an Art
of getting things done
through people.“
According to
Mary Parker Follet
(1868–1933)
According to the management guru
Peter Drucker (1909–2005)
“Management is an multi purpose organ
that manages business, manages managers ,
manages workers and manages work.”



Mary Parker Follet, Harold Koontz and
several others management authors
called management “As an Art of getting
things done through people.”
Art refers to creative skills and talent
which people require to conduct certain
activities effectively.
Art is an Inborn talent. However it can be
refined through Learning and Practice.
1. Intelligence 2. Initiative
3. Innovative
4. Individual Approach
5. Application & Dedication
6. Result Oriented
1.Intelligence
Successful managers
are Intelligent.
Most importantly they need to
have more intelligence then their
subordinates so as to command
respect and get the work done.
Managers like artist have to take
the initiative of doing the right
things right at the right time.
Good managers also encourage
initiative on the part of their
subordinates.
3. Innovative
Management like any other art
needs to be innovative.
A managerial decision taken by a
manager cannot be easily copied o
repeated by any another manger.
4. Individual
Approach
Every manger needs to adopt his
individual approach or style of
handling situations.
This because of the effective
individual approach adopted by
mangers to handle situations.
5. Application &
Dedication
Good managers require not only
skills & knowledge but there is
also a need for discipline,
dedication and commitment.
It is often said that success is
the outcome of ‘knowledge +
intelligence + dedication’
6. Result Oriented
Every good manager, like an
artist, is always practical and
action based.
What matters is not just activities
but accomplishment of results.
Emphasis needs to be place on the
results rather than on activities.
Science is a systematic body of knowledge
which is universally accepted.
‘F.W.Taylor ‘ father of scientific
management was perhaps the first person to
consider management as a science.
He was of the opinion that management
should conduct their business affairs by
following certain well established standards.
Sciences can be broadly divided into two
groups:
a)Physical Sciences.
b) Social Sciences.
Physical sciences like physics, chemistry
and mathematics are exact and accurate,
whereas social sciences are not exact
and accurate as they deal with human
beings.
Management is a social science because
it deals with human beings. Since human
nature cannot be predicted with accuracy,
the decisions taken in management may just
be one way of doing things in a given
situation and not the only way of doing
things.
Frederick W. Taylor‘s
Principles of Scientific
Management
Managers must study the way that
workers perform their tasks and
understand the job knowledge (formal
and informal) that workers have, and
then find ways to improve how tasks are
performed.
Managers must codify new methods of
performing tasks into written work
rules and standard operating
procedures.
Managers should hire workers
who have skills and abilities needed
for the tasks to be completed, and
should train them to perform the
tasks according to the established
procedures.
Managers must establish a level
of performance for the task that is
acceptable and fair and should link
it to a pay system that rewards
workers who perform above the
acceptable level.
practicing managers who believe
in management as a science are likely
to believe that there are ideal
managerial practices for certain
situations.
For instance,
if a manager has a problem with an
employee's poor work performance , the
manager will look to specific means of
performance improvement, expecting that
certain principles will work in most
situations.
He or she may rely on concepts
learned in business school or
through a company training
program when determining a
course of action, perhaps paying
less attention to political and
social factors involved in the
situation
AS AN ART



Based on Practice
and creativity.
It is a theoretical
body of
knowledge.
Has Personalized
Application.
AS A SCIENCE



Based on
Experimentation.
It is a systematized
body of
knowledge.
Has Universal
Application.