IV. The Domain Eukarya
E. Fungi
1.
Overview:
The Opisthokont Clade
Fungi
Choanoflagellates
Animals
IV. The Domain Eukarya
E. Fungi
1. Overview:
2. “Body Plan”
http://sharon-taxonomy2009-p2.wikispaces.com/Fungi
IV. The Domain Eukarya
E. Fungi
1. Overview:
2. “Body Plan”
http://www.rhizomes.net/issue15/groves/index.html
http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/hortnews/node/98
mycelium
IV. The Domain Eukarya
E. Fungi
1. Overview:
2. “Body Plan”
Big mushrooms
Earliest fungal-like fossils (septate networks) date to 1.4 bya, lived in benthic marine
habitats. Fungi remain important decomposers in marine and freshwater ecosystems
Colonized land in Cambrian, before plants; maybe as lichenous symbiotes.
Prototaxites of the Silurian was 8m tall and 1m wide!
http://scienceblogs.com/zooillogix/2007/04/giant_prehistoric_organism_ide.php
IV. The Domain Eukarya
E. Fungi
http://www.uoguelph.ca/~gbarron/N-D%20Fungi/ndfungi.htm
1. Overview:
2. “Body Plan”
3. Ecological Roles
- decomposers
http://www.mdfrc.org.au/projects/education/willi
amsthesis.htm
http://www.carleton.ca/toxin/
http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/hortnews/node/98
http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/16ecosys.htm
IV. The Domain Eukarya
E. Fungi
http://www.uoguelph.ca/~gbarron/N-D%20Fungi/ndfungi.htm
1. Overview:
2. “Body Plan”
3. Ecological Roles
- decomposers
- parasites/pathogens/predators
http://doctorexclusive.com/?cat=126
http://herbarium.usu.edu/fungi/funfacts/a
nt_fung.htm
http://www.plantpath.wisc.edu/PDDCEducation/MasterGardener/General/Slide12.htm
IV. The Domain Eukarya
E. Fungi
1. Overview:
2. “Body Plan”
3. Ecological Roles
- symbionts
Lichens: fungus + algae or
cyanobacteria
http://www.elkhornslough.org/sloughlife
/plants/lichen.htm
Arbuscular mycorrhizae – found in 80% of
vascular plant families; in oldest vascular
plant fossils (Rhynie Chert – 420 mya)
http://sarcozona.org/2009/03/18/what-do-you-know/
IV. The Domain Eukarya
E. Fungi
1. Overview:
2. “Body Plan”
3. Ecological Roles
- symbionts
• Increase absorptive surface area of root system
• Secreted enzymes increase absorption of N and P in particular
• Can connect to plants of different plant species, and even transfer nutrients
between them
• One species may attract and poison insects (springtails), and digest and absorb
their nitrogen (up to 25% of a plants nitrogen budget!)
• Present in oldest vascular plant fossils, and molecular analyses confirm an
ancient association which may have been critical for plants to colonize land
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/ent/no
tes/Urban/springtails.htm
http://directory.leadmaverick.com/Denton-PestControl-Service/DallasFortWorthArlington/TX/10/10739/index.aspx
Phylogeny of the fungal kingdom.
Galagan J E et al. Genome Res. 2005;15:1620-1631
©2005 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
IV. The Domain Eukarya
E. Fungi
1.
2.
3.
4.
Overview:
“Body Plan”
Ecological Roles
Generalized Life Cycle
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20102/bio%20102%20lectures/fungi/fungi.htm
IV. The Domain Eukarya
E. Fungi
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Overview:
“Body Plan”
Ecological Roles
Generalized Life Cycle
Fungal Diversity
http://sharonapbio-taxonomy.wikispaces.com/Fungi
IV. The Domain Eukarya
E. Fungi
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Overview:
“Body Plan”
Ecological Roles
Generalized Life Cycle
Fungal Diversity
- Chytridomycota
http://sharon-taxonomy2009-p2.wikispaces.com/Fungi
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Chytridiomycota
IV. The Domain Eukarya
E. Fungi
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Overview:
“Body Plan”
Ecological Roles
Generalized Life Cycle
Fungal Diversity
- Chytridomycota
40% of amphibian
populations are in decline
worldwide, probably due
to a combination of climate
change, pollution, habitat
loss and degradation, and
chytrid fugal infections.
http://cisr.ucr.edu/chytrid_fungus.html
5. Fungal Diversity
- Zygomycota
http://biology.nicerweb.com/bio1151/Locked/media/lab/diversity/fungi/key1151.html
5. Fungal Diversity
- Ascomycota
http://www.cosmosbiomedical.com/education/mycology/mycology2.shtml
5. Fungal Diversity
- Basidiomycota
http://www.griswold.k12.ia.us/pcarlsonweb/fungi_kingdom.htm