AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
(SECONDARY)
(Industry, Services, & Settlements)
(July 2015)
Unit Statement: Essential unit seven covers the analysis of contemporary patterns of
industrialization and their impact on development. The student needs to understand patterns
of economic growth and deindustrialization in a region such as North America, where the
emergence of service sectors, high technology, and growth poles (ie. Silicon Valley, the
Research Triangle, universities, and medical centers) is transforming the economic landscape.
Countries, regions, and communities must confront the shift in manufacturing to newly
industrialized countries, and the roles of women in the labor force. Communities also face
difficult questions regarding raw materials, energy use, the conservation of resources, and the
impact of pollution on the environment and quality of life.
Essential Outcomes: (must be assessed for mastery)
1. The Student Will explain the key industries transformed by the industrial revolution. (11.1)
2. TSW identify the three regions where the majority of Earth’s industrial production is
located and when they industrialized; describing key characteristics of their
subareas. (11.2-11.5)
3. TSW identify situation and site factor and determine the optimal location for a factory
by their application; providing examples (eg. how labor concerns influence
location). (11.3, 11.7)
4. TSW identify the four methods of transporting products explaining the benefits;
applying Alfred Weber’s theory. (11.6)
5. TSW explain the change in distribution of manufacturing in the US, and analyze the
consequences of “right-to-work” laws. (11.9)
6. TSW identify the “BRIC” countries and explain why they are expected to dominate
global manufacturing in the 21st century. (11.9)
7. TSW identify the four main types of consumer services and the three main types of
business services explaining the role of women and gender equity. (12.1)
8. TSW define central place theory; applying it to distribution of services in a region and
determining the best location to build a retail store. (12.2-12.4)
9. TSW create a hierarchy of a list of cities based on business services; describing the
type and extent of business services in each city. (12.5)
10. TSW explain the functions of offshore financial services in the circulation of global
capital. (12.6)
11. TSW compare dispersed and clustered rural settlements (linear and circular). (12.8)
12. TSW describe the distribution of urban settlements in developed and developing
countries, comparing the most populous cities to the most important business
centers. (12.10)
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Practiced/Ongoing Outcomes: (not formally assessed)
1. The Student Will interpret maps and analyze geospatial data.
2. TSW understand and explain the implications of associations and networks in places.
3. TSW recognize and interpret the relationships among patterns and processes at
different scales of analysis.
4. TSW define regions and evaluate the regionalization process.
5. TSW characterize and analyze changing interconnections among places.
Key Terms and Concepts: (also look at Ch.11 & Ch.12 glossary)
Agglomeration
/Deglomeration
Bid rent theory
Break-ofbulk point
Canadian
industrial
heartland
Carrier efficiency
Comparative
advantage
Cumulative
causation
Economic
sectors
Eco-tourism
Energy resources
Entrepot
Fixed costs
Footloose industry
Four Tigers
Growth poles
Heartland/
rimland
Industrial location
theory
Least-cost location
Maquiladora
Multiplier
effect
Outsourcing
Ozone depletion
Postindustrial
Resource crisis
Resource
orientation
Time-space
compression
Substitution
principle
topocide
Transnational
corporation
Ubiquitous
Variable costs
Special
Economic
Zones
Weber,
Alfred
Weight-gaining
Weight-losing
World Cities
Suggested Materials/Resources:
 Rubenstein, Chapter 11 and 12: “Industry” and “Services and Settlements”
 Kuby, Harner, and Gober, Chapter 6 and 9: “Help Wanted: The Changing Geography
of Jobs”; “Take Me Out to the Ball Game: Market Areas and the Urban Hierarchy”
 Pearson’s Human Geography video series, “Blue Danube?” and “Warming Up in
Mongolia”
 Pearson Online Support via www.MasteringGeography.com
Technology Links:
WebPath Express (found in school library)
The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England:
http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture17a.html
Alfred Weber Theory of Industrial Location:
http://www.archive.org/stream/alfredweberstheo00webe/alfredweberstheo00webe_djvu.txt
The Story of FedEx:
http://www.sri.com/policy/csted/reports/economics/fedex/appendixb.pdf
The New International Division of Labor: http://www.sfbtr15.de/dipa/80.pdf
Kia Motors Manufacturing Georgia Plant:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoNLoNzM23U
U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics Website: www.bls.gov
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Copyright © 1988-2015
Primate City Theory:
http://geography.about.com/od/urbaneconomicgeography/a/primatecities.htm
All agglomerations of the world with a population of 1 million inhabitants or more:
www.citypopulation.de/World.html
International and national demographic datawww.demographia.com
Assessment Tools and Strategies:
Group Assignment or In-Class Assignment:
 Alfred Weber’s theory of industrial location states that industries locate based on
factors such as transportation cost, location of raw material, and location of the
market. Using Weber’s theory as your guide, locate ONE of the following industries.
a) beer factory
b) auto factory
c) dairy industry
d) copper production
Your final product must explain your choice. You should also explain whether your industry
is bulk reducing, bulk gaining, or other.
 Discuss with students the advantages and disadvantages of using certain modes of
transportation in manufacturing industries.
 As an in-class assignment, students should discuss how the need for cheap labor (The
New International Division of Labor (outsourcing) has resulted in the movement of
manufacturing from the United States to countries within the periphery. Discuss the
impact on the United States and the countries within the periphery.
Group Assignment:
Select ONE of the following services.
 Supermarket
 Bank
 Gym
 Pharmacy
I.
Use the instructions in Section 12.4 of the textbook to predict the optimal
location of the service you have chosen.
II.
In a final paper, describe the difficulties you encountered, your findings,
and recommendations.
 Compare the theories. Discuss the theories’ applicability to the United States.
Theorist
Theory
Rank-Size Rule

Primate City
Rule
T




e
acher created assessments
Teacher Observation
Generated Tests from textbook
Previous AP Exam Questions
Student created projects/presentations
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Copyright © 1988-2015
Application
AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
Suggested Essential Unit 7 (E07) Rubric:
Name _____________________________________Class________ Date _______________
• All TSW’s must be mastered for a ‘B’.
• 4 of 8 ‘A’-level blocks should be met for an ‘A’.
• Teachers may choose to use their own rubrics; however, all TSW’s must be assessed.
The Student Will
‘A’ Above Mastery
‘B’ Mastery
1. explain the key industries transformed explain the key industries transformed by
explain the key industries transformed by
by the industrial revolution
the industrial revolution stating how they
the industrial revolution
changed
2. identify the three regions where the
majority of Earth’s industrial
production is located and when they
industrialized; describing key
characteristics of their subareas
identify the three regions where the
majority of Earth’s industrial production
is located and when they industrialized;
comparing key characteristics of their
subareas
identify the three regions where the
majority of Earth’s industrial production
is located and when they industrialized;
describing key characteristics of their
subareas giving an overview
3. identify situation and site factor and
determine the optimal location for a
factory by their application; providing
examples
identify situation and site factor and
determine the optimal location for a
factory by their application; providing
varied examples
identify situation and site factor and
determine the optimal location for a
factory by their application; providing
examples
4. identify the four methods of
transporting products and explain the
benefits of each applying Alfred
Weber’s theory
identify the four methods of transporting
identify the four methods of transporting
products and explain the benefits of each
products and explain the benefits
effectively applying Alfred Weber’s
attempting to apply the theory.
theory
5. explain how the distribution of
manufacturing in the US has changed,
and analyze the consequences of
“right-to-work” laws
explain how the distribution of
manufacturing in the US has changed,
and analyze the consequences of “rightto-work” laws giving current examples
explain how the distribution of
manufacturing in the US has changed,
and listed consequences of “right-towork” laws
6. identify the “BRIC” countries and
explain why they are expected to
dominate global manufacturing in the
21st century
identify the “BRIC” countries and
explain why they are expected to
dominate global manufacturing in the 21st
century
7. identify the four main types of
consumer services and the three main
types of business services explaining
the role of women and gender equity
identify the four main types of consumer
services and the three main types of
business services explaining the role of
women and gender equity
8. define central place theory; applying
it to distribution of services in a
region and determining the best
location to build a retail store
define central place theory; applying it to
distribution of services in a region and
determining the best location to build a
retail store in your city
define central place theory; applying it to
distribution of services in a region, but
could not determe the best location to
build a retail store
9. create a hierarchy of a list of cities
based on business services; describing
the type and extent of business
services in each city
create a hierarchy of a list of cities based
on business services; comparing the type
and extent of business services in each
city
create a hierarchy of a list of cities based
on business services; describing the type
and extent of business services in each
city
10. explain the functions of offshore
financial services in the circulation of
global capital
explain the functions of offshore
financial services in the circulation of
global capital
11. compare dispersed and clustered
rural settlements
compare dispersed and clustered rural
settlements
12. describe the distribution of urban
settlements in developed and
developing countries, comparing the
most populous cities to the most
important business centers
describe the distribution of urban
settlements in developed and developing
countries, comparing the most populous
cities to the most important business
centers giving detailed examples and
original thought
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QSI AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY SEC E07
Copyright © 1988-2015
describe the distribution of urban
settlements in developed and developing
countries, comparing the most populous
cities to the most important business
centers by giving a textbook overview
Notes